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Economy of Austria vs Brazil compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $2.19T for Brazil, ranking 30/197 and 10/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $1.91T (87.3% of GDP) in Brazil.

Austria vs Brazil GDP by year

Austria
Brazil
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Brazil
2024 $534,790,720,467 $2,185,821,648,944
2023 $516,670,509,629 $2,191,131,869,706
2022 $473,221,298,968 $1,951,923,832,084
2021 $480,466,363,177 $1,670,647,464,063
2020 $434,397,601,558 $1,476,107,292,152
2019 $442,983,642,372 $1,873,288,158,839
2018 $452,582,294,973 $1,916,933,708,353
2017 $414,926,138,133 $2,063,514,688,806
2016 $393,687,359,770 $1,795,693,265,999
2015 $379,546,097,301 $1,802,211,999,456
2014 $438,556,021,078 $2,456,043,766,032
2013 $426,580,502,769 $2,472,819,362,044
2012 $406,750,487,604 $2,465,228,293,707
2011 $428,954,737,064 $2,616,156,606,579
2010 $389,827,789,218 $2,208,838,108,484
2009 $399,290,118,782 $1,666,996,294,252
2008 $429,234,399,096 $1,695,855,391,758
2007 $386,760,177,589 $1,397,114,247,189
2006 $333,905,979,332 $1,107,626,711,163
2005 $313,952,317,331 $891,633,826,625
2004 $299,210,411,455 $669,289,321,945
2003 $260,779,834,340 $558,233,724,165
2002 $212,837,224,023 $509,795,270,685
2001 $196,477,206,829 $559,983,704,094
2000 $196,181,599,831 $655,448,188,259
1999 $216,421,809,126 $599,642,075,004
1998 $217,068,085,816 $863,711,007,325
1997 $211,724,812,267 $883,206,452,795
1996 $235,952,581,232 $850,426,433,004
1995 $240,094,169,510 $769,333,330,412
1994 $202,738,023,130 $525,369,851,354
1993 $189,634,029,339 $368,295,778,245
1992 $194,314,032,056 $328,187,960,872
1991 $173,113,449,617 $342,609,231,343
1990 $165,811,372,383 $390,725,626,003
1989 $132,584,448,258 $412,990,820,287
1988 $132,817,124,707 $307,881,930,752
1987 $123,682,091,859 $283,056,836,894
1986 $98,648,254,169 $256,480,852,471
1985 $69,114,996,010 $210,879,844,639
1984 $67,719,055,773 $188,339,974,087
1983 $71,838,528,420 $189,656,506,321
1982 $70,996,111,963 $271,314,113,768
1981 $70,755,997,062 $258,015,174,749
1980 $81,737,498,405 $237,393,489,893
1979 $73,647,694,287 $221,338,204,480
1978 $61,809,208,756 $200,278,646,124
1977 $51,343,861,460 $176,344,101,402
1976 $42,791,707,448 $153,168,949,208
1975 $39,902,300,703 $129,203,555,239
1974 $35,051,468,640 $109,794,519,728
1973 $29,399,860,145 $83,592,275,863
1972 $21,973,207,929 $58,434,858,375
1971 $17,788,536,733 $48,869,830,902
1970 $15,312,791,744 $42,327,664,794
1969 $13,647,475,854 $37,171,640,819
1968 $12,499,863,917 $33,930,457,425
1967 $11,634,569,522 $31,086,389,195
1966 $10,939,526,219 $28,283,323,733
1965 $10,041,659,445 $22,465,522,884
1964 $9,213,648,656 $20,963,733,695
1963 $8,414,050,621 $23,287,712,878
1962 $7,793,042,529 $19,231,747,852
1961 $7,346,566,038 $17,275,940,449
1960 $6,624,086,313 $17,030,465,539

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Brazil by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Brazil
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $10,311 $22,338
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $10,378 $21,176
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $9,281 $19,877
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $7,973 $18,076
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $7,074 $16,102
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $9,030 $16,070
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $9,301 $15,464
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $10,081 $14,559
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $8,836 $14,309
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $8,936 $14,821
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $12,275 $15,827
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $12,459 $15,722
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $12,522 $15,198
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $13,397 $15,212
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $11,403 $14,452
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $8,679 $13,391
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $8,908 $13,445
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $7,410 $12,673
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $5,934 $11,751
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $4,828 $11,081
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $3,664 $10,526
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $3,091 $9,802
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $2,856 $9,617
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $3,176 $9,304
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $3,767 $9,092
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $3,494 $8,635
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $5,106 $8,599
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $5,299 $8,602
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $5,179 $8,301
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $4,757 $8,097
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $3,299 $7,727
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $2,349 $7,260
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $2,127 $6,869
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $2,258 $6,867
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $2,620 $6,688
1989 $17,401 - $2,819 -
1988 $17,510 - $2,141 -
1987 $16,329 - $2,006 -
1986 $13,032 - $1,854 -
1985 $9,136 - $1,556 -
1984 $8,956 - $1,420 -
1983 $9,500 - $1,461 -
1982 $9,373 - $2,138 -
1981 $9,348 - $2,080 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,959 -
1979 $9,755 - $1,870 -
1978 $8,173 - $1,733 -
1977 $6,784 - $1,562 -
1976 $5,656 - $1,390 -
1975 $5,265 - $1,201 -
1974 $4,613 - $1,045 -
1973 $3,875 - $815 -
1972 $2,913 - $583 -
1971 $2,372 - $500 -
1970 $2,051 - $444 -
1969 $1,834 - $399 -
1968 $1,686 - $374 -
1967 $1,577 - $351 -
1966 $1,494 - $328 -
1965 $1,381 - $268 -
1964 $1,275 - $257.3 -
1963 $1,173 - $294.2 -
1962 $1,093 - $250.2 -
1961 $1,037 - $231.6 -
1960 $940 - $235.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $10,311 in Brazil, ranking 85/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338.

Economic indicators

Austria Brazil
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$2.19T
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
10/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
3.42%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$10,311
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
85/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$22,338
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
88/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$1.91T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
87.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$8,999
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
60/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$6,263
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$659B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
433,000
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2025
56
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
40.8%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1.3%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
45.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
4.4%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
15%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
6.8%
2024
Population
9163419
213824938

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Brazil
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Brazil
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 45.7% 87.3%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 45.3% 84%
2022 53% 78.4% 43.4% 83.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 40.4% 88.9%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 46.2% 96%
2019 49.1% 71% 43% 87.1%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 44.2% 84.8%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 44.3% 82.7%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 45.5% 77.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 46.2% 71.7%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 41.4% 61.6%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 39.8% 59.6%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 39.3% 61.6%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 39.4% 60.6%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 39.5% 62.4%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 40.5% 64.7%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 39.9% 61.4%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 40.4% 63%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 42.6% 64.6%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 41.9% 67%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 39.7% 68%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 41.3% 71.5%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 44.5% 76.1%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 39.8% 67.3%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 34.5% 62.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 39.6% 44.5%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 40.9% 38.9%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 38.6% 31.8%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 38.2% 30.7%
1995 56.1% 68.2% - 28%
1994 54.3% 64.1% - 30%
1993 54.3% 61% - 32.6%
1992 49.3% 56.3% - 37.1%
1991 47.9% 56.4% - 38.1%
1990 46.8% 56.2% - 40.6%
1989 51.6% 56.6% - 40.2%
1988 53.1% 57.7% - 46.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% - 50.3%
1986 54.3% 52% 11.7% 49.4%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 11.1% 52.6%
1984 52.6% 46% 10% 55.8%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 9.7% 51.5%
1982 52% 39.7% 8.1% 32.8%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 7.8% 34.6%
1980 50% 35.6% 6.8% 39.7%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 9% 36.6%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 10.2% 37%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 10.4% 31%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 10.6% 31.8%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 10.7% 27.7%
1974 42% 16.8% 10.5% 25.7%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 11% 22.4%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 12.6% 22.5%
1971 40% 17.4% 11.7% 17.9%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 11.4% 17%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 11.2% 16.5%
1968 40.9% 16.8% 14.4% 15.8%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 13.5% 13.8%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 14.6% 19.6%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 14% 17.6%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 25.4% 22.2%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 22.8% 20.4%
1962 37.6% 15.5% 23.1% 23.7%
1961 35.7% 16% 12% 25.7%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 13.7% 22.3%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Brazil spent $998B, or 45.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 87.3% in Brazil, ranking 44/185 and 38/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Brazil
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Brazil
2024 -4.64% -6.19%
2023 -2.62% -7.71%
2022 -3.31% -3.96%
2021 -5.69% -2.63%
2020 -8.2% -11.6%
2019 0.54% -4.86%
2018 0.2% -6.99%
2017 -0.78% -7.97%
2016 -1.45% -7.99%
2015 -0.48% -9.28%
2014 -1.92% -6.27%
2013 -1.99% -3.42%
2012 -2.18% -2.35%
2011 -2.48% -2.74%
2010 -4.46% -3.55%
2009 -5.38% -4.23%
2008 -1.57% -2.39%
2007 -1.56% -2.66%
2006 -2.61% -4.87%
2005 -2.59% -3.36%
2004 -4.94% -2.95%
2003 -1.84% -5.4%
2002 -1.43% -4.15%
2001 -0.71% -3.47%
2000 -2.07% -3.32%
1999 -2.63% -5.17%
1998 -2.68% -7.22%
1997 -2.38% -5.6%
1996 -4.38% -5.35%
1995 -6.17% -
1994 -5.04% -
1993 -4.57% -
1992 -2.15% -
1991 -2.96% -
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -1.6%
1985 -2.71% -1.3%
1984 -2.67% -0.4%
1983 -4.22% 0.1%
1982 -3.29% 1.4%
1981 -1.79% 1%
1980 -1.62% 2.5%
1979 -2.3% 0.4%
1978 -2.67% -0.1%
1977 -2.11% 0.1%
1976 -3.61% 0.1%
1975 -2.41% 0%
1974 1.23% 0.6%
1973 1.24% 0.1%
1972 1.97% -0.1%
1971 1.46% -0.3%
1970 1.16% -0.4%
1969 -0.08% -0.6%
1968 -0.83% -1.6%
1967 -0.56% -2.1%
1966 1.73% -1.3%
1965 1.38% -2%
1964 0.48% -8.79%
1963 -0.5% -5.78%
1962 1.12% -6.82%
1961 1.68% -2.93%
1960 -0.49% -3.85%
1959 -2.16% -0.18%
1958 -3.52% -0.76%
1957 -0.7% -0.29%
1956 -0.78% -0.14%
1955 -0.5% -0.62%
1954 -0.35% -0.49%
1953 -0.24% -1.26%
1952 -0.73% 0.64%
1951 -1.57% 0.87%
1950 -7.72% -1.58%
1949 -9.23% -1.22%
1948 -9.3% 0.002%
1947 - 0.25%
1946 - -1.78%
1945 - -2.87%
1944 - -2.37%
1943 - -0.75%
1942 - -2.55%
1941 - -2.15%
1940 - -1.13%
1939 - -1.2%
1938 - -0.59%
1937 -2.84% -1.62%
1936 -3.91% -0.27%
1935 -5.46% -0.5%
1934 -5.28% -2.28%
1933 -3.55% -1.56%
1932 -9.16% -6.47%
1931 -11.5% -1.56%
1930 -9.68% -3.58%
1929 -6.83% -0.09%
1928 -7.63% 0.57%
1927 -7.3% 0.12%
1926 -6.18% -0.76%
1925 -4.96% -0.07%
1924 -5.69% -0.45%
1923 - -1.94%
1922 - -3.8%
1921 - -2.98%
1920 - -3.11%
1919 - -3.69%
1918 - -4.51%
1917 - -4.8%
1916 - -4.35%
1915 - -6.33%
1914 - -7.32%
1913 - -1.91%
1912 -0.69% -3.05%
1911 0.03% -2.15%
1910 -0.42% -2.06%
1909 -5.51% -1.62%
1908 -1.24% -1.89%
1907 -2.73% 0.38%
1906 -0.05% 0.28%
1905 -0.71% 0.96%
1904 -1.12% -0.62%
1903 -0.97% 1.79%
1902 -0.75% 1.59%
1901 -0.56% -2.46%
1900 -0.05% -5.57%
1899 -0.08% -2.13%
1898 -0.17% -14%
1897 0.1% -2.38%
1896 0.03% -0.79%
1895 0.36% -1.33%
1894 -1.16% -4.11%
1893 -1.31% -1.77%
1892 -0.86% -2.6%
1891 -4.01% 0.51%
1890 -0.26% -3.02%
1889 -1.61% -3.79%
1888 -0.97% 0.63%
1887 -1.09% -0.76%
1886 -0.43% -3.8%
1885 -0.57% -5.71%
1884 -6.43% -3.89%
1883 -0.69% -3.33%
1882 -1.06% -1.58%
1881 -3.91% -1.9%
1880 -1.4% -4.84%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Brazil's deficit of $135B, or 6.19% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Brazil ran a deficit in 46 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.24% of GDP for Brazil.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Brazil
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Brazil
2024 2.94% 4.4%
2023 7.81% 4.6%
2022 8.55% 9.3%
2021 2.77% 8.3%
2020 1.38% 3.2%
2019 1.53% 3.7%
2018 2% 3.7%
2017 2.08% 3.4%
2016 0.89% 8.7%
2015 0.9% 9%
2014 1.61% 6.3%
2013 2% 6.2%
2012 2.49% 5.4%
2011 3.29% 6.6%
2010 1.81% 5%
2009 0.51% 4.9%
2008 3.22% 5.7%
2007 2.17% 3.6%
2006 1.44% 4.2%
2005 2.3% 6.9%
2004 2.06% 6.6%
2003 1.36% 14.7%
2002 1.81% 8.4%
2001 2.65% 6.8%
2000 2.34% 7%
1999 0.57% 4.9%
1998 0.92% 3.2%
1997 1.31% 6.9%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 6.13% in Brazil. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 4.4% in Brazil.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $437M
Chemicals & pharma $336M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $176M
Metals $110M
Business & finance services $51.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $43.1M
Transport & tourism services $20M
Raw materials & minerals $16.9M
Wood & paper products $13M
IT & IP services $11.7M
Brazil
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $35.8M
Wood & paper products $20.6M
Metals $7.96M
Raw materials & minerals $6.94M
Chemicals & pharma $2.62M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.4M
Raw agricultural goods $1.23M
Animal & marine products $1.16M
Precious metals & jewellery $458K

Balance of trade

Austria Brazil
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$66.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
188/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-3.03%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$274B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$340B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$103B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$48.1B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
17.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
17.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Brazil
Economic freedom 69.8 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 148/197
Property rights 95.7 49.2
Government integrity 75 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 55.6
Tax burden 45.7 70.6
Government spending 12.8 39.8
Fiscal health 67.1 28
Business freedom 78.7 65.7
Labor freedom 81.6 57
Monetary freedom 76.4 76
Trade freedom 79.4 69
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Brazil
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Brazil
2026 69.8 52.4
2025 69.7 55.1
2024 68.4 53.2
2023 71.1 53.5
2022 73.8 53.3
2021 73.9 53.4
2020 73.3 53.7
2019 72 51.9
2018 71.8 51.4
2017 72.3 52.9
2016 71.7 56.5
2015 71.2 56.6
2014 72.4 56.9
2013 71.8 57.7
2012 70.3 57.9
2011 71.9 56.3
2010 71.6 55.6
2009 71.2 56.7
2008 71.4 56.2
2007 71.6 56.2
2006 71.1 60.9
2005 68.8 61.7
2004 67.6 62
2003 67.6 63.4
2002 67.4 61.5
2001 68.1 61.9
2000 68.4 61.1
1999 64 61.3
1998 65.4 52.3
1997 65.2 52.6
1996 68.9 48.1
1995 70 51.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 52.4 for Brazil, ranking 148/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Brazil
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
20.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
5.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$2.11T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$21,590
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$330B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
11/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$47.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$74.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$26.3B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.4%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
4.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
17%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/brazil | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.