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Economy of Austria vs Peru compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $335B for Peru, ranking 29/197 and 47/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $101B (30.2% of GDP) in Peru.

Austria vs Peru GDP by year

Austria
Peru
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Peru
2025 $579,470,021,095 $334,854,659,182
2024 $534,790,720,467 $291,751,523,019
2023 $516,670,509,629 $268,025,009,709
2022 $473,221,298,968 $246,169,867,863
2021 $480,466,363,177 $226,406,075,009
2020 $434,397,601,558 $201,409,694,756
2019 $442,983,642,372 $228,346,006,004
2018 $452,582,294,973 $222,597,009,739
2017 $414,926,138,133 $211,007,984,081
2016 $393,687,359,770 $191,898,104,390
2015 $379,546,097,301 $189,802,976,286
2014 $438,556,021,078 $200,786,250,583
2013 $426,580,502,769 $201,175,543,571
2012 $406,750,487,604 $192,650,021,649
2011 $428,954,737,064 $171,761,737,047
2010 $389,827,789,218 $147,527,631,521
2009 $399,290,118,782 $120,822,986,521
2008 $429,234,399,096 $120,550,599,815
2007 $386,760,177,589 $102,170,981,144
2006 $333,905,979,332 $88,643,193,062
2005 $313,952,317,331 $76,060,606,061
2004 $299,210,411,455 $66,768,703,498
2003 $260,779,834,340 $58,731,030,122
2002 $212,837,224,023 $54,777,553,515
2001 $196,477,206,829 $52,030,158,775
2000 $196,181,599,831 $51,744,749,133
1999 $216,421,809,126 $50,187,324,568
1998 $217,068,085,816 $55,501,467,877
1997 $211,724,812,267 $58,147,522,523
1996 $235,952,581,232 $55,252,414,130
1995 $240,094,169,510 $53,312,793,687
1994 $202,738,023,130 $44,882,079,767
1993 $189,634,029,339 $34,832,077,221
1992 $194,314,032,056 $35,966,302,303
1991 $173,113,449,617 $34,341,465,998
1990 $165,811,372,383 $26,410,386,963
1989 $132,584,448,258 $22,499,558,526
1988 $132,817,124,707 $15,439,408,447
1987 $123,682,091,859 $36,889,706,593
1986 $98,648,254,169 $21,859,448,586
1985 $69,114,996,010 $15,078,736,875
1984 $67,719,055,773 $17,600,400,385
1983 $71,838,528,420 $17,345,260,564
1982 $70,996,111,963 $21,794,535,621
1981 $70,755,997,062 $21,648,214,893
1980 $81,737,498,405 $18,136,838,538
1979 $73,647,694,287 $15,954,012,439
1978 $61,809,208,756 $12,491,876,743
1977 $51,343,861,460 $14,544,913,961
1976 $42,791,707,448 $16,131,958,851
1975 $39,902,300,703 $16,931,162,355
1974 $35,051,468,640 $13,858,441,211
1973 $29,399,860,145 $10,994,381,895
1972 $21,973,207,929 $9,189,413,409
1971 $17,788,536,733 $8,289,582,884
1970 $15,312,791,744 $7,432,223,177
1969 $13,647,475,854 $6,420,909,790
1968 $12,499,863,917 $5,736,083,835
1967 $11,634,569,522 $6,194,340,080
1966 $10,939,526,219 $6,109,048,737
1965 $10,041,659,445 $5,163,008,077
1964 $9,213,648,656 $4,353,664,867
1963 $8,414,050,621 $3,598,272,493
1962 $7,793,042,529 $3,284,322,201
1961 $7,346,566,038 $2,897,852,693
1960 $6,624,086,313 $2,571,986,572

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Peru by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Peru
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Peru
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $9,684 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $8,526 $17,802
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $7,919 $17,011
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $7,354 $16,669
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $6,829 $15,281
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $6,133 $12,563
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $7,037 $13,564
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $6,978 $13,078
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $6,736 $12,592
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $6,217 $12,067
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $6,232 $11,600
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $6,667 $11,518
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $6,747 $11,291
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $6,519 $10,757
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $5,861 $10,463
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $5,072 $9,713
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $4,181 $8,917
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $4,198 $8,820
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $3,581 $7,982
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $3,130 $7,214
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $2,707 $6,560
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $2,397 $6,038
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $2,129 $5,657
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $2,007 $5,383
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $1,930 $5,086
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,945 $5,012
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $1,917 $4,847
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $2,156 $4,791
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $2,301 $4,844
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $2,227 $4,556
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $2,190 $4,435
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $1,879 $4,123
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $1,488 $3,666
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $1,567 $3,472
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $1,527 $3,484
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $1,200 $3,367
1989 $17,401 - $1,045 -
1988 $17,510 - $733 -
1987 $16,329 - $1,792 -
1986 $13,032 - $1,087 -
1985 $9,136 - $767 -
1984 $8,956 - $918 -
1983 $9,500 - $927 -
1982 $9,373 - $1,194 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,216 -
1980 $10,827 - $1,045 -
1979 $9,755 - $942 -
1978 $8,173 - $756 -
1977 $6,784 - $903 -
1976 $5,656 - $1,026 -
1975 $5,265 - $1,104 -
1974 $4,613 - $927 -
1973 $3,875 - $754 -
1972 $2,913 - $647 -
1971 $2,372 - $599 -
1970 $2,051 - $550 -
1969 $1,834 - $488 -
1968 $1,686 - $448 -
1967 $1,577 - $498 -
1966 $1,494 - $505 -
1965 $1,381 - $439 -
1964 $1,275 - $381 -
1963 $1,173 - $324 -
1962 $1,093 - $305 -
1961 $1,037 - $276.6 -
1960 $940 - $252.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $9,684 in Peru, ranking 90/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Peru ranks 104th at $17,802.

Economic indicators

Austria Peru
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$335B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
47/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
3.43%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$9,684
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
90/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$17,802
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
104/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$101B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
30.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$2,927
2025
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
107/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$7,143
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$105B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
30.3%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
21.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
1.53%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
4.32%
2025
Population
9201502
35105331

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Peru
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Peru
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% 21.4% 30.2%
2024 55.2% 79.2% 22.2% 32.1%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 22.1% 32.4%
2022 53% 78.1% 23.1% 33.5%
2021 56% 82.4% 23.1% 35.5%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 25.7% 34.3%
2019 49.1% 71% 20.8% 26.5%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 21% 25.7%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 20.6% 24.8%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 20.5% 23.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 22% 23.7%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 22.4% 20.5%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 21.5% 19.9%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 20.3% 20.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 19.8% 23.1%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 21% 25.1%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 21.3% 28.2%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 19.9% 28.1%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 18.6% 31.9%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 19.2% 34.9%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 20.4% 40.4%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 19.6% 46.7%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 20.1% 49.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 19.6% 45.5%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 20.9% 43.8%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 21.7% 44.9%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 17.8% 41.1%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 16.3% 36.8%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 15.6% 34.5%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 16.5% 37.4%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 17.5% 36.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 16.9% 41.9%
1993 54.3% 61% 18.2% 49.9%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 19.1% 46.8%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 15.7% 48.3%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 20.4% 56.3%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 12.1% 34.9%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 12.8% 42.8%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 15.5% 39.1%
1986 54.3% 52% 16.6% 48.6%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 17.2% 63.4%
1984 52.6% 46% 18.3% 56.7%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 19.4% 56.2%
1982 52% 39.7% 17.6% 34.2%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 18.4% 30.6%
1980 50% 35.6% 19.3% 36.3%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 16.4% 45.9%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 19% 56%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 19.4% 44.8%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 21.1% 34.5%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 19.8% 27%
1974 42% 16.8% 17.7% 24%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 19.5% 22.6%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 15.3% 20.6%
1971 40% 17.4% 15% 19%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 14.3% 20%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 16.4% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 18.4% 15.2%
1967 40.7% 15.6% 19.1% 12.1%
1966 38.7% 14.1% 18.6% 17%
1965 38.3% 14.8% 18.7% 14.5%
1964 38.7% 15.5% 16.9% 14.1%
1963 38.6% 15.6% 16.2% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% 14.6% -
1961 35.7% 16% 14.8% 16%
1960 36.3% 17.7% 13.3% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Peru spent $71.7B, or 21.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 30.2% in Peru, ranking 42/185 and 154/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Peru
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Peru
2025 -4.52% -2.36%
2024 -4.68% -3.53%
2023 -2.59% -2.74%
2022 -3.41% -1.38%
2021 -5.69% -2.49%
2020 -8.2% -8.19%
2019 0.54% -1.37%
2018 0.2% -1.94%
2017 -0.78% -2.79%
2016 -1.45% -2.12%
2015 -0.48% -2.02%
2014 -1.92% -0.19%
2013 -1.99% 0.75%
2012 -2.18% 2.07%
2011 -2.48% 2.05%
2010 -4.46% -0.02%
2009 -5.38% -1.48%
2008 -1.57% 2.48%
2007 -1.56% 3.35%
2006 -2.61% 2.03%
2005 -2.59% -0.44%
2004 -4.94% -1.03%
2003 -1.84% -1.62%
2002 -1.43% -1.4%
2001 -0.71% -2.15%
2000 -2.07% -2.12%
1999 -2.63% -2.93%
1998 -2.68% -0.2%
1997 -2.38% 0.47%
1996 -4.38% -0.25%
1995 -6.17% -2.05%
1994 -5.04% -1.9%
1993 -4.57% -2.82%
1992 -2.15% -3.55%
1991 -2.96% -1.98%
1990 -2.58% -7.99%
1989 -3.07% -1.3%
1988 -3.43% -3.57%
1987 -4.33% -6.26%
1986 -3.84% -4.08%
1985 -2.71% -2.41%
1984 -2.67% -4.45%
1983 -4.22% -7.52%
1982 -3.29% -3.22%
1981 -1.79% -3.98%
1980 -1.62% -2.36%
1979 -2.3% -0.54%
1978 -2.67% -5.07%
1977 -2.11% -6.52%
1976 -3.61% -8.37%
1975 -2.41% -6.54%
1974 1.23% -4.47%
1973 1.24% -6.68%
1972 1.97% -2.04%
1971 1.46% -1.89%
1970 1.16% -0.42%
1969 -0.08% -1.1%
1968 -0.83% -3.28%
1967 -0.56% -3.76%
1966 1.73% -5.41%
1965 1.38% -4.79%
1964 0.48% -3.37%
1963 -0.5% -1.86%
1962 1.12% 2.16%
1961 1.68% 2.46%
1960 -0.49% 3.32%
1959 -2.16% -1.46%
1958 -3.52% -2.63%
1957 -0.7% -2.23%
1956 -0.78% -0.93%
1955 -0.5% 0.06%
1954 -0.35% -0.66%
1953 -0.24% -2.35%
1952 -0.73% 0.04%
1951 -1.57% 0.61%
1950 -7.72% 0.08%
1949 -9.23% 0.26%
1948 -9.3% -0.84%
1947 - -0.54%
1946 - -1.39%
1945 - 0%
1944 - 0%
1943 - 0.18%
1942 - -2.38%
1941 - -1.76%
1940 - 0.27%
1939 - -1.01%
1938 - -1.57%
1937 -2.84% 0.18%
1936 -3.91% 0.18%
1935 -5.46% 0.09%
1934 -5.28% 0.11%
1933 -3.55% 0.02%
1932 -9.16% -0.57%
1931 -11.5% -0.28%
1930 -9.68% -0.67%
1929 -6.83% 0.008%
1928 -7.63% -1.88%
1927 -7.3% 0%
1926 -6.18% -1.84%
1925 -4.96% -1.69%
1924 -5.69% -1.31%
1923 - -0.85%
1922 - -1.24%
1921 - -1.53%
1920 - -0.4%
1919 - -0.26%
1918 - -0.34%
1917 - -0.25%
1916 - 0.27%
1915 - -0.74%
1914 - -1.59%
1913 - -3.04%
1912 -0.69% -0.45%
1911 0.03% 0.32%
1910 -0.42% 0.16%
1909 -5.51% -0.33%
1908 -1.24% -0.18%
1907 -2.73% 0.18%
1906 -0.05% 0.38%
1905 -0.71% 0.2%
1904 -1.12% 0.22%
1903 -0.97% 0.24%
1902 -0.75% 0.26%
1901 -0.56% 0.26%
1900 -0.05% 0%
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 4.52% of GDP. This compares to Peru's deficit of $7.9B, or 2.36% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 54 of those years, while Peru ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.26% of GDP for Peru.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Peru
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Peru
2025 3.53% 1.53%
2024 2.94% 2.01%
2023 7.81% 6.46%
2022 8.55% 8.33%
2021 2.77% 4.27%
2020 1.38% 2%
2019 1.53% 2.25%
2018 2% 1.51%
2017 2.08% 2.99%
2016 0.89% 3.56%
2015 0.9% 3.4%
2014 1.61% 3.41%
2013 2% 2.77%
2012 2.49% 3.61%
2011 3.29% 3.37%
2010 1.81% 1.53%
2009 0.51% 2.94%
2008 3.22% 5.79%
2007 2.17% 1.78%
2006 1.44% 2%
2005 2.3% 1.62%
2004 2.06% 3.66%
2003 1.36% 2.26%
2002 1.81% 0.19%
2001 2.65% 1.98%
2000 2.34% 3.76%
1999 0.57% 3.47%
1998 0.92% 7.25%
1997 1.31% 8.56%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 3.39% in Peru. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and 1.53% in Peru.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $38.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $10.7M
Chemicals & pharma $8.47M
Metals $8.18M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3.08M
Wood & paper products $2.8M
Miscellaneous $1.56M
Raw materials & minerals $684K
Animal & marine products $269K
Precious metals & jewellery $90K
Peru
Export category Export value
Metals $2.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $946K
Chemicals & pharma $531K
Raw materials & minerals $309K
Raw agricultural goods $238K
Precious metals & jewellery $123K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $55K
Animal & marine products $30K
Machinery & equipment $12K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Austria Peru
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
$12B
2025
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
23/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
+3.58%
2025
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$58.6B
2025
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$94B
2025
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$15.9B
2025
Service exports
$105B
2025
$7.64B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
21.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
30%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Peru
Economic freedom 69.8 66.3
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 62/197
Property rights 95.7 44
Government integrity 75 35
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 47.8
Tax burden 45.7 79.4
Government spending 12.8 84.8
Fiscal health 67.1 87.4
Business freedom 78.7 73.1
Labor freedom 81.6 64.7
Monetary freedom 76.4 77.6
Trade freedom 79.4 81.6
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Peru
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Peru
2026 69.8 66.3
2025 69.7 65.9
2024 68.4 64.8
2023 71.1 66.5
2022 73.8 66.5
2021 73.9 67.7
2020 73.3 67.9
2019 72 67.8
2018 71.8 68.7
2017 72.3 68.9
2016 71.7 67.4
2015 71.2 67.7
2014 72.4 67.4
2013 71.8 68.2
2012 70.3 68.7
2011 71.9 68.6
2010 71.6 67.6
2009 71.2 64.6
2008 71.4 63.8
2007 71.6 62.7
2006 71.1 60.5
2005 68.8 61.3
2004 67.6 64.7
2003 67.6 64.6
2002 67.4 64.8
2001 68.1 69.6
2000 68.4 68.7
1999 64 69.2
1998 65.4 65
1997 65.2 63.8
1996 68.9 62.5
1995 70 56.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 66.3 for Peru, ranking 62/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Peru
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
50.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
34.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
7.47%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$291B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$17,540
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$90.4B
2025
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
32/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$8.93B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$6.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$1.14B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.54%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
27.6%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
20.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/peru | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.