Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 30/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $39.3B (49.9% of GDP) in Tanzania.

Austria vs Tanzania GDP by year

Austria
Tanzania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Tanzania
2024 $534,790,720,467 $78,844,405,385
2023 $516,670,509,629 $79,030,935,627
2022 $473,221,298,968 $75,749,121,843
2021 $480,466,363,177 $70,655,628,148
2020 $434,397,601,558 $66,068,737,786
2019 $442,983,642,372 $61,026,731,926
2018 $452,582,294,973 $57,003,712,892
2017 $414,926,138,133 $53,274,884,533
2016 $393,687,359,770 $49,774,409,374
2015 $379,546,097,301 $47,413,919,817
2014 $438,556,021,078 $49,986,726,461
2013 $426,580,502,769 $45,648,857,242
2012 $406,750,487,604 $39,650,394,363
2011 $428,954,737,064 $34,657,140,096
2010 $389,827,789,218 $32,012,892,919
2009 $399,290,118,782 $29,400,573,554
2008 $429,234,399,096 $27,947,821,398
2007 $386,760,177,589 $21,860,434,823
2006 $333,905,979,332 $18,619,859,795
2005 $313,952,317,331 $18,395,383,647
2004 $299,210,411,455 $16,673,062,473
2003 $260,779,834,340 $15,211,487,709
2002 $212,837,224,023 $14,129,651,896
2001 $196,477,206,829 $13,563,990,022
2000 $196,181,599,831 $13,371,767,082
1999 $216,421,809,126 $12,704,334,196
1998 $217,068,085,816 $12,172,790,056
1997 $211,724,812,267 $11,158,197,942
1996 $235,952,581,232 $9,433,528,150
1995 $240,094,169,510 $7,631,431,840
1994 $202,738,023,130 $6,550,480,484
1993 $189,634,029,339 $6,182,872,708
1992 $194,314,032,056 $6,681,997,469
1991 $173,113,449,617 $7,197,768,159
1990 $165,811,372,383 $6,184,384,225
1989 $132,584,448,258 $6,418,799,007
1988 $132,817,124,707 $7,406,614,407
1987 $123,682,091,859 $7,824,193,222
1986 $98,648,254,169 $10,840,864,521
1985 $69,114,996,010 $15,328,295,175
1984 $67,719,055,773 $12,906,635,133
1983 $71,838,528,420 $14,049,883,809
1982 $70,996,111,963 $13,927,383,240
1981 $70,755,997,062 $13,161,540,378
1980 $81,737,498,405 $11,409,228,087
1979 $73,647,694,287 $9,804,637,491
1978 $61,809,208,756 $9,261,675,710
1977 $51,343,861,460 $7,732,598,995
1976 $42,791,707,448 $6,472,511,988
1975 $39,902,300,703 $5,729,917,840
1974 $35,051,468,640 $4,977,337,978
1973 $29,399,860,145 $4,144,104,535
1972 $21,973,207,929 $3,472,787,266
1971 $17,788,536,733 $3,050,673,517
1970 $15,312,791,744 $2,851,419,386
1969 $13,647,475,854 $5,142,066,811
1968 $12,499,863,917 $4,895,251,824
1967 $11,634,569,522 $4,565,132,048
1966 $10,939,526,219 $4,377,998,825
1965 $10,041,659,445 $3,817,226,546
1964 $9,213,648,656 $3,748,840,925
1963 $8,414,050,621 $3,456,579,293
1962 $7,793,042,529 $3,101,589,993
1961 $7,346,566,038 $2,826,179,031
1960 $6,624,086,313 $2,651,729,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Tanzania by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $1,150 $4,221
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $1,186 $4,019
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $1,171 $3,800
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $1,125 $3,493
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $1,084 $3,291
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $1,031 $2,982
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $992 $2,728
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $957 $2,472
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $925 $2,435
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $911 $2,317
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $993 $2,221
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $935 $2,176
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $837 $2,083
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $753 $2,211
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $715 $2,069
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $674 $1,972
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $657 $1,908
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $528 $1,820
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $462 $1,707
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $469 $1,598
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $438 $1,482
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $410 $1,379
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $391 $1,302
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $385 $1,229
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $390 $1,164
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $382 $1,120
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $375 $1,082
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $353 $1,059
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $305 $1,026
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $251.2 $981
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $222.5 $958
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $218.2 $959
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $243.4 $955
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $268.8 $952
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $236.9 $925
1989 $17,401 - $252.3 -
1988 $17,510 - $299 -
1987 $16,329 - $326 -
1986 $13,032 - $466 -
1985 $9,136 - $681 -
1984 $8,956 - $593 -
1983 $9,500 - $667 -
1982 $9,373 - $683 -
1981 $9,348 - $665 -
1980 $10,827 - $595 -
1979 $9,755 - $527 -
1978 $8,173 - $515 -
1977 $6,784 - $446 -
1976 $5,656 - $387 -
1975 $5,265 - $355 -
1974 $4,613 - $320 -
1973 $3,875 - $276.1 -
1972 $2,913 - $239.8 -
1971 $2,372 - $218.4 -
1970 $2,051 - $211.3 -
1969 $1,834 - $394 -
1968 $1,686 - $388 -
1967 $1,577 - $374 -
1966 $1,494 - $370 -
1965 $1,381 - $333 -
1964 $1,275 - $337 -
1963 $1,173 - $320 -
1962 $1,093 - $295.7 -
1961 $1,037 - $277.4 -
1960 $940 - $267.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $1,150 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Economic indicators

Austria Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
5.53%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$1,150
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$4,221
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
165/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$39.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
49.9%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$573
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
160/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$2,309
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$7.32B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
2.43%
2024
Population
9163419
73145892

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Tanzania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 19.1% 49.9%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 19% 47.8%
2022 53% 78.4% 19.1% 44.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 18.4% 43.4%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 17.4% 41.3%
2019 49.1% 71% 17.3% 40.4%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 17.3% 42%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 16.4% 40.1%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 16.9% 39.8%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 17.2% 39.5%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 17.3% 36.4%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 18.8% 32.7%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 19.6% 30%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 19% 28.4%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 19.8% 27.6%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 19.6% 23.9%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 18.1% 21.6%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 17.8% 23.8%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 17.6% 17.4%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 18.3% 25.4%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 17% 44.5%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 15.4% 44.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 13.6% 47.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 12.4% 50.8%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 12.3% 55.4%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 12.8% 62.9%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 11.4% 62.2%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 12.8% 73.4%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 13.4% 89.6%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 15.6% 111.1%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 16.8% 126%
1993 54.3% 61% 16.4% 129.2%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 17.6% 117.6%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 14.2% 106.5%
1990 46.8% 56.2% - -
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - -
1986 54.3% 52% - -
1985 53.5% 47.8% - -
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Tanzania spent $15.1B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 49.9% in Tanzania, ranking 44/185 and 109/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Tanzania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Tanzania
2024 -4.64% -3.03%
2023 -2.62% -3.67%
2022 -3.31% -3.92%
2021 -5.69% -3.55%
2020 -8.2% -2.56%
2019 0.54% -2.06%
2018 0.2% -2.01%
2017 -0.78% -1.14%
2016 -1.45% -2.08%
2015 -0.48% -3.17%
2014 -1.92% -2.91%
2013 -1.99% -3.76%
2012 -2.18% -4%
2011 -2.48% -3.51%
2010 -4.46% -4.74%
2009 -5.38% -4.46%
2008 -1.57% -1.92%
2007 -1.56% -1.44%
2006 -2.61% -3.38%
2005 -2.59% -3.28%
2004 -4.94% -2.43%
2003 -1.84% -1.77%
2002 -1.43% -0.73%
2001 -0.71% -0.41%
2000 -2.07% -0.73%
1999 -2.63% -1.14%
1998 -2.68% 0.13%
1997 -2.38% -0.03%
1996 -4.38% 1.57%
1995 -6.17% -2.12%
1994 -5.04% -3.74%
1993 -4.57% -2.02%
1992 -2.15% -4.96%
1991 -2.96% 0.6%
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -
1985 -2.71% -
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of $2.39B, or 3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 32 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.86% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Tanzania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Tanzania
2024 2.94% 3.06%
2023 7.81% 3.8%
2022 8.55% 4.35%
2021 2.77% 3.69%
2020 1.38% 3.29%
2019 1.53% 3.46%
2018 2% 3.49%
2017 2.08% 5.32%
2016 0.89% 5.17%
2015 0.9% 5.59%
2014 1.61% 6.13%
2013 2% 7.87%
2012 2.49% 16%
2011 3.29% 12.7%
2010 1.81% 6.2%
2009 0.51% 12.1%
2008 3.22% 10.3%
2007 2.17% 7.03%
2006 1.44% 7.25%
2005 2.3% 5.03%
2004 2.06% 4.74%
2003 1.36% 5.3%
2002 1.81% 5.32%
2001 2.65% 5.15%
2000 2.34% 5.92%
1999 0.57% 7.89%
1998 0.92% 12.8%
1997 1.31% 16.1%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 6.97% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $22.9M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.88M
Metals $2.85M
Wood & paper products $1.87M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.86M
Chemicals & pharma $782K
Weapons & explosives $134K
Animal & marine products $75K
Miscellaneous $30K
Raw materials & minerals $30K
Tanzania
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $632K
Animal & marine products $622K
Textiles & consumer goods $137K
Machinery & equipment $57K
Wood & paper products $57K
Chemicals & pharma $3K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Tanzania
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$2.38B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
147/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-3.02%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$14.2B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$9.12B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$2.8B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$6.85B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Tanzania
Economic freedom 69.8 59
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 106/197
Property rights 95.7 45.2
Government integrity 75 40.9
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 29.6
Tax burden 45.7 80.4
Government spending 12.8 89.1
Fiscal health 67.1 75
Business freedom 78.7 48.1
Labor freedom 81.6 62.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 73.4
Trade freedom 79.4 58.8
Investment freedom 60 55
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Tanzania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Tanzania
2026 69.8 59
2025 69.7 59.3
2024 68.4 59.1
2023 71.1 60
2022 73.8 59.5
2021 73.9 61.3
2020 73.3 61.7
2019 72 60.2
2018 71.8 59.9
2017 72.3 58.6
2016 71.7 58.5
2015 71.2 57.5
2014 72.4 57.8
2013 71.8 57.9
2012 70.3 57
2011 71.9 57
2010 71.6 58.3
2009 71.2 58.3
2008 71.4 56.5
2007 71.6 56.8
2006 71.1 58.5
2005 68.8 56.3
2004 67.6 60.1
2003 67.6 56.9
2002 67.4 58.3
2001 68.1 54.9
2000 68.4 56
1999 64 60
1998 65.4 59.6
1997 65.2 59.3
1996 68.9 57.5
1995 70 57.3

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 59 for Tanzania, ranking 106/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
29.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
28.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
23.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$80.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$4,130
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$1.72B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.57%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/tanzania | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.