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Economy of Austria vs Burundi compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $522B compared to $2.16B for Burundi, ranking 31/197 and 177/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $424B in government debt (82.9% of GDP), compared to $934M (35.3% of GDP) in Burundi.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Austria
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Burundi
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Austria Burundi
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,624,086,313 $83,828,673,167 $195,999,990 $798,536,036
1961 $7,346,566,038 $88,471,087,748 $202,999,992 $688,768,194
1962 $7,793,042,529 $90,814,399,431 $213,500,006 $751,192,344
1963 $8,414,050,621 $94,572,542,282 $232,749,998 $782,257,208
1964 $9,213,648,656 $100,364,499,311 $260,750,008 $831,328,499
1965 $10,041,659,445 $103,857,359,442 $158,994,963 $864,309,176
1966 $10,939,526,219 $109,717,886,300 $165,444,571 $904,179,697
1967 $11,634,569,522 $113,018,252,763 $178,297,143 $1,029,151,062
1968 $12,499,863,917 $118,072,782,528 $183,200,000 $1,026,085,389
1969 $13,647,475,854 $125,482,873,519 $190,205,714 $1,011,109,250
1970 $15,312,791,744 $134,420,862,376 $242,732,571 $1,226,735,080
1971 $17,788,536,733 $141,296,447,063 $252,842,286 $1,260,431,391
1972 $21,973,207,929 $150,067,933,491 $246,804,571 $1,179,713,807
1973 $29,399,860,145 $157,406,909,711 $304,339,524 $1,260,984,889
1974 $35,051,468,640 $163,612,107,623 $345,263,492 $1,251,819,552
1975 $39,902,300,703 $163,016,991,844 $420,986,667 $1,260,556,254
1976 $42,791,707,448 $170,480,635,018 $448,412,754 $1,360,677,964
1977 $51,343,861,460 $179,141,019,238 $547,535,556 $1,516,740,284
1978 $61,809,208,756 $178,763,652,138 $610,225,556 $1,502,474,189
1979 $73,647,694,287 $188,339,484,584 $782,496,667 $1,527,489,708
1980 $81,737,498,405 $191,600,555,442 $919,726,667 $1,542,627,982
1981 $70,755,997,062 $191,324,085,936 $969,046,667 $1,730,262,074
1982 $70,996,111,963 $195,172,100,329 $1,013,222,222 $1,712,032,036
1983 $71,838,528,420 $200,974,738,307 $1,082,926,304 $1,775,639,625
1984 $67,719,055,773 $201,077,788,420 $987,143,931 $1,778,401,526
1985 $69,114,996,010 $206,102,076,591 $1,149,979,286 $1,987,953,782
1986 $98,648,254,169 $210,845,294,932 $1,201,725,497 $2,052,565,867
1987 $123,682,091,859 $213,706,819,793 $1,131,466,494 $2,165,520,540
1988 $132,817,124,707 $220,750,339,733 $1,082,403,219 $2,274,468,406
1989 $132,584,448,258 $229,331,070,530 $1,113,924,130 $2,305,162,408
1990 $165,811,372,383 $239,296,977,478 $1,132,101,253 $2,385,838,992
1991 $173,113,449,617 $247,532,688,033 $1,167,398,478 $2,505,055,464
1992 $194,314,032,056 $252,714,845,320 $1,083,037,671 $2,530,356,484
1993 $189,634,029,339 $254,046,171,814 $938,632,612 $2,372,462,239
1994 $202,738,023,130 $260,148,661,735 $925,030,590 $2,281,596,935
1995 $240,094,169,510 $267,089,386,117 $1,000,428,394 $2,100,894,458
1996 $235,952,581,232 $273,007,464,944 $869,033,856 $1,932,822,901
1997 $211,724,812,267 $278,865,754,831 $972,896,268 $1,902,091,017
1998 $217,068,085,816 $288,606,201,091 $893,770,740 $1,992,440,341
1999 $216,421,809,126 $299,463,348,051 $808,077,223 $1,972,316,693
2000 $196,181,599,831 $309,014,800,203 $870,486,066 $1,955,416,620
2001 $196,477,206,829 $313,084,486,482 $876,794,723 $1,995,616,214
2002 $212,837,224,023 $317,731,814,842 $825,394,519 $2,084,351,677
2003 $260,779,834,340 $321,358,930,178 $784,654,424 $2,058,844,882
2004 $299,210,411,455 $329,602,607,297 $915,257,323 $2,158,362,398
2005 $313,952,317,331 $337,250,591,306 $1,117,113,080 $2,177,787,659
2006 $333,905,979,332 $348,276,446,349 $1,273,375,078 $2,295,688,883
2007 $386,760,177,589 $361,424,664,732 $1,356,199,387 $2,374,934,883
2008 $429,234,399,096 $366,677,269,701 $1,611,835,857 $2,490,397,481
2009 $399,290,118,782 $353,527,252,122 $1,781,455,140 $2,585,349,995
2010 $389,827,789,218 $359,922,497,999 $2,032,135,192 $2,717,827,465
2011 $428,954,737,064 $370,459,113,959 $2,235,820,809 $2,827,426,576
2012 $406,750,487,604 $372,786,509,411 $2,333,341,334 $2,953,153,932
2013 $426,580,502,769 $371,851,835,130 $2,451,606,632 $3,098,572,840
2014 $438,556,021,078 $374,662,287,025 $2,705,783,330 $3,229,972,475
2015 $379,546,097,301 $379,546,097,301 $3,104,003,546 $3,104,003,546
2016 $393,687,359,770 $387,581,921,834 $2,644,487,777 $3,085,379,497
2017 $414,926,138,133 $396,388,751,745 $2,723,586,963 $3,100,806,433
2018 $452,582,294,973 $406,235,924,915 $2,667,182,200 $3,150,727,414
2019 $442,983,642,372 $413,365,268,699 $2,576,518,880 $3,207,836,407
2020 $434,397,601,558 $387,247,796,561 $2,649,680,261 $3,218,331,065
2021 $480,467,037,339 $405,817,601,897 $2,775,798,697 $3,318,099,328
2022 $471,773,629,830 $427,236,226,728 $3,338,722,828 $3,379,450,966
2023 $511,685,203,845 $423,156,280,851 $2,629,391,600 $3,469,531,570
2024 $521,642,466,922 $418,190,370,367 $2,162,378,759 $3,590,591,567

Economic indicators

Austria Burundi
Gross domestic product
$522B
2024
$2.16B
2024
GDP rank
31/197
2024
177/197
2024
GDP growth
1.95%
2023-2024
-17.8%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,833
2024
$153.9
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
197/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,618
2024
$950
2024
Government debt
$424B
2024
$934M
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.9%
2025
35.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$46,152
2024
$66.5
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
184/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,548
2025
$1,071
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
29.9%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.9%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
23.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
20.2%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
1.03%
2020
Population
9171198
14662443

GDP per capita in Austria vs Burundi

Austria's GDP per capita is $56,833, ranking 16/197, compared to $153.9 in Burundi, ranking 197/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 21st at $71,618, while Burundi ranks 197th at $950.

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Burundi
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Austria Burundi
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $940 - $70.9 -
1961 $1,037 - $71.6 -
1962 $1,093 - $73.4 -
1963 $1,173 - $78.4 -
1964 $1,275 - $85.3 -
1965 $1,381 - $50.6 -
1966 $1,494 - $51.4 -
1967 $1,577 - $54 -
1968 $1,686 - $54.2 -
1969 $1,834 - $55.1 -
1970 $2,051 - $68.8 -
1971 $2,372 - $69.9 -
1972 $2,913 - $68.2 -
1973 $3,875 - $84.3 -
1974 $4,613 - $93.2 -
1975 $5,265 - $110.9 -
1976 $5,656 - $115.5 -
1977 $6,784 - $137.4 -
1978 $8,173 - $148.8 -
1979 $9,755 - $186.2 -
1980 $10,827 - $209.8 -
1981 $9,348 - $212.2 -
1982 $9,373 - $216.4 -
1983 $9,500 - $225.2 -
1984 $8,956 - $200.4 -
1985 $9,136 - $228.4 -
1986 $13,032 - $234.3 -
1987 $16,329 - $215.6 -
1988 $17,510 - $201.7 -
1989 $17,401 - $203.6 -
1990 $21,596 $19,383 $202.6 $598
1991 $22,323 $20,522 $204.7 $636
1992 $24,783 $21,195 $184.9 $640
1993 $23,987 $21,632 $165.3 $634
1994 $25,546 $22,538 $161.9 $618
1995 $30,207 $23,588 $164.9 $548
1996 $29,646 $24,418 $143.2 $513
1997 $26,572 $25,295 $160.3 $513
1998 $27,212 $26,529 $144.5 $533
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $127.5 $523
2000 $24,487 $29,215 $134.5 $519
2001 $24,430 $29,556 $132.2 $528
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $121 $545
2003 $32,110 $31,963 $111.4 $532
2004 $36,614 $33,523 $125.2 $551
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $147.2 $553
2006 $40,382 $37,396 $161.9 $580
2007 $46,623 $39,194 $166.2 $593
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $189.5 $609
2009 $47,857 $40,666 $199.1 $604
2010 $46,611 $41,740 $216.7 $614
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $230.1 $629
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $231.7 $639
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $234.8 $687
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $250.5 $724
2015 $43,915 $49,563 $281 $797
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $235.3 $772
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $236.7 $761
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $224.9 $753
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $210.2 $779
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $210 $787
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $214.1 $837
2022 $52,177 $70,735 $250.6 $889
2023 $56,034 $70,479 $192.1 $920
2024 $56,833 $71,618 $153.9 $950

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $294B, accounting for 56.2% of its GDP, while Burundi's spent $490M, or 23.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.9% in Austria and 35.3% in Burundi, ranking 39/185 and 147/185, respectively.

Austria
Government spending

Government debt
Burundi
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Austria Burundi
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1970 39.5% 18.5% - -
1971 40% 17.3% - -
1972 40.1% 16.6% - -
1973 41.5% 16.6% - -
1974 42% 16.7% - -
1975 46.1% 22.7% - -
1976 47.9% 26% - -
1977 47.6% 28.3% - -
1978 50.8% 32% - -
1979 49.8% 33.9% - -
1980 50% 35.4% - -
1981 51.5% 37.3% - -
1982 52% 39.5% - -
1983 52.4% 43.4% - -
1984 52.6% 45.8% - -
1985 53.5% 47.5% - -
1986 54.3% 51.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.2% - -
1988 53.1% 57.4% - -
1989 51.6% 56.3% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% 20.3% -
1991 47.9% 56.4% 22.4% -
1992 49.3% 56.3% 30.4% 93.5%
1993 54.3% 61% 28% 112%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 22.6% 119.6%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 25.7% 117.1%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 28.4% 139.4%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 21.9% 122.8%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 23.2% 138.9%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 23.6% 140.6%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 24.6% 136.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 25.4% 127.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 24.1% 159.1%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 36.5% 172%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 40.8% 172.7%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 33.1% 137%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 36.5% 130.3%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 39% 129.6%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 41.2% 102.5%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 38% 25.7%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 40.8% 46.9%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 42.2% 42.7%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 37.5% 41.4%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 34.8% 37.9%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 28.5% 38%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 23.2% 39.9%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 22.6% 46.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 24.1% 46.9%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 26% 53%
2019 49.1% 71% 28.8% 60.1%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 29.4% 65.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 30.3% 66.5%
2022 53.1% 78.3% 33.5% 68.3%
2023 52.6% 78.4% 28.3% 47.2%
2024 56.3% 81.2% 22.7% 43.2%
2025 56.2% 82.9% 23.5% 35.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$24.5B, equivalent to -4.69% of GDP. This compares to Burundi's deficit of -$109M, or -5.02% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Burundi ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to -2.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of -5.45% of GDP for Burundi.

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Burundi
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Burundi
1880 -1.4% -
1881 -3.91% -
1882 -1.06% -
1883 -0.69% -
1884 -6.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1886 -0.43% -
1887 -1.09% -
1888 -0.97% -
1889 -1.61% -
1890 -0.26% -
1891 -4.01% -
1892 -0.86% -
1893 -1.31% -
1894 -1.16% -
1895 0.36% -
1896 0.03% -
1897 0.1% -
1898 -0.17% -
1899 -0.08% -
1900 -0.05% -
1901 -0.56% -
1902 -0.75% -
1903 -0.97% -
1904 -1.12% -
1905 -0.71% -
1906 -0.05% -
1907 -2.73% -
1908 -1.24% -
1909 -5.51% -
1910 -0.42% -
1911 0.03% -
1912 -0.69% -
1913 -0.69% -
1914 -0.69% -
1915 -0.69% -
1916 -0.69% -
1917 -0.69% -
1918 -0.69% -
1919 -0.69% -
1920 -0.69% -
1921 -0.69% -
1922 -0.69% -
1923 -0.69% -
1924 -5.69% -
1925 -4.96% -
1926 -6.18% -
1927 -7.3% -
1928 -7.63% -
1929 -6.83% -
1930 -9.68% -
1931 -11.5% -
1932 -9.16% -
1933 -3.55% -
1934 -5.28% -
1935 -5.46% -
1936 -3.91% -
1937 -2.84% -
1938 -2.84% -
1939 -2.84% -
1940 -2.84% -
1941 -2.84% -
1942 -2.84% -
1943 -2.84% -
1944 -2.84% -
1945 -2.84% -
1946 -2.84% -
1947 -2.84% -
1948 -9.3% -
1949 -9.23% -
1950 -7.72% -
1951 -1.57% -
1952 -0.73% -
1953 -0.24% -
1954 -0.35% -
1955 -0.5% -
1956 -0.78% -
1957 -0.7% -
1958 -3.52% -
1959 -2.16% -
1960 -0.49% -
1961 1.68% -
1962 1.12% -
1963 -0.5% -
1964 0.48% -
1965 1.38% -
1966 1.73% -
1967 -0.56% -
1968 -0.83% -
1969 -0.08% -
1970 1.16% -
1971 1.46% -
1972 1.97% -
1973 1.24% -
1974 1.23% -
1975 -2.41% -
1976 -3.61% -
1977 -2.11% -
1978 -2.67% -
1979 -2.3% -
1980 -1.62% -
1981 -1.79% -
1982 -3.29% -
1983 -4.22% -
1984 -2.67% -
1985 -2.71% -
1986 -3.84% -
1987 -4.33% -
1988 -3.43% -
1989 -3.07% -
1990 -2.58% 9.47%
1991 -2.96% 4.82%
1992 -2.15% -4.85%
1993 -4.57% -1.42%
1994 -5.04% -2.05%
1995 -6.17% -4.33%
1996 -4.38% -10%
1997 -2.38% -5.22%
1998 -2.68% -5.16%
1999 -2.63% -6.14%
2000 -2.07% -6.43%
2001 -0.71% -8.72%
2002 -1.43% -5.38%
2003 -1.84% -14.7%
2004 -4.94% -15.5%
2005 -2.59% -10.6%
2006 -2.61% -9.92%
2007 -1.56% -2.51%
2008 -1.57% -2.7%
2009 -5.38% -5.14%
2010 -4.46% -3.64%
2011 -2.48% -3.49%
2012 -2.18% -3.79%
2013 -1.99% -1.9%
2014 -1.92% -3.93%
2015 -0.48% -7.56%
2016 -1.45% -7.11%
2017 -0.78% -5.01%
2018 0.2% -6.66%
2019 0.54% -6.4%
2020 -8.2% -6.33%
2021 -5.69% -5.24%
2022 -3.42% -10.6%
2023 -2.61% -7.45%
2024 -4.69% -5.02%
2025 -4.08% -6.55%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.29%, compared with 11.6% in Burundi. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 20.2% in Burundi.

Inflation
Austria

Burundi
Year Inflation
Austria Burundi Austria Burundi
1996 1.86% 26.4%
1997 1.31% 31.1%
1998 0.92% 12.5%
1999 0.57% 3.39%
2000 2.34% 24.4%
2001 2.65% 9.3%
2002 1.81% -1.37%
2003 1.36% 10.6%
2004 2.06% 8.18%
2005 2.3% 13.3%
2006 1.44% 2.75%
2007 2.17% 8.41%
2008 3.22% 24.4%
2009 0.51% 10.6%
2010 1.81% 6.49%
2011 3.29% 9.59%
2012 2.49% 18.2%
2013 2% 7.94%
2014 1.61% 4.41%
2015 0.9% 5.54%
2016 0.89% 5.56%
2017 2.08% 16.1%
2018 2% -2.81%
2019 1.53% -0.69%
2020 1.38% 7.32%
2021 2.77% 8.4%
2022 8.55% 18.8%
2023 7.81% 26.9%
2024 2.94% 20.2%

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $718K
Chemicals & pharma $215K
Wood & paper products $55K
Textiles & consumer goods $34K
Metals $27K
Raw materials & minerals $24K
Miscellaneous $19K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $14K
Burundi
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Austria Burundi
Current account balance
$12.6B
2024
-$626M
2023
Current account balance ranking
22/189
2024
107/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.42%
2024
-23.8%
2023
Goods imports
$196B
2024
$1.07B
2023
Goods exports
$205B
2024
$259M
2023
Service imports
$88B
2024
$365M
2023
Service exports
$94.3B
2024
$119M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.6%
2024
24.4%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
5.29%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Burundi
Economic freedom 69.7 39.7
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 187/197
Property rights 97 28.6
Government integrity 75.4 14.2
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 7.4
Tax burden 46.3 76.1
Government spending 13.5 71.1
Fiscal health 63.7 12.2
Business freedom 81.7 31.9
Labor freedom 81.8 50
Monetary freedom 72.7 54.4
Trade freedom 79.6 50.8
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.7, ranking 38/197, compared to 39.7 for Burundi, ranking 187/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Austria
Burundi
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Burundi
1995 70 -
1996 68.9 -
1997 65.2 45.4
1998 65.4 44.7
1999 64 41.1
2000 68.4 42.6
2001 68.1 -
2002 67.4 -
2003 67.6 -
2004 67.6 -
2005 68.8 -
2006 71.1 48.7
2007 71.6 46.9
2008 71.4 46.2
2009 71.2 48.8
2010 71.6 47.5
2011 71.9 49.6
2012 70.3 48.1
2013 71.8 49
2014 72.4 51.4
2015 71.2 53.7
2016 71.7 53.9
2017 72.3 53.2
2018 71.8 50.9
2019 72 48.9
2020 73.3 49
2021 73.9 49.9
2022 73.8 39.4
2023 71.1 41.9
2024 68.4 38.4
2025 69.7 39.7

More economic indicators

Austria Burundi
Services, % of GDP
65.3%
2024
49%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
9.63%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.23%
2024
25.3%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$497B
2024
$2.71B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$71,860
2024
$950
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$90.3M
2023
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
174/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$1.5B
2024
-$33M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.31B
2024
$31.7M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$10.8B
2024
$8.55M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
1.68%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
51%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
13.1%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Austria vs Burundi
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.