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Economy of Austria vs Israel compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $540B for Israel, ranking 30/197 and 29/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $366B (67.6% of GDP) in Israel.

Austria vs Israel GDP by year

Austria
Israel
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Israel
2024 $534,790,720,467 $540,379,921,262
2023 $516,670,509,629 $512,184,638,999
2022 $473,221,298,968 $525,181,008,026
2021 $480,466,363,177 $489,851,549,972
2020 $434,397,601,558 $410,768,352,658
2019 $442,983,642,372 $400,645,216,359
2018 $452,582,294,973 $376,299,083,108
2017 $414,926,138,133 $358,451,839,053
2016 $393,687,359,770 $321,940,971,558
2015 $379,546,097,301 $303,469,434,072
2014 $438,556,021,078 $315,017,088,117
2013 $426,580,502,769 $298,478,070,673
2012 $406,750,487,604 $263,589,172,712
2011 $428,954,737,064 $268,094,998,225
2010 $389,827,789,218 $239,679,036,634
2009 $399,290,118,782 $213,403,181,853
2008 $429,234,399,096 $221,231,658,863
2007 $386,760,177,589 $184,681,214,673
2006 $333,905,979,332 $158,900,547,825
2005 $313,952,317,331 $147,519,922,009
2004 $299,210,411,455 $140,047,984,605
2003 $260,779,834,340 $131,408,914,824
2002 $212,837,224,023 $125,332,331,884
2001 $196,477,206,829 $135,002,039,613
2000 $196,181,599,831 $136,512,300,542
1999 $216,421,809,126 $121,417,185,062
1998 $217,068,085,816 $120,547,409,279
1997 $211,724,812,267 $119,459,826,347
1996 $235,952,581,232 $115,116,595,545
1995 $240,094,169,510 $105,497,418,059
1994 $202,738,023,130 $90,740,103,829
1993 $189,634,029,339 $79,855,877,174
1992 $194,314,032,056 $79,457,685,757
1991 $173,113,449,617 $70,998,755,007
1990 $165,811,372,383 $62,016,729,541
1989 $132,584,448,258 $52,443,479,454
1988 $132,817,124,707 $52,650,948,910
1987 $123,682,091,859 $43,049,543,635
1986 $98,648,254,169 $35,834,154,874
1985 $69,114,996,010 $28,905,736,367
1984 $67,719,055,773 $30,645,607,293
1983 $71,838,528,420 $32,675,755,462
1982 $70,996,111,963 $29,255,285,401
1981 $70,755,997,062 $26,882,009,819
1980 $81,737,498,405 $25,395,256,478
1979 $73,647,694,287 $22,609,741,060
1978 $61,809,208,756 $17,701,286,907
1977 $51,343,861,460 $18,257,113,904
1976 $42,791,707,448 $15,956,349,550
1975 $39,902,300,703 $16,141,767,373
1974 $35,051,468,640 $17,172,607,138
1973 $29,399,860,145 $11,902,574,259
1972 $21,973,207,929 $9,222,557,539
1971 $17,788,536,733 $7,052,544,000
1970 $15,312,791,744 $7,406,712,876
1969 $13,647,475,854 $6,297,852,761
1968 $12,499,863,917 $5,458,427,928
1967 $11,634,569,522 $4,762,386,783
1966 $10,939,526,219 $4,703,300,098
1965 $10,041,659,445 $4,329,084,429
1964 $9,213,648,656 $4,024,344,853
1963 $8,414,050,621 $3,535,949,089
1962 $7,793,042,529 $2,966,154,031
1961 $7,346,566,038 $3,708,586,471
1960 $6,624,086,313 $3,070,585,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Israel by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Israel
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $54,177 $57,236
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $52,004 $55,171
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $54,950 $53,619
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $52,271 $46,162
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $44,576 $40,955
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $44,251 $41,325
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $42,363 $40,190
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $41,138 $39,471
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $37,672 $38,189
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $36,213 $35,871
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $38,343 $34,816
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $37,034 $34,827
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $33,321 $32,484
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $34,523 $31,314
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $31,439 $29,456
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $28,508 $28,087
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $30,269 $28,084
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $25,721 $28,307
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $22,527 $26,385
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $21,287 $25,701
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $20,568 $26,078
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $19,643 $24,702
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $19,076 $26,101
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $20,966 $25,806
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $21,707 $25,766
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $19,823 $23,415
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $20,189 $22,927
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $20,469 $22,279
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $20,224 $21,672
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $19,026 $20,642
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $16,807 $19,478
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $15,179 $18,218
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $15,510 $17,553
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $14,346 $16,486
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $13,308 $15,721
1989 $17,401 - $11,608 -
1988 $17,510 - $11,853 -
1987 $16,329 - $9,853 -
1986 $13,032 - $8,335 -
1985 $9,136 - $6,829 -
1984 $8,956 - $7,369 -
1983 $9,500 - $7,960 -
1982 $9,373 - $7,258 -
1981 $9,348 - $6,795 -
1980 $10,827 - $6,549 -
1979 $9,755 - $5,972 -
1978 $8,173 - $4,797 -
1977 $6,784 - $5,053 -
1976 $5,656 - $4,516 -
1975 $5,265 - $4,672 -
1974 $4,613 - $5,085 -
1973 $3,875 - $3,631 -
1972 $2,913 - $2,930 -
1971 $2,372 - $2,298 -
1970 $2,051 - $2,490 -
1969 $1,834 - $2,189 -
1968 $1,686 - $1,947 -
1967 $1,577 - $1,735 -
1966 $1,494 - $1,789 -
1965 $1,381 - $1,689 -
1964 $1,275 - $1,626 -
1963 $1,173 - $1,486 -
1962 $1,093 - $1,294 -
1961 $1,037 - $1,697 -
1960 $940 - $1,452 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $54,177 in Israel, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Israel ranks 36th at $57,236.

Economic indicators

Austria Israel
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$540B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
29/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
0.87%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$54,177
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
21/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$57,236
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
36/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$366B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
67.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$36,645
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
18/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$43,003
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$331B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
179,905
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2025
41
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
26.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
43.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
3.07%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
4.5%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
2.9%
2024
Population
9163419
10290887

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Israel
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Israel
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 43.8% 67.6%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 39.3% 61.3%
2022 53% 78.4% 36.9% 60.3%
2021 56% 82.4% 40% 67.7%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 44.8% 71.1%
2019 49.1% 71% 38.7% 59.3%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 39.2% 60.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 38.3% 59.8%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 37.9% 61.7%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 37.6% 62.8%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 38.3% 64.9%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 39.7% 66%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 39.6% 66.9%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 39.3% 67.2%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 39.7% 69%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 41.4% 72.6%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 41.2% 70.2%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 40.2% 70.8%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 41.6% 77.7%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 42.3% 85.2%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 43% 88.3%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 45.4% 89.7%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 50% 87.2%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 46.1% 81.1%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 43.4% 77.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 53.6% 94.8%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 55% 101%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 52.6% 99.3%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 53.2% 100.3%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 52.8% 102.3%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 41.7% 110.2%
1993 54.3% 61% 42.2% 118.3%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 44.1% 119.6%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 34.4% 123.7%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 46.8% 138.3%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 47.5% 147.4%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 46.5% 145.4%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 52.8% 143.2%
1986 54.3% 52% 55.7% 162.5%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 65.2% 199%
1984 52.6% 46% - 284%
1983 52.4% 43.7% - 260.5%
1982 52% 39.7% 69.7% -
1981 51.5% 37.5% 71.8% -
1980 50% 35.6% 69.4% 154.3%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 70.1% 155.5%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 62.2% 133.6%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 69.1% 142%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 66.3% 97.4%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 62% 85.1%
1974 42% 16.8% - 79.8%
1973 41.5% 16.7% - 62.1%
1972 40.1% 16.7% - 63.9%
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% 41.6% -
1969 40.7% 16.8% 41.1% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 39.4% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 33.9% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 29.6% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 27.8% -
1964 38.7% 15.5% 28.2% -
1963 38.6% 15.6% 26.9% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% 27.7% -
1961 35.7% 16% 30.3% -
1960 36.3% 17.7% 30.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Israel spent $237B, or 43.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 67.6% in Israel, ranking 44/185 and 62/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Israel
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Israel
2024 -4.64% -8.26%
2023 -2.62% -5.06%
2022 -3.31% 0.32%
2021 -5.69% -3.37%
2020 -8.2% -10.7%
2019 0.54% -3.79%
2018 0.2% -3.56%
2017 -0.78% -1.13%
2016 -1.45% -1.79%
2015 -0.48% -1.21%
2014 -1.92% -2.29%
2013 -1.99% -4.06%
2012 -2.18% -4.46%
2011 -2.48% -3.43%
2010 -4.46% -3.72%
2009 -5.38% -6.53%
2008 -1.57% -3.5%
2007 -1.56% -0.43%
2006 -2.61% -0.95%
2005 -2.59% -2.74%
2004 -4.94% -3.4%
2003 -1.84% -5.03%
2002 -1.43% -8.22%
2001 -0.71% -4.06%
2000 -2.07% -0.8%
1999 -2.63% -6.26%
1998 -2.68% -7.99%
1997 -2.38% -4.84%
1996 -4.38% -5.97%
1995 -6.17% -4.28%
1994 -5.04% -5.62%
1993 -4.57% -5.62%
1992 -2.15% -8%
1991 -2.96% -7.04%
1990 -2.58% -9.67%
1989 -3.07% -9.03%
1988 -3.43% -7.57%
1987 -4.33% -7.47%
1986 -3.84% -7.51%
1985 -2.71% -14.2%
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -13.8%
1981 -1.79% -23.5%
1980 -1.62% -19.6%
1979 -2.3% -16.7%
1978 -2.67% -14.7%
1977 -2.11% -20.3%
1976 -3.61% -19.4%
1975 -2.41% -19.6%
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -16%
1969 -0.08% -15.3%
1968 -0.83% -11.7%
1967 -0.56% -7.68%
1966 1.73% -4.35%
1965 1.38% -2.72%
1964 0.48% -3.65%
1963 -0.5% -4.41%
1962 1.12% -4.09%
1961 1.68% -5.86%
1960 -0.49% -6.62%
1959 -2.16% -7.23%
1958 -3.52% -8.31%
1957 -0.7% -7.17%
1956 -0.78% -9.3%
1955 -0.5% -4.3%
1954 -0.35% -7.84%
1953 -0.24% -8.32%
1952 -0.73% -7.19%
1951 -1.57% -8.13%
1950 -7.72% -10.7%
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Israel's deficit of $44.6B, or 8.26% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Israel ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.34% of GDP for Israel.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Israel
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Israel
2024 2.94% 3.07%
2023 7.81% 4.23%
2022 8.55% 4.41%
2021 2.77% 1.48%
2020 1.38% -0.58%
2019 1.53% 0.82%
2018 2% 0.81%
2017 2.08% 0.25%
2016 0.89% -0.54%
2015 0.9% -0.62%
2014 1.61% 0.47%
2013 2% 1.59%
2012 2.49% 1.68%
2011 3.29% 3.49%
2010 1.81% 2.7%
2009 0.51% 3.37%
2008 3.22% 4.53%
2007 2.17% 0.47%
2006 1.44% 2.05%
2005 2.3% 1.34%
2004 2.06% -0.42%
2003 1.36% 0.71%
2002 1.81% 5.8%
2001 2.65% 1.12%
2000 2.34% 1.03%
1999 0.57% 5.19%
1998 0.92% 5.49%
1997 1.31% 8.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 2.25% in Israel. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 3.07% in Israel.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $261M
Machinery & equipment $197M
Metals $77.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $37.6M
Wood & paper products $23.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $20.1M
Precious metals & jewellery $12.3M
Raw materials & minerals $11.7M
Raw agricultural goods $1.52M
Miscellaneous $698K
Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $45.6M
Chemicals & pharma $13.2M
Metals $8.5M
Precious metals & jewellery $3.21M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.94M
Raw materials & minerals $1.86M
Raw agricultural goods $1.39M
Wood & paper products $1.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $581K
Manufacturing & construction services $500K

Balance of trade

Austria Israel
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
$15.5B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
21/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$96.3B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$70B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$83.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
28.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Israel
Economic freedom 69.8 68.4
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 47/197
Property rights 95.7 73.1
Government integrity 75 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 68.1
Tax burden 45.7 60.2
Government spending 12.8 52
Fiscal health 67.1 60.8
Business freedom 78.7 72.4
Labor freedom 81.6 56.8
Monetary freedom 76.4 78.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Israel
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Israel
2026 69.8 68.4
2025 69.7 69.9
2024 68.4 70.1
2023 71.1 68.9
2022 73.8 68
2021 73.9 73.8
2020 73.3 74
2019 72 72.8
2018 71.8 72.2
2017 72.3 69.7
2016 71.7 70.7
2015 71.2 70.5
2014 72.4 68.4
2013 71.8 66.9
2012 70.3 67.8
2011 71.9 68.5
2010 71.6 67.7
2009 71.2 67.6
2008 71.4 66.3
2007 71.6 64.8
2006 71.1 64.4
2005 68.8 62.6
2004 67.6 61.4
2003 67.6 62.7
2002 67.4 66.9
2001 68.1 66.1
2000 68.4 65.5
1999 64 68.3
1998 65.4 68
1997 65.2 62.7
1996 68.9 62
1995 70 61.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/israel | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 68.4 for Israel, ranking 47/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Israel
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
72.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
17.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
1.28%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$528B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$56,790
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$215B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
18/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$4.86B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$14.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$9.92B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
23.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.