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Economy of Austria vs Bangladesh compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $456B for Bangladesh, ranking 29/197 and 38/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $192B (42% of GDP) in Bangladesh.

Austria vs Bangladesh GDP by year

Austria
Bangladesh
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Bangladesh
2025 $579,470,021,095 $456,319,229,256
2024 $534,790,720,467 $450,119,432,069
2023 $516,670,509,629 $437,415,333,018
2022 $473,221,298,968 $460,131,689,083
2021 $480,466,363,177 $416,271,647,911
2020 $434,397,601,558 $373,979,442,362
2019 $442,983,642,372 $351,231,654,604
2018 $452,582,294,973 $321,362,752,442
2017 $414,926,138,133 $293,732,446,625
2016 $393,687,359,770 $265,224,515,675
2015 $379,546,097,301 $195,146,608,978
2014 $438,556,021,078 $172,886,611,654
2013 $426,580,502,769 $149,998,957,434
2012 $406,750,487,604 $133,310,747,603
2011 $428,954,737,064 $128,607,482,310
2010 $389,827,789,218 $115,275,540,051
2009 $399,290,118,782 $102,475,158,191
2008 $429,234,399,096 $91,636,997,371
2007 $386,760,177,589 $79,611,644,975
2006 $333,905,979,332 $71,795,736,172
2005 $313,952,317,331 $69,476,001,239
2004 $299,210,411,455 $65,108,544,250
2003 $260,779,834,340 $60,158,929,188
2002 $212,837,224,023 $54,724,081,491
2001 $196,477,206,829 $53,991,289,844
2000 $196,181,599,831 $53,369,787,319
1999 $216,421,809,126 $51,270,569,884
1998 $217,068,085,816 $49,984,559,471
1997 $211,724,812,267 $48,244,309,133
1996 $235,952,581,232 $46,438,484,108
1995 $240,094,169,510 $37,939,748,769
1994 $202,738,023,130 $33,768,660,883
1993 $189,634,029,339 $33,166,519,418
1992 $194,314,032,056 $31,708,874,594
1991 $173,113,449,617 $30,957,483,950
1990 $165,811,372,383 $31,598,340,778
1989 $132,584,448,258 $28,781,715,189
1988 $132,817,124,707 $26,579,005,558
1987 $123,682,091,859 $24,298,032,258
1986 $98,648,254,169 $21,774,033,333
1985 $69,114,996,010 $22,278,423,077
1984 $67,719,055,773 $18,920,840,000
1983 $71,838,528,420 $17,609,048,822
1982 $70,996,111,963 $18,525,399,202
1981 $70,755,997,062 $20,249,694,002
1980 $81,737,498,405 $18,138,049,096
1979 $73,647,694,287 $15,565,480,322
1978 $61,809,208,756 $13,281,767,143
1977 $51,343,861,460 $9,651,149,302
1976 $42,791,707,448 $10,117,113,333
1975 $39,902,300,703 $19,448,348,073
1974 $35,051,468,640 $12,512,460,520
1973 $29,399,860,145 $8,086,725,729
1972 $21,973,207,929 $6,288,245,867
1971 $17,788,536,733 $8,751,843,188
1970 $15,312,791,744 $8,992,722,167
1969 $13,647,475,854 $8,471,006,438
1968 $12,499,863,917 $7,483,685,771
1967 $11,634,569,522 $7,253,575,688
1966 $10,939,526,219 $6,439,687,854
1965 $10,041,659,445 $5,906,636,792
1964 $9,213,648,656 $5,386,054,833
1963 $8,414,050,621 $5,319,458,563
1962 $7,793,042,529 $5,081,413,542
1961 $7,346,566,038 $4,817,580,375
1960 $6,624,086,313 $4,274,894,083

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Bangladesh by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bangladesh
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Bangladesh
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $2,597 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $2,593 $9,647
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $2,551 $9,148
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $2,716 $8,451
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $2,483 $7,441
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $2,249 $6,641
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $2,130 $6,047
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $1,965 $5,490
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $1,811 $4,883
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $1,649 $4,579
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $1,224 $4,212
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $1,094 $3,973
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $958 $3,691
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $860 $3,434
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $837 $3,051
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $757 $2,834
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $679 $2,675
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $613 $2,555
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $538 $2,388
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $490 $2,195
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $480 $2,020
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $456 $1,862
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $427 $1,746
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $394 $1,659
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $395 $1,598
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $397 $1,512
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $388 $1,430
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $386 $1,373
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $379 $1,315
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $372 $1,261
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $309 $1,206
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $280.6 $1,145
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $280.8 $1,099
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $273.5 $1,045
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $272.1 $987
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $283.1 $941
1989 $17,401 - $263 -
1988 $17,510 - $247.9 -
1987 $16,329 - $231.5 -
1986 $13,032 - $212.1 -
1985 $9,136 - $222.2 -
1984 $8,956 - $193.4 -
1983 $9,500 - $184.7 -
1982 $9,373 - $199.6 -
1981 $9,348 - $224.2 -
1980 $10,827 - $206.1 -
1979 $9,755 - $181.1 -
1978 $8,173 - $158.3 -
1977 $6,784 - $117.9 -
1976 $5,656 - $126.7 -
1975 $5,265 - $249.8 -
1974 $4,613 - $165 -
1973 $3,875 - $109.7 -
1972 $2,913 - $87.8 -
1971 $2,372 - $124.5 -
1970 $2,051 - $130.2 -
1969 $1,834 - $125.9 -
1968 $1,686 - $114.4 -
1967 $1,577 - $114.2 -
1966 $1,494 - $104.4 -
1965 $1,381 - $98.6 -
1964 $1,275 - $92.6 -
1963 $1,173 - $94.1 -
1962 $1,093 - $92.6 -
1961 $1,037 - $90.4 -
1960 $940 - $82.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $2,597 in Bangladesh, ranking 151/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Bangladesh ranks 135th at $9,647.

Economic indicators

Austria Bangladesh
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$456B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
38/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
3.49%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$2,597
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
151/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$9,647
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
135/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$192B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
42%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$1,092
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
143/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$2,829
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$26.2B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
25.5%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
10.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
10%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
10%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
3.64%
2024
Population
9201502
178936470

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Bangladesh
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Bangladesh
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 10.9% 42%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 12% 41%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 12.6% 39.7%
2022 53% 78.1% 13% 37.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 12.9% 35.6%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 13.3% 34.5%
2019 49.1% 71% 13.6% 32%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 13% 29.6%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 12.2% 28.3%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 11.6% 27.7%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 11.5% 28.2%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 11.7% 28.7%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 12.1% 28.3%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 11.7% 29.1%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 11.5% 29.4%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 10.6% 29.6%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 10.6% 33%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 11.5% 33.9%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 9.63% 35%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 10.1% 35.3%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 10.3% 35.6%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 9.88% 36.6%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 10.2% 37%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 10.4% 38.9%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 10.7% 37.1%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 9.76% 31.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 8.66% 32.7%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 9.82% 31.1%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 9.89% 29.1%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 9.79% 31%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 10.5% 32.9%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 10% 35.5%
1993 54.3% 61% 9.74% 34.1%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 8.8% 33.1%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 8.86% 31.8%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 9.14% 31.5%
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - -
1986 54.3% 52% - -
1985 53.5% 47.8% - -
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2002, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Bangladesh spent $49.6B, or 10.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 42% in Bangladesh, ranking 42/185 and 124/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Bangladesh
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Bangladesh
2025 -4.52% -2.93%
2024 -4.68% -3.7%
2023 -2.59% -4.39%
2022 -3.41% -4.53%
2021 -5.69% -3.56%
2020 -8.2% -4.84%
2019 0.54% -5.41%
2018 0.2% -4.07%
2017 -0.78% -4.17%
2016 -1.45% -3.16%
2015 -0.48% -3.29%
2014 -1.92% -2.62%
2013 -1.99% -2.86%
2012 -2.18% -2.56%
2011 -2.48% -2.96%
2010 -4.46% -2.23%
2009 -5.38% -2.68%
2008 -1.57% -3.36%
2007 -1.56% -1.86%
2006 -2.61% -2.15%
2005 -2.59% -2.4%
2004 -4.94% -2.21%
2003 -1.84% -1.96%
2002 -1.43% -2.3%
2001 -0.71% -3.44%
2000 -2.07% -2.5%
1999 -2.63% -1.35%
1998 -2.68% -2.2%
1997 -2.38% -1.94%
1996 -4.38% -2.01%
1995 -6.17% -0.38%
1994 -5.04% 0.03%
1993 -4.57% 0.43%
1992 -2.15% 0.36%
1991 -2.96% 0.44%
1990 -2.58% -0.15%
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -
1985 -2.71% -
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Bangladesh's deficit of $13.4B, or 2.93% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 34 of those years, while Bangladesh ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.9% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.47% of GDP for Bangladesh.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Bangladesh
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Bangladesh
2025 3.53% 10%
2024 2.94% 9.7%
2023 7.81% 9%
2022 8.55% 6.1%
2021 2.77% 5.6%
2020 1.38% 5.6%
2019 1.53% 5.5%
2018 2% 5.8%
2017 2.08% 5.4%
2016 0.89% 5.9%
2015 0.9% 6.4%
2014 1.61% 7.3%
2013 2% 6.8%
2012 2.49% 8.9%
2011 3.29% 8.8%
2010 1.81% 7.3%
2009 0.51% 6.7%
2008 3.22% 9.9%
2007 2.17% 7.2%
2006 1.44% 7.2%
2005 2.3% 6.5%
2004 2.06% 8.1%
2003 1.36% 3.9%
2002 1.81% 2.4%
2001 2.65% 1.8%
2000 2.34% 3.6%
1999 0.57% 8.9%
1998 0.92% 6.7%
1997 1.31% 2.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 6.54% in Bangladesh. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 10% in Bangladesh.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $32.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $26.6M
Chemicals & pharma $14.7M
Wood & paper products $1.97M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.53M
Metals $584K
Raw materials & minerals $362K
Weapons & explosives $92K
Miscellaneous $48K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Bangladesh
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $37.2M
Machinery & equipment $2.6M
Chemicals & pharma $556K
Wood & paper products $240K
Animal & marine products $151K
Raw materials & minerals $7K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Austria Bangladesh
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$239M
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
93/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-0.05%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$66B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$43.8B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$14.7B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$8.42B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
16.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
11.1%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Bangladesh
Economic freedom 69.8 54.8
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 131/197
Property rights 95.7 32.1
Government integrity 75 22.7
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 36.7
Tax burden 45.7 79.9
Government spending 12.8 95.3
Fiscal health 67.1 68.4
Business freedom 78.7 52.7
Labor freedom 81.6 50.5
Monetary freedom 76.4 65.8
Trade freedom 79.4 63
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Bangladesh
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Bangladesh
2026 69.8 54.8
2025 69.7 54.7
2024 68.4 54.4
2023 71.1 54.4
2022 73.8 52.7
2021 73.9 56.5
2020 73.3 56.4
2019 72 55.6
2018 71.8 55.1
2017 72.3 55
2016 71.7 53.3
2015 71.2 53.9
2014 72.4 54.1
2013 71.8 52.6
2012 70.3 53.2
2011 71.9 53
2010 71.6 51.1
2009 71.2 47.5
2008 71.4 44.2
2007 71.6 46.7
2006 71.1 52.9
2005 68.8 47.5
2004 67.6 50
2003 67.6 49.3
2002 67.4 51.9
2001 68.1 51.2
2000 68.4 48.9
1999 64 50
1998 65.4 52
1997 65.2 49.9
1996 68.9 51.1
1995 70 40.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 54.8 for Bangladesh, ranking 131/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Bangladesh
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
52.1%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
34%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
11.4%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$499B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$10,710
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$28.6B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
58/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$1.84B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.28B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$34.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.83%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
18.7%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
28.5%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bangladesh | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2002, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.