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Economy of Austria vs Zimbabwe compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $522B compared to $44.2B for Zimbabwe, ranking 31/197 and 99/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $424B in government debt (82.9% of GDP), compared to $41.8B (58.6% of GDP) in Zimbabwe.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Austria
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Zimbabwe
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Austria Zimbabwe
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,624,086,313 $83,828,673,167 $1,052,990,485 $4,350,191,359
1961 $7,346,566,038 $88,471,087,748 $1,096,646,688 $4,624,956,287
1962 $7,793,042,529 $90,814,399,431 $1,117,601,690 $4,691,299,938
1963 $8,414,050,621 $94,572,542,282 $1,159,511,793 $4,984,240,868
1964 $9,213,648,656 $100,364,499,311 $1,217,138,098 $4,929,106,598
1965 $10,041,659,445 $103,857,359,442 $1,311,435,906 $5,171,153,857
1966 $10,939,526,219 $109,717,886,300 $1,281,749,603 $5,249,917,254
1967 $11,634,569,522 $113,018,252,763 $1,397,002,112 $5,689,178,300
1968 $12,499,863,917 $118,072,782,528 $1,479,600,019 $5,801,262,791
1969 $13,647,475,854 $125,482,873,519 $1,747,998,941 $6,522,257,412
1970 $15,312,791,744 $134,420,862,376 $1,884,206,452 $7,994,014,635
1971 $17,788,536,733 $141,296,447,063 $2,178,716,475 $8,706,887,816
1972 $21,973,207,929 $150,067,933,491 $2,677,729,616 $9,432,151,957
1973 $29,399,860,145 $157,406,909,711 $3,309,353,866 $9,677,832,605
1974 $35,051,468,640 $163,612,107,623 $3,982,161,721 $10,319,003,882
1975 $39,902,300,703 $163,016,991,844 $4,371,301,052 $10,119,720,881
1976 $42,791,707,448 $170,480,635,018 $4,318,372,348 $10,166,761,281
1977 $51,343,861,460 $179,141,019,238 $4,364,382,451 $9,469,249,965
1978 $61,809,208,756 $178,763,652,138 $4,351,600,850 $9,212,924,709
1979 $73,647,694,287 $188,339,484,584 $5,177,459,817 $9,516,678,098
1980 $81,737,498,405 $191,600,555,442 $6,678,868,738 $10,889,048,165
1981 $70,755,997,062 $191,324,085,936 $8,011,374,445 $12,252,947,710
1982 $70,996,111,963 $195,172,100,329 $8,539,701,388 $12,575,726,762
1983 $71,838,528,420 $200,974,738,307 $7,764,067,625 $12,775,090,445
1984 $67,719,055,773 $201,077,788,420 $6,352,126,411 $12,531,423,466
1985 $69,114,996,010 $206,102,076,591 $5,637,259,754 $13,401,654,104
1986 $98,648,254,169 $210,845,294,932 $6,217,524,201 $13,682,958,727
1987 $123,682,091,859 $213,706,819,793 $6,741,215,643 $13,840,413,624
1988 $132,817,124,707 $220,750,339,733 $7,814,784,729 $14,885,693,494
1989 $132,584,448,258 $229,331,070,530 $8,286,323,367 $15,659,714,790
1990 $165,811,372,383 $239,296,977,478 $8,783,817,407 $16,754,102,247
1991 $173,113,449,617 $247,532,688,033 $8,641,482,396 $17,680,902,722
1992 $194,314,032,056 $252,714,845,320 $6,751,472,744 $16,086,868,547
1993 $189,634,029,339 $254,046,171,814 $6,563,813,829 $16,256,015,317
1994 $202,738,023,130 $260,148,661,735 $6,890,675,555 $17,757,290,653
1995 $240,094,169,510 $267,089,386,117 $7,111,271,273 $17,785,351,734
1996 $235,952,581,232 $273,007,464,944 $8,553,147,289 $19,628,038,096
1997 $211,724,812,267 $278,865,754,831 $8,529,572,287 $20,154,186,142
1998 $217,068,085,816 $288,606,201,091 $6,401,968,715 $20,735,677,098
1999 $216,421,809,126 $299,463,348,051 $6,858,013,652 $20,566,096,369
2000 $196,181,599,831 $309,014,800,203 $6,689,958,139 $19,936,940,457
2001 $196,477,206,829 $313,084,486,482 $6,777,385,246 $20,223,955,722
2002 $212,837,224,023 $317,731,814,842 $6,342,116,911 $18,425,232,321
2003 $260,779,834,340 $321,358,930,178 $5,727,592,261 $15,293,850,319
2004 $299,210,411,455 $329,602,607,297 $5,805,598,867 $14,405,654,147
2005 $313,952,317,331 $337,250,591,306 $5,755,215,663 $13,582,935,180
2006 $333,905,979,332 $348,276,446,349 $5,443,896,938 $13,112,762,532
2007 $386,760,177,589 $361,424,664,732 $5,291,950,526 $12,633,710,460
2008 $429,234,399,096 $366,677,269,701 $4,415,703,156 $10,401,466,939
2009 $399,290,118,782 $353,527,252,122 $9,665,815,601 $11,781,957,805
2010 $389,827,789,218 $359,922,497,999 $12,041,602,762 $14,100,106,033
2011 $428,954,737,064 $370,459,113,959 $14,101,801,031 $16,101,463,201
2012 $406,750,487,604 $372,786,509,411 $17,114,762,914 $18,784,841,116
2013 $426,580,502,769 $371,851,835,130 $19,091,004,042 $19,158,562,814
2014 $438,556,021,078 $374,662,287,025 $19,495,547,523 $19,613,959,113
2015 $379,546,097,301 $379,546,097,301 $19,963,058,858 $19,963,058,858
2016 $393,687,359,770 $387,581,921,834 $20,548,759,858 $20,113,938,470
2017 $414,926,138,133 $396,388,751,745 $51,074,726,484 $21,066,215,031
2018 $452,582,294,973 $406,235,924,915 $34,156,057,417 $22,121,615,842
2019 $442,983,642,372 $413,365,268,699 $25,715,657,177 $20,720,775,635
2020 $434,397,601,558 $387,247,796,561 $26,868,564,055 $19,101,046,520
2021 $480,467,037,339 $405,817,601,897 $27,240,507,842 $20,718,530,621
2022 $471,773,629,830 $427,236,226,728 $32,789,657,378 $21,990,477,716
2023 $511,685,203,845 $423,156,280,851 $35,231,369,343 $23,164,059,016
2024 $521,642,466,922 $418,190,370,367 $44,187,704,410 $23,634,169,921

Economic indicators

Austria Zimbabwe
Gross domestic product
$522B
2024
$44.2B
2024
GDP rank
31/197
2024
99/197
2024
GDP growth
1.95%
2023-2024
25.4%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,833
2024
$2,656
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
144/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,618
2024
$3,922
2024
Government debt
$424B
2024
$41.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.9%
2025
58.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$46,152
2024
$2,513
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
111/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,548
2025
$2,797
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$2.46B
1999
Number of billionaires
9
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
40.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1.9%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
19.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
89%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
35%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
9.29%
2023
Population
9171198
17210092

GDP per capita in Austria vs Zimbabwe

Austria's GDP per capita is $56,833, ranking 16/197, compared to $2,656 in Zimbabwe, ranking 144/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 21st at $71,618, while Zimbabwe ranks 167th at $3,922.

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Zimbabwe
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Austria Zimbabwe
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $940 - $276.4 -
1961 $1,037 - $279 -
1962 $1,093 - $275.5 -
1963 $1,173 - $277 -
1964 $1,275 - $281.7 -
1965 $1,381 - $294.1 -
1966 $1,494 - $278.6 -
1967 $1,577 - $294.2 -
1968 $1,686 - $302 -
1969 $1,834 - $346 -
1970 $2,051 - $361 -
1971 $2,372 - $405 -
1972 $2,913 - $483 -
1973 $3,875 - $579 -
1974 $4,613 - $674 -
1975 $5,265 - $717 -
1976 $5,656 - $687 -
1977 $6,784 - $677 -
1978 $8,173 - $665 -
1979 $9,755 - $779 -
1980 $10,827 - $949 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,068 -
1982 $9,373 - $1,095 -
1983 $9,500 - $959 -
1984 $8,956 - $757 -
1985 $9,136 - $649 -
1986 $13,032 - $692 -
1987 $16,329 - $726 -
1988 $17,510 - $815 -
1989 $17,401 - $840 -
1990 $21,596 $19,383 $866 $1,803
1991 $22,323 $20,522 $831 $1,917
1992 $24,783 $21,195 $631 $1,734
1993 $23,987 $21,632 $604 $1,768
1994 $25,546 $22,538 $634 $1,970
1995 $30,207 $23,588 $648 $1,996
1996 $29,646 $24,418 $767 $2,206
1997 $26,572 $25,295 $750 $2,261
1998 $27,212 $26,529 $552 $2,307
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $582 $2,284
2000 $24,487 $29,215 $563 $2,243
2001 $24,430 $29,556 $566 $2,311
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $525 $2,118
2003 $32,110 $31,963 $468 $1,771
2004 $36,614 $33,523 $469 $1,695
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $461 $1,633
2006 $40,382 $37,396 $431 $1,605
2007 $46,623 $39,194 $413 $1,568
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $341 $1,300
2009 $47,857 $40,666 $735 $1,461
2010 $46,611 $41,740 $902 $1,741
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $1,037 $1,993
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $1,239 $2,272
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $1,362 $2,475
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $1,372 $2,553
2015 $43,915 $49,563 $1,386 $2,647
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $1,407 $2,797
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $3,448 $7,045
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $2,272 $2,614
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $1,684 $3,211
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $1,730 $3,511
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $1,724 $3,185
2022 $52,177 $70,735 $2,041 $3,560
2023 $56,034 $70,479 $2,156 $3,820
2024 $56,833 $71,618 $2,656 $3,922

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $294B, accounting for 56.2% of its GDP, while Zimbabwe's spent $8.24B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.9% in Austria and 58.6% in Zimbabwe, ranking 39/185 and 86/185, respectively.

Austria
Government spending

Government debt
Zimbabwe
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Austria Zimbabwe
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1970 39.5% 18.5% - -
1971 40% 17.3% - -
1972 40.1% 16.6% - -
1973 41.5% 16.6% - -
1974 42% 16.7% - -
1975 46.1% 22.7% - -
1976 47.9% 26% - -
1977 47.6% 28.3% - -
1978 50.8% 32% - -
1979 49.8% 33.9% - -
1980 50% 35.4% - -
1981 51.5% 37.3% - -
1982 52% 39.5% - -
1983 52.4% 43.4% - -
1984 52.6% 45.8% - -
1985 53.5% 47.5% - -
1986 54.3% 51.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.2% - -
1988 53.1% 57.4% - -
1989 51.6% 56.3% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% - -
1991 47.9% 56.4% - -
1992 49.3% 56.3% - -
1993 54.3% 61% - -
1994 54.3% 64.1% - -
1995 56.1% 68.2% - -
1996 55.9% 68.2% - -
1997 52.5% 63.4% - -
1998 54.4% 69.2% - -
1999 50.5% 61.3% - -
2000 50.9% 66.1% - -
2001 51.8% 67.2% - -
2002 51.6% 67.4% - -
2003 51.8% 66.4% - -
2004 54.3% 65.9% - -
2005 51.7% 69.4% 15.5% 33.1%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 8.46% 39.4%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 5.06% 44.7%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 3.75% 61.1%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 11.7% 58.7%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 18.4% 47.6%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 23.2% 42.9%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 20.6% 38.4%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 20.6% 37%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 20.4% 42.3%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 20.8% 48%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 23.6% 49.9%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 27.9% 68.9%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 20.3% 48.1%
2019 49.1% 71% 14.3% 82.3%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 13.8% 84.5%
2021 56% 82.4% 18.6% 58.2%
2022 53.1% 78.3% 21.5% 99.5%
2023 52.6% 78.4% 20% 96.6%
2024 56.3% 81.2% 18.6% 94.6%
2025 56.2% 82.9% 19.1% 58.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$24.5B, equivalent to -4.69% of GDP. This compares to Zimbabwe's deficit of -$910M, or -2.06% of GDP.

Over the past 20 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 18 of those years, while Zimbabwe ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to -2.67% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.07% of GDP for Zimbabwe.

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Zimbabwe
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Zimbabwe
1880 -1.4% -
1881 -3.91% -
1882 -1.06% -
1883 -0.69% -
1884 -6.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1886 -0.43% -
1887 -1.09% -
1888 -0.97% -
1889 -1.61% -
1890 -0.26% -
1891 -4.01% -
1892 -0.86% -
1893 -1.31% -
1894 -1.16% -
1895 0.36% -
1896 0.03% -
1897 0.1% -
1898 -0.17% -
1899 -0.08% -
1900 -0.05% -
1901 -0.56% -
1902 -0.75% -
1903 -0.97% -
1904 -1.12% -
1905 -0.71% -
1906 -0.05% -
1907 -2.73% -
1908 -1.24% -
1909 -5.51% -
1910 -0.42% -
1911 0.03% -
1912 -0.69% -
1913 -0.69% -
1914 -0.69% -
1915 -0.69% -
1916 -0.69% -
1917 -0.69% -
1918 -0.69% -
1919 -0.69% -
1920 -0.69% -
1921 -0.69% -
1922 -0.69% -
1923 -0.69% -
1924 -5.69% -
1925 -4.96% -
1926 -6.18% -
1927 -7.3% -
1928 -7.63% -
1929 -6.83% -
1930 -9.68% -
1931 -11.5% -
1932 -9.16% -
1933 -3.55% -
1934 -5.28% -
1935 -5.46% -
1936 -3.91% -
1937 -2.84% -
1938 -2.84% -
1939 -2.84% -
1940 -2.84% -
1941 -2.84% -
1942 -2.84% -
1943 -2.84% -
1944 -2.84% -
1945 -2.84% -
1946 -2.84% -
1947 -2.84% -
1948 -9.3% -
1949 -9.23% -
1950 -7.72% -
1951 -1.57% -
1952 -0.73% -
1953 -0.24% -
1954 -0.35% -
1955 -0.5% -
1956 -0.78% -
1957 -0.7% -
1958 -3.52% -
1959 -2.16% -
1960 -0.49% -
1961 1.68% -
1962 1.12% -
1963 -0.5% -
1964 0.48% -
1965 1.38% -
1966 1.73% -
1967 -0.56% -
1968 -0.83% -
1969 -0.08% -
1970 1.16% -
1971 1.46% -
1972 1.97% -
1973 1.24% -
1974 1.23% -
1975 -2.41% -
1976 -3.61% -
1977 -2.11% -
1978 -2.67% -
1979 -2.3% -
1980 -1.62% -
1981 -1.79% -
1982 -3.29% -
1983 -4.22% -
1984 -2.67% -
1985 -2.71% -
1986 -3.84% -
1987 -4.33% -
1988 -3.43% -
1989 -3.07% -
1990 -2.58% -
1991 -2.96% -
1992 -2.15% -
1993 -4.57% -
1994 -5.04% -
1995 -6.17% -
1996 -4.38% -
1997 -2.38% -
1998 -2.68% -
1999 -2.63% -
2000 -2.07% -
2001 -0.71% -
2002 -1.43% -
2003 -1.84% -
2004 -4.94% -
2005 -2.59% -5.12%
2006 -2.61% -2.07%
2007 -1.56% -2.47%
2008 -1.57% -1.77%
2009 -5.38% -2.06%
2010 -4.46% -0.15%
2011 -2.48% -2.45%
2012 -2.18% -0.18%
2013 -1.99% -0.97%
2014 -1.92% -1.02%
2015 -0.48% -2.04%
2016 -1.45% -6.59%
2017 -0.78% -10.4%
2018 0.2% -5.57%
2019 0.54% -2.64%
2020 -8.2% -0.49%
2021 -5.69% -3.22%
2022 -3.42% -4.88%
2023 -2.61% -5.32%
2024 -4.69% -2.06%
2025 -4.08% -0.5%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.29%, compared with 90.4% in Zimbabwe. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 89% in Zimbabwe.

Inflation
Austria

Zimbabwe
Year Inflation
Austria Zimbabwe Austria Zimbabwe
1996 1.86% 6%
1997 1.31% -1%
1998 0.92% -28%
1999 0.57% -13.4%
2000 2.34% 4.5%
2001 2.65% -37.2%
2002 1.81% -34.4%
2003 1.36% -8.6%
2004 2.06% 113.6%
2005 2.3% -31.5%
2006 1.44% 33%
2007 2.17% -72.7%
2008 3.22% 157%
2009 0.51% 6.2%
2010 1.81% 3%
2011 3.29% 3.5%
2012 2.49% 3.7%
2013 2% 1.6%
2014 1.61% -0.2%
2015 0.9% -2.4%
2016 0.89% -1.6%
2017 2.08% 0.9%
2018 2% 10.6%
2019 1.53% 255.3%
2020 1.38% 557%
2021 2.77% 98.5%
2022 8.55% 193.4%
2023 7.81% 667%
2024 2.94% 736%
2025 - 89%

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $4.94M
Machinery & equipment $1.33M
Chemicals & pharma $985K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $332K
Raw materials & minerals $62K
Wood & paper products $38K
Metals $20K
Animal & marine products $11K
Miscellaneous $1K
Zimbabwe
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $98K

Balance of trade

Austria Zimbabwe
Current account balance
$12.6B
2024
$134M
2023
Current account balance ranking
22/189
2024
64/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.42%
2024
+0.38%
2023
Goods imports
$196B
2024
$8.66B
2023
Goods exports
$205B
2024
$7.2B
2023
Service imports
$88B
2024
$1.64B
2023
Service exports
$94.3B
2024
$399M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.6%
2024
30.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
22.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Zimbabwe
Economic freedom 69.7 35.1
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 191/197
Property rights 97 20.7
Government integrity 75.4 20.7
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 15.8
Tax burden 46.3 73.6
Government spending 13.5 87.6
Fiscal health 63.7 44.4
Business freedom 81.7 39.3
Labor freedom 81.8 33.2
Monetary freedom 72.7 0
Trade freedom 79.6 50.4
Investment freedom 60 25
Financial freedom 70 10

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.7, ranking 38/197, compared to 35.1 for Zimbabwe, ranking 191/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Austria
Zimbabwe
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Zimbabwe
1995 70 48.5
1996 68.9 46.7
1997 65.2 48
1998 65.4 44.6
1999 64 47.2
2000 68.4 48.7
2001 68.1 38.8
2002 67.4 36.7
2003 67.6 36.7
2004 67.6 34.4
2005 68.8 35.2
2006 71.1 33.5
2007 71.6 32
2008 71.4 29.5
2009 71.2 22.7
2010 71.6 21.4
2011 71.9 22.1
2012 70.3 26.3
2013 71.8 28.6
2014 72.4 35.5
2015 71.2 37.6
2016 71.7 38.2
2017 72.3 44
2018 71.8 44
2019 72 40.4
2020 73.3 43.1
2021 73.9 39.5
2022 73.8 33.1
2023 71.1 39
2024 68.4 38.2
2025 69.7 35.1

More economic indicators

Austria Zimbabwe
Services, % of GDP
65.3%
2024
55.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
31.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.23%
2024
5.44%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$497B
2024
$37.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$71,860
2024
$3,880
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$485M
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
157/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.5B
2024
-$558M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.31B
2024
$597M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$10.8B
2024
$131M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
3.34%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
38.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
4.47%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Austria vs Zimbabwe
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.