Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Burkina Faso compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $23.1B for Burkina Faso, ranking 30/197 and 122/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $13.2B (57.2% of GDP) in Burkina Faso.

Austria vs Burkina Faso GDP by year

Austria
Burkina Faso
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Burkina Faso
2024 $534,790,720,467 $23,124,729,853
2023 $516,670,509,629 $20,112,614,449
2022 $473,221,298,968 $18,622,421,395
2021 $480,466,363,177 $19,697,516,284
2020 $434,397,601,558 $17,725,010,533
2019 $442,983,642,372 $16,032,813,503
2018 $452,582,294,973 $15,890,066,221
2017 $414,926,138,133 $14,106,955,615
2016 $393,687,359,770 $12,833,363,045
2015 $379,546,097,301 $11,832,159,316
2014 $438,556,021,078 $13,943,016,077
2013 $426,580,502,769 $13,444,300,486
2012 $406,750,487,604 $12,561,015,157
2011 $428,954,737,064 $12,080,295,978
2010 $389,827,789,218 $10,109,619,741
2009 $399,290,118,782 $9,450,696,873
2008 $429,234,399,096 $9,451,435,490
2007 $386,760,177,589 $7,625,722,837
2006 $333,905,979,332 $6,547,419,820
2005 $313,952,317,331 $6,146,353,173
2004 $299,210,411,455 $5,451,688,538
2003 $260,779,834,340 $4,740,768,143
2002 $212,837,224,023 $3,622,350,063
2001 $196,477,206,829 $3,190,371,081
2000 $196,181,599,831 $2,968,370,088
1999 $216,421,809,126 $3,389,566,713
1998 $217,068,085,816 $2,804,902,367
1997 $211,724,812,267 $2,447,669,102
1996 $235,952,581,232 $2,586,550,595
1995 $240,094,169,510 $2,379,517,975
1994 $202,738,023,130 $1,895,290,637
1993 $189,634,029,339 $3,199,536,465
1992 $194,314,032,056 $3,356,692,505
1991 $173,113,449,617 $3,135,045,584
1990 $165,811,372,383 $3,101,300,779
1989 $132,584,448,258 $2,615,587,734
1988 $132,817,124,707 $2,616,040,479
1987 $123,682,091,859 $2,369,834,950
1986 $98,648,254,169 $2,036,303,358
1985 $69,114,996,010 $1,552,493,196
1984 $67,719,055,773 $1,459,880,132
1983 $71,838,528,420 $1,600,278,605
1982 $70,996,111,963 $1,754,450,096
1981 $70,755,997,062 $1,775,842,334
1980 $81,737,498,405 $1,928,719,888
1979 $73,647,694,287 $1,748,480,621
1978 $61,809,208,756 $1,475,583,645
1977 $51,343,861,460 $1,131,224,878
1976 $42,791,707,448 $976,547,188
1975 $39,902,300,703 $939,972,703
1974 $35,051,468,640 $751,133,430
1973 $29,399,860,145 $674,773,570
1972 $21,973,207,929 $578,595,522
1971 $17,788,536,733 $482,411,179
1970 $15,312,791,744 $458,404,269
1969 $13,647,475,854 $478,298,645
1968 $12,499,863,917 $460,442,689
1967 $11,634,569,522 $450,753,924
1966 $10,939,526,219 $433,889,766
1965 $10,041,659,445 $422,916,790
1964 $9,213,648,656 $410,321,645
1963 $8,414,050,621 $394,040,667
1962 $7,793,042,529 $379,567,099
1961 $7,346,566,038 $350,247,234
1960 $6,624,086,313 $330,442,816

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Burkina Faso by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Burkina Faso
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Burkina Faso
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $982 $2,896
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $873 $2,759
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $827 $2,645
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $896 $2,486
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $825 $2,381
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $765 $2,232
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $777 $2,073
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $709 $2,042
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $664 $1,882
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $630 $1,692
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $765 $1,661
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $760 $1,643
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $731 $1,572
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $725 $1,531
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $625 $1,449
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $602 $1,360
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $619 $1,351
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $515 $1,290
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $456 $1,244
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $441 $1,172
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $404 $1,079
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $362 $1,038
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $285.7 $974
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $259.5 $948
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $248.9 $896
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $292.8 $886
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $249.5 $838
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $223.9 $794
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $242.7 $753
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $229.1 $684
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $187.2 $650
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $324 $644
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $349 $623
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $334 $623
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $339 $567
1989 $17,401 - $293.2 -
1988 $17,510 - $301 -
1987 $16,329 - $280.2 -
1986 $13,032 - $247.5 -
1985 $9,136 - $194.1 -
1984 $8,956 - $187.8 -
1983 $9,500 - $211.9 -
1982 $9,373 - $239 -
1981 $9,348 - $248.7 -
1980 $10,827 - $277.6 -
1979 $9,755 - $258.5 -
1978 $8,173 - $223.9 -
1977 $6,784 - $176 -
1976 $5,656 - $155.5 -
1975 $5,265 - $152.9 -
1974 $4,613 - $124.7 -
1973 $3,875 - $114.1 -
1972 $2,913 - $99.6 -
1971 $2,372 - $84.5 -
1970 $2,051 - $81.7 -
1969 $1,834 - $86.8 -
1968 $1,686 - $85 -
1967 $1,577 - $84.6 -
1966 $1,494 - $82.8 -
1965 $1,381 - $82.1 -
1964 $1,275 - $80.9 -
1963 $1,173 - $78.9 -
1962 $1,093 - $77.2 -
1961 $1,037 - $72.2 -
1960 $940 - $69.2 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $982 in Burkina Faso, ranking 180/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Burkina Faso ranks 181st at $2,896.

Economic indicators

Austria Burkina Faso
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$23.1B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
122/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
4.8%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$982
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
180/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$2,896
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
181/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$13.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
57.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$562
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
162/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$2,710
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
30.2%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
27.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
4.19%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
3.44%
2024
Population
9163419
24756783

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Burkina Faso
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Burkina Faso
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 27.8% 57.2%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 29.4% 56.8%
2022 53% 78.4% 32.9% 59.2%
2021 56% 82.4% 27.8% 55.5%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 24.4% 43.6%
2019 49.1% 71% 23.3% 41.7%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 24.2% 38.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 26.3% 33.9%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 21.6% 32.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 20.4% 31.3%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 20.9% 26.1%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 25.3% 25.9%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 22.7% 25.2%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 20.4% 24.5%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 21.7% 23.7%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 21.5% 25.9%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 18.6% 24.9%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 22.8% 22.4%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 21.9% 20.1%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 20.2% 39.2%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 20.3% 40.7%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 17.6% 39.7%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 19.5% 43.3%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 19.7% 46.6%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 19.8% 47.5%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 21.4% 46.4%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 19.7% 47.7%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 20% 48.4%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 19.8% 45.8%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 19.4% 48.9%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 17.8% 55.1%
1993 54.3% 61% 17.9% 33.6%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 16.7% 29.6%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 17% 28.7%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 18.4% 25.6%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 14.2% 25.5%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 16.2% 28.8%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 19.2% 30.7%
1986 54.3% 52% 16.3% 27.6%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 11.5% 28.5%
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2001, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Burkina Faso spent $6.43B, or 27.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 57.2% in Burkina Faso, ranking 44/185 and 89/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Burkina Faso
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Burkina Faso
2024 -4.64% -5.84%
2023 -2.62% -6.91%
2022 -3.31% -10.9%
2021 -5.69% -7.45%
2020 -8.2% -5.16%
2019 0.54% -3.39%
2018 0.2% -4.43%
2017 -0.78% -6.92%
2016 -1.45% -3.08%
2015 -0.48% -2.09%
2014 -1.92% -1.74%
2013 -1.99% -3.55%
2012 -2.18% -2.76%
2011 -2.48% -2.04%
2010 -4.46% -4.06%
2009 -5.38% -4.16%
2008 -1.57% -3.63%
2007 -1.56% -5.01%
2006 -2.61% 14.3%
2005 -2.59% -4.89%
2004 -4.94% -4.19%
2003 -1.84% -1.79%
2002 -1.43% -4.43%
2001 -0.71% -3.56%
2000 -2.07% -3.03%
1999 -2.63% -3.29%
1998 -2.68% -2.6%
1997 -2.38% -2.64%
1996 -4.38% -1.67%
1995 -6.17% -2.65%
1994 -5.04% -1.89%
1993 -4.57% -3.81%
1992 -2.15% -2.51%
1991 -2.96% -2.77%
1990 -2.58% -7.54%
1989 -3.07% 1.96%
1988 -3.43% -4.32%
1987 -4.33% -5.27%
1986 -3.84% -5.1%
1985 -2.71% -1.21%
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Burkina Faso's deficit of $1.35B, or 5.84% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 38 of those years, while Burkina Faso ran a deficit in 38 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.93% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Burkina Faso.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Burkina Faso
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Burkina Faso
2024 2.94% 4.19%
2023 7.81% 0.74%
2022 8.55% 14.3%
2021 2.77% 3.65%
2020 1.38% 1.88%
2019 1.53% -3.23%
2018 2% 1.96%
2017 2.08% 1.48%
2016 0.89% 0.44%
2015 0.9% 0.72%
2014 1.61% -0.26%
2013 2% 0.53%
2012 2.49% 3.82%
2011 3.29% 2.76%
2010 1.81% -0.76%
2009 0.51% 2.61%
2008 3.22% 10.7%
2007 2.17% -0.23%
2006 1.44% 2.33%
2005 2.3% 6.42%
2004 2.06% -0.4%
2003 1.36% 2.03%
2002 1.81% 2.18%
2001 2.65% 5.01%
2000 2.34% -0.3%
1999 0.57% -1.07%
1998 0.92% 5.08%
1997 1.31% 2.32%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 2.46% in Burkina Faso. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 4.19% in Burkina Faso.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.39M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.02M
Textiles & consumer goods $383K
Chemicals & pharma $112K
Weapons & explosives $72K
Metals $67K
Wood & paper products $54K
Miscellaneous $11K
Raw materials & minerals $9K
Raw agricultural goods $2K
Burkina Faso
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $2.02M
Raw materials & minerals $8K
Machinery & equipment $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Burkina Faso
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$1.02B
2023
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
122/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-5.06%
2023
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$5.38B
2023
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$5.29B
2023
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$1.45B
2023
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$621M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
31.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
28.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Burkina Faso
Economic freedom 69.8 49.1
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 167/197
Property rights 95.7 17.6
Government integrity 75 40.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 26.1
Tax burden 45.7 80.8
Government spending 12.8 72.9
Fiscal health 67.1 13.4
Business freedom 78.7 37.8
Labor freedom 81.6 62.1
Monetary freedom 76.4 71.9
Trade freedom 79.4 61
Investment freedom 60 65
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Burkina Faso
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Burkina Faso
2026 69.8 49.1
2025 69.7 51
2024 68.4 51.9
2023 71.1 56.2
2022 73.8 58.3
2021 73.9 56.5
2020 73.3 56.7
2019 72 59.4
2018 71.8 60
2017 72.3 59.6
2016 71.7 59.1
2015 71.2 58.6
2014 72.4 58.9
2013 71.8 59.9
2012 70.3 60.6
2011 71.9 60.6
2010 71.6 59.4
2009 71.2 59.5
2008 71.4 55.7
2007 71.6 55.1
2006 71.1 55.8
2005 68.8 56.6
2004 67.6 58
2003 67.6 58.9
2002 67.4 58.8
2001 68.1 56.7
2000 68.4 55.7
1999 64 55
1998 65.4 54.5
1997 65.2 54
1996 68.9 49.4
1995 70 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 49.1 for Burkina Faso, ranking 167/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Burkina Faso
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
43.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
26.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
20.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$20.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$2,720
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$64.3M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$82.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$2.73M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.07%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
43.2%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
21.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/burkina-faso | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2001, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.