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Economy of Austria vs Brazil compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $2.28T for Brazil, ranking 29/197 and 11/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $2.13T (93.3% of GDP) in Brazil.

Austria vs Brazil GDP by year

Austria
Brazil
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Brazil
2025 $579,470,021,095 $2,279,920,092,492
2024 $534,790,720,467 $2,185,821,610,689
2023 $516,670,509,629 $2,191,131,765,685
2022 $473,221,298,968 $1,951,923,942,083
2021 $480,466,363,177 $1,670,647,398,905
2020 $434,397,601,558 $1,476,107,231,310
2019 $442,983,642,372 $1,873,288,205,060
2018 $452,582,294,973 $1,916,933,898,011
2017 $414,926,138,133 $2,063,514,977,366
2016 $393,687,359,770 $1,795,693,482,853
2015 $379,546,097,301 $1,802,212,206,815
2014 $438,556,021,078 $2,456,043,727,199
2013 $426,580,502,769 $2,472,819,535,557
2012 $406,750,487,604 $2,465,227,802,807
2011 $428,954,737,064 $2,616,156,223,918
2010 $389,827,789,218 $2,208,837,745,101
2009 $399,290,118,782 $1,666,996,438,581
2008 $429,234,399,096 $1,695,855,083,498
2007 $386,760,177,589 $1,397,114,486,369
2006 $333,905,979,332 $1,107,626,541,435
2005 $313,952,317,331 $891,633,839,894
2004 $299,210,411,455 $669,289,424,806
2003 $260,779,834,340 $558,233,745,652
2002 $212,837,224,023 $509,795,273,807
2001 $196,477,206,829 $559,983,634,799
2000 $196,181,599,831 $655,448,231,984
1999 $216,421,809,126 $599,642,024,320
1998 $217,068,085,816 $863,710,759,256
1997 $211,724,812,267 $883,206,179,730
1996 $235,952,581,232 $850,426,432,992
1995 $240,094,169,510 $769,333,050,987
1994 $202,738,023,130 $525,369,467,296
1993 $189,634,029,339 $368,292,034,381
1992 $194,314,032,056 $328,191,909,882
1991 $173,113,449,617 $342,534,090,909
1990 $165,811,372,383 $384,959,818,182
1989 $132,584,448,258 $412,990,820,287
1988 $132,817,124,707 $307,881,930,752
1987 $123,682,091,859 $283,056,836,894
1986 $98,648,254,169 $256,480,852,471
1985 $69,114,996,010 $210,879,844,639
1984 $67,719,055,773 $188,339,974,087
1983 $71,838,528,420 $189,656,506,321
1982 $70,996,111,963 $271,314,113,768
1981 $70,755,997,062 $258,015,174,749
1980 $81,737,498,405 $237,393,489,893
1979 $73,647,694,287 $221,338,204,480
1978 $61,809,208,756 $200,278,646,124
1977 $51,343,861,460 $176,344,101,402
1976 $42,791,707,448 $153,168,949,208
1975 $39,902,300,703 $129,203,555,239
1974 $35,051,468,640 $109,794,519,728
1973 $29,399,860,145 $83,592,275,863
1972 $21,973,207,929 $58,434,858,375
1971 $17,788,536,733 $48,869,830,902
1970 $15,312,791,744 $42,327,664,794
1969 $13,647,475,854 $37,171,640,819
1968 $12,499,863,917 $33,930,457,425
1967 $11,634,569,522 $31,086,389,195
1966 $10,939,526,219 $28,283,323,733
1965 $10,041,659,445 $22,465,522,884
1964 $9,213,648,656 $20,963,733,695
1963 $8,414,050,621 $23,287,712,878
1962 $7,793,042,529 $19,231,747,852
1961 $7,346,566,038 $17,275,940,449
1960 $6,624,086,313 $17,030,465,539

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Brazil by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Brazil
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $10,713 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $10,311 $22,338
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $10,378 $21,176
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $9,281 $19,877
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $7,973 $18,076
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $7,074 $16,102
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $9,030 $16,070
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $9,301 $15,464
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $10,081 $14,559
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $8,836 $14,309
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $8,936 $14,821
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $12,275 $15,827
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $12,459 $15,722
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $12,522 $15,198
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $13,397 $15,212
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $11,403 $14,452
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $8,679 $13,391
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $8,908 $13,445
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $7,410 $12,673
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $5,934 $11,751
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $4,828 $11,081
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $3,664 $10,526
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $3,091 $9,802
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $2,856 $9,617
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $3,176 $9,304
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $3,767 $9,092
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $3,494 $8,635
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $5,106 $8,599
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $5,299 $8,602
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $5,179 $8,301
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $4,757 $8,097
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $3,299 $7,727
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $2,349 $7,260
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $2,127 $6,869
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $2,258 $6,867
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $2,581 $6,688
1989 $17,401 - $2,819 -
1988 $17,510 - $2,141 -
1987 $16,329 - $2,006 -
1986 $13,032 - $1,854 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,556 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,420 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,461 -
1982 $9,373 - $2,138 -
1981 $9,348 - $2,080 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,959 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,870 -
1978 $8,173 - $1,733 -
1977 $6,784 - $1,562 -
1976 $5,656 - $1,390 -
1975 $5,265 - $1,201 -
1974 $4,613 - $1,045 -
1973 $3,875 - $815 -
1972 $2,913 - $583 -
1971 $2,372 - $500 -
1970 $2,051 - $444 -
1969 $1,834 - $399 -
1968 $1,686 - $374 -
1967 $1,577 - $351 -
1966 $1,494 - $328 -
1965 $1,381 - $268 -
1964 $1,275 - $257.3 -
1963 $1,173 - $294.2 -
1962 $1,093 - $250.2 -
1961 $1,037 - $231.6 -
1960 $940 - $235.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $10,713 in Brazil, ranking 85/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338.

Economic indicators

Austria Brazil
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$2.28T
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
11/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
2.29%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$10,713
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
85/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$22,338
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
88/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$2.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
93.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$9,999
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
60/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$6,555
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$871B
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
386,000
2026
Number of billionaires
9
2026
70
2026
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
39.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1.3%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
47.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
5%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
14.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
5.83%
2025
Population
9201502
213964342

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Brazil
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Brazil
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 47.4% 93.3%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 45.5% 87%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 45.3% 84%
2022 53% 78.1% 43.4% 83.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 40.4% 88.9%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 46.2% 96%
2019 49.1% 71% 43% 87.1%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 44.2% 84.8%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 44.3% 82.7%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 45.5% 77.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 46.2% 71.7%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 41.4% 61.6%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 39.8% 59.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 39.3% 61.6%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 39.4% 60.6%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 39.5% 62.4%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 40.5% 64.7%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 39.9% 61.4%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 40.4% 63%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 42.6% 64.6%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 41.9% 67%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 39.7% 68%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 41.3% 71.5%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 44.5% 76.1%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 39.8% 67.3%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 34.5% 62.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 39.6% 44.5%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 40.9% 38.9%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 38.6% 31.8%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 38.2% 30.7%
1995 56.1% 68.2% - 28%
1994 54.3% 64.1% - 30%
1993 54.3% 61% - 32.6%
1992 49.3% 56.3% - 37.1%
1991 47.9% 56.4% - 38.1%
1990 46.8% 56.2% - 40.6%
1989 51.6% 56.6% - 40.2%
1988 53.1% 57.7% - 46.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% - 50.3%
1986 54.3% 52% 11.7% 49.4%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 11.1% 52.6%
1984 52.6% 46% 10% 55.8%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 9.7% 51.5%
1982 52% 39.7% 8.1% 32.8%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 7.8% 34.6%
1980 50% 35.6% 6.8% 39.7%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 9% 36.6%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 10.2% 37%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 10.4% 31%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 10.6% 31.8%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 10.7% 27.7%
1974 42% 16.8% 10.5% 25.7%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 11% 22.4%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 12.6% 22.5%
1971 40% 17.4% 11.7% 17.9%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 11.4% 17%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 11.2% 16.5%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 14.4% 15.8%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 13.5% 13.8%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 14.6% 19.6%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 14% 17.6%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 25.4% 22.2%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 22.8% 20.4%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 23.1% 23.7%
1961 35.7% 16% 12% 25.7%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 13.7% 22.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Brazil spent $1.08T, or 47.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 93.3% in Brazil, ranking 42/185 and 29/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Brazil
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Brazil
2025 -4.52% -8.07%
2024 -4.68% -6.17%
2023 -2.59% -7.71%
2022 -3.41% -3.96%
2021 -5.69% -2.63%
2020 -8.2% -11.6%
2019 0.54% -4.86%
2018 0.2% -6.99%
2017 -0.78% -7.97%
2016 -1.45% -7.99%
2015 -0.48% -9.28%
2014 -1.92% -6.27%
2013 -1.99% -3.42%
2012 -2.18% -2.35%
2011 -2.48% -2.74%
2010 -4.46% -3.55%
2009 -5.38% -4.23%
2008 -1.57% -2.39%
2007 -1.56% -2.66%
2006 -2.61% -4.87%
2005 -2.59% -3.36%
2004 -4.94% -2.95%
2003 -1.84% -5.4%
2002 -1.43% -4.15%
2001 -0.71% -3.47%
2000 -2.07% -3.32%
1999 -2.63% -5.17%
1998 -2.68% -7.22%
1997 -2.38% -5.6%
1996 -4.38% -5.35%
1995 -6.17% -
1994 -5.04% -
1993 -4.57% -
1992 -2.15% -
1991 -2.96% -
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -1.6%
1985 -2.71% -1.3%
1984 -2.67% -0.4%
1983 -4.22% 0.1%
1982 -3.29% 1.4%
1981 -1.79% 1%
1980 -1.62% 2.5%
1979 -2.3% 0.4%
1978 -2.67% -0.1%
1977 -2.11% 0.1%
1976 -3.61% 0.1%
1975 -2.41% 0%
1974 1.23% 0.6%
1973 1.24% 0.1%
1972 1.97% -0.1%
1971 1.46% -0.3%
1970 1.16% -0.4%
1969 -0.08% -0.6%
1968 -0.83% -1.6%
1967 -0.56% -2.1%
1966 1.73% -1.3%
1965 1.38% -2%
1964 0.48% -8.79%
1963 -0.5% -5.78%
1962 1.12% -6.82%
1961 1.68% -2.93%
1960 -0.49% -3.85%
1959 -2.16% -0.18%
1958 -3.52% -0.76%
1957 -0.7% -0.29%
1956 -0.78% -0.14%
1955 -0.5% -0.62%
1954 -0.35% -0.49%
1953 -0.24% -1.26%
1952 -0.73% 0.64%
1951 -1.57% 0.87%
1950 -7.72% -1.58%
1949 -9.23% -1.22%
1948 -9.3% 0.002%
1947 - 0.25%
1946 - -1.78%
1945 - -2.87%
1944 - -2.37%
1943 - -0.75%
1942 - -2.55%
1941 - -2.15%
1940 - -1.13%
1939 - -1.2%
1938 - -0.59%
1937 -2.84% -1.62%
1936 -3.91% -0.27%
1935 -5.46% -0.5%
1934 -5.28% -2.28%
1933 -3.55% -1.56%
1932 -9.16% -6.47%
1931 -11.5% -1.56%
1930 -9.68% -3.58%
1929 -6.83% -0.09%
1928 -7.63% 0.57%
1927 -7.3% 0.12%
1926 -6.18% -0.76%
1925 -4.96% -0.07%
1924 -5.69% -0.45%
1923 - -1.94%
1922 - -3.8%
1921 - -2.98%
1920 - -3.11%
1919 - -3.69%
1918 - -4.51%
1917 - -4.8%
1916 - -4.35%
1915 - -6.33%
1914 - -7.32%
1913 - -1.91%
1912 -0.69% -3.05%
1911 0.03% -2.15%
1910 -0.42% -2.06%
1909 -5.51% -1.62%
1908 -1.24% -1.89%
1907 -2.73% 0.38%
1906 -0.05% 0.28%
1905 -0.71% 0.96%
1904 -1.12% -0.62%
1903 -0.97% 1.79%
1902 -0.75% 1.59%
1901 -0.56% -2.46%
1900 -0.05% -5.57%
1899 -0.08% -2.13%
1898 -0.17% -14%
1897 0.1% -2.38%
1896 0.03% -0.79%
1895 0.36% -1.33%
1894 -1.16% -4.11%
1893 -1.31% -1.77%
1892 -0.86% -2.6%
1891 -4.01% 0.51%
1890 -0.26% -3.02%
1889 -1.61% -3.79%
1888 -0.97% 0.63%
1887 -1.09% -0.76%
1886 -0.43% -3.8%
1885 -0.57% -5.71%
1884 -6.43% -3.89%
1883 -0.69% -3.33%
1882 -1.06% -1.58%
1881 -3.91% -1.9%
1880 -1.4% -4.84%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Brazil's deficit of $184B, or 8.07% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Brazil ran a deficit in 47 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.32% of GDP for Brazil.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Brazil
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Brazil
2025 3.53% 5%
2024 2.94% 4.4%
2023 7.81% 4.6%
2022 8.55% 9.3%
2021 2.77% 8.3%
2020 1.38% 3.2%
2019 1.53% 3.7%
2018 2% 3.7%
2017 2.08% 3.4%
2016 0.89% 8.7%
2015 0.9% 9%
2014 1.61% 6.3%
2013 2% 6.2%
2012 2.49% 5.4%
2011 3.29% 6.6%
2010 1.81% 5%
2009 0.51% 4.9%
2008 3.22% 5.7%
2007 2.17% 3.6%
2006 1.44% 4.2%
2005 2.3% 6.9%
2004 2.06% 6.6%
2003 1.36% 14.7%
2002 1.81% 8.4%
2001 2.65% 6.8%
2000 2.34% 7%
1999 0.57% 4.9%
1998 0.92% 3.2%
1997 1.31% 6.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 6.09% in Brazil. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 5% in Brazil.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $451M
Chemicals & pharma $354M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $227M
Metals $116M
Transport & tourism services $59.6M
Business & finance services $56.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $50.3M
Raw materials & minerals $17.8M
IT & IP services $17.4M
Wood & paper products $12.4M
Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $68.3M
Machinery & equipment $36.2M
Wood & paper products $16.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.1M
Metals $5.67M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.63M
Chemicals & pharma $2.05M
Animal & marine products $872K
Raw agricultural goods $421K
Weapons & explosives $344K

Balance of trade

Austria Brazil
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
-$66.7B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
188/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
-2.93%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$291B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$351B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$105B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$54.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
17.5%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
17.8%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Brazil
Economic freedom 69.8 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 148/197
Property rights 95.7 49.2
Government integrity 75 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 55.6
Tax burden 45.7 70.6
Government spending 12.8 39.8
Fiscal health 67.1 28
Business freedom 78.7 65.7
Labor freedom 81.6 57
Monetary freedom 76.4 76
Trade freedom 79.4 69
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Brazil
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Brazil
2026 69.8 52.4
2025 69.7 55.1
2024 68.4 53.2
2023 71.1 53.5
2022 73.8 53.3
2021 73.9 53.4
2020 73.3 53.7
2019 72 51.9
2018 71.8 51.4
2017 72.3 52.9
2016 71.7 56.5
2015 71.2 56.6
2014 72.4 56.9
2013 71.8 57.7
2012 70.3 57.9
2011 71.9 56.3
2010 71.6 55.6
2009 71.2 56.7
2008 71.4 56.2
2007 71.6 56.2
2006 71.1 60.9
2005 68.8 61.7
2004 67.6 62
2003 67.6 63.4
2002 67.4 61.5
2001 68.1 61.9
2000 68.4 61.1
1999 64 61.3
1998 65.4 52.3
1997 65.2 52.6
1996 68.9 48.1
1995 70 51.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 52.4 for Brazil, ranking 148/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Brazil
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
59.7%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
20.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
6.09%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$2.25T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$22,670
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$359B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
13/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$47.5B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$74.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$26.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
4.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
17.1%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.