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Economy of Austria vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $522B compared to $99B for Sri Lanka, ranking 31/197 and 71/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $424B in government debt (82.9% of GDP), compared to $98.4B (105.6% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Austria
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Sri Lanka
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Austria Sri Lanka
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $6,624,086,313 $83,828,673,167 $1,409,873,950 -
1961 $7,346,566,038 $88,471,087,748 $1,444,327,731 $6,526,664,116
1962 $7,793,042,529 $90,814,399,431 $1,434,156,379 $6,775,853,428
1963 $8,414,050,621 $94,572,542,282 $1,240,672,269 $6,946,384,624
1964 $9,213,648,656 $100,364,499,311 $1,309,747,899 $7,217,740,543
1965 $10,041,659,445 $103,857,359,442 $1,698,319,328 $7,400,851,267
1966 $10,939,526,219 $109,717,886,300 $1,751,470,588 $7,772,654,452
1967 $11,634,569,522 $113,018,252,763 $1,859,465,021 $8,273,137,570
1968 $12,499,863,917 $118,072,782,528 $1,801,344,538 $8,753,070,071
1969 $13,647,475,854 $125,482,873,519 $1,965,546,218 $9,428,528,703
1970 $15,312,791,744 $134,420,862,376 $2,296,470,588 $9,791,209,303
1971 $17,788,536,733 $141,296,447,063 $2,369,308,600 $9,919,171,146
1972 $21,973,207,929 $150,067,933,491 $2,553,936,348 $9,878,454,941
1973 $29,399,860,145 $157,406,909,711 $2,875,625,000 $10,575,616,915
1974 $35,051,468,640 $163,612,107,623 $3,574,586,466 $10,982,337,251
1975 $39,902,300,703 $163,016,991,844 $3,791,298,146 $11,655,140,838
1976 $42,791,707,448 $170,480,635,018 $3,591,319,857 $12,043,852,220
1977 $51,343,861,460 $179,141,019,238 $4,104,509,583 $12,658,159,773
1978 $61,809,208,756 $178,763,652,138 $2,733,183,857 $13,373,831,476
1979 $73,647,694,287 $188,339,484,584 $3,364,611,432 $14,230,232,388
1980 $81,737,498,405 $191,600,555,442 $4,024,621,900 $15,062,135,547
1981 $70,755,997,062 $191,324,085,936 $4,415,844,156 $15,920,605,692
1982 $70,996,111,963 $195,172,100,329 $4,768,765,017 $16,579,956,893
1983 $71,838,528,420 $200,974,738,307 $5,167,913,302 $17,378,114,521
1984 $67,719,055,773 $201,077,788,420 $6,043,474,843 $18,264,250,049
1985 $69,114,996,010 $206,102,076,591 $5,978,460,972 $19,177,354,129
1986 $98,648,254,169 $210,845,294,932 $6,405,210,564 $20,012,632,786
1987 $123,682,091,859 $213,706,819,793 $6,682,167,120 $20,357,972,917
1988 $132,817,124,707 $220,750,339,733 $6,978,371,581 $20,861,361,467
1989 $132,584,448,258 $229,331,070,530 $6,987,267,684 $21,341,027,046
1990 $165,811,372,383 $239,296,977,478 $8,032,551,173 $22,706,851,776
1991 $173,113,449,617 $247,532,688,033 $9,000,362,582 $23,751,364,061
1992 $194,314,032,056 $252,714,845,320 $9,703,011,636 $24,796,422,002
1993 $189,634,029,339 $254,046,171,814 $10,338,679,636 $26,507,390,805
1994 $202,738,023,130 $260,148,661,735 $11,717,604,209 $27,991,783,146
1995 $240,094,169,510 $267,089,386,117 $13,029,697,561 $29,531,355,077
1996 $235,952,581,232 $273,007,464,944 $13,897,738,375 $30,653,536,886
1997 $211,724,812,267 $278,865,754,831 $15,091,913,884 $32,617,018,444
1998 $217,068,085,816 $288,606,201,091 $15,794,972,847 $34,149,503,956
1999 $216,421,809,126 $299,463,348,051 $15,656,327,860 $35,618,117,204
2000 $196,181,599,831 $309,014,800,203 $16,330,814,180 $37,755,216,046
2001 $196,477,206,829 $313,084,486,482 $15,749,753,805 $37,171,743,867
2002 $212,837,224,023 $317,731,814,842 $16,536,535,647 $38,645,482,957
2003 $260,779,834,340 $321,358,930,178 $18,881,765,437 $40,941,128,632
2004 $299,210,411,455 $329,602,607,297 $20,662,525,941 $43,170,398,174
2005 $313,952,317,331 $337,250,591,306 $24,405,791,045 $45,864,985,657
2006 $333,905,979,332 $348,276,446,349 $28,279,802,406 $49,382,046,638
2007 $386,760,177,589 $361,424,664,732 $32,350,238,760 $52,738,458,482
2008 $429,234,399,096 $366,677,269,701 $40,713,826,215 $55,876,443,248
2009 $399,290,118,782 $353,527,252,122 $42,066,224,093 $57,853,861,433
2010 $389,827,789,218 $359,922,497,999 $58,636,161,082 $62,491,408,088
2011 $428,954,737,064 $370,459,113,959 $67,753,284,044 $67,909,090,095
2012 $406,750,487,604 $372,786,509,411 $70,447,216,891 $73,771,125,926
2013 $426,580,502,769 $371,851,835,130 $77,000,578,167 $76,760,144,813
2014 $438,556,021,078 $374,662,287,025 $82,528,535,714 $81,655,890,647
2015 $379,546,097,301 $379,546,097,301 $85,090,301,052 $85,090,301,052
2016 $393,687,359,770 $387,581,921,834 $88,000,211,172 $89,390,445,685
2017 $414,926,138,133 $396,388,751,745 $94,369,350,286 $95,165,677,467
2018 $452,582,294,973 $406,235,924,915 $94,450,015,983 $97,364,084,799
2019 $442,983,642,372 $413,365,268,699 $88,998,706,297 $97,149,412,680
2020 $434,397,601,558 $387,247,796,561 $84,335,574,582 $92,656,723,482
2021 $480,467,037,339 $405,817,601,897 $88,556,698,938 $96,555,233,344
2022 $471,773,629,830 $427,236,226,728 $74,143,020,263 $89,459,202,881
2023 $511,685,203,845 $423,156,280,851 $83,716,142,582 $87,374,939,262
2024 $521,642,466,922 $418,190,370,367 $98,963,185,510 $91,751,304,717

Economic indicators

Austria Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$522B
2024
$99B
2024
GDP rank
31/197
2024
71/197
2024
GDP growth
1.95%
2023-2024
18.2%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$56,833
2024
$4,516
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
125/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,618
2024
$15,633
2024
Government debt
$424B
2024
$98.4B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
82.9%
2025
105.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$46,152
2024
$4,490
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
86/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,548
2025
$2,982
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
$19.5B
2024
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56.2%
2025
20.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
-0.43%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
4.53%
2022
Population
9171198
22125995

GDP per capita in Austria vs Sri Lanka

Austria's GDP per capita is $56,833, ranking 16/197, compared to $4,516 in Sri Lanka, ranking 125/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 21st at $71,618, while Sri Lanka ranks 112th at $15,633.

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Austria Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $940 - $145.9 -
1961 $1,037 - $145.9 -
1962 $1,093 - $141.4 -
1963 $1,173 - $119.4 -
1964 $1,275 - $122.9 -
1965 $1,381 - $155.6 -
1966 $1,494 - $156.6 -
1967 $1,577 - $162.3 -
1968 $1,686 - $153.5 -
1969 $1,834 - $163.6 -
1970 $2,051 - $186.9 -
1971 $2,372 - $188.8 -
1972 $2,913 - $199.4 -
1973 $3,875 - $220.2 -
1974 $4,613 - $268.7 -
1975 $5,265 - $279.8 -
1976 $5,656 - $260.3 -
1977 $6,784 - $292.1 -
1978 $8,173 - $191 -
1979 $9,755 - $230.8 -
1980 $10,827 - $271.1 -
1981 $9,348 - $292.5 -
1982 $9,373 - $312 -
1983 $9,500 - $336 -
1984 $8,956 - $391 -
1985 $9,136 - $385 -
1986 $13,032 - $407 -
1987 $16,329 - $420 -
1988 $17,510 - $434 -
1989 $17,401 - $430 -
1990 $21,596 $19,383 $491 $2,527
1991 $22,323 $20,522 $546 $2,713
1992 $24,783 $21,195 $580 $2,851
1993 $23,987 $21,632 $607 $3,067
1994 $25,546 $22,538 $678 $3,260
1995 $30,207 $23,588 $742 $3,454
1996 $29,646 $24,418 $776 $3,582
1997 $26,572 $25,295 $827 $3,804
1998 $27,212 $26,529 $849 $3,952
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $826 $4,103
2000 $24,487 $29,215 $846 $4,368
2001 $24,430 $29,556 $804 $4,328
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $835 $4,522
2003 $32,110 $31,963 $946 $4,850
2004 $36,614 $33,523 $1,029 $5,216
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $1,207 $5,679
2006 $40,382 $37,396 $1,390 $6,261
2007 $46,623 $39,194 $1,579 $6,820
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,974 $7,317
2009 $47,857 $40,666 $2,027 $7,576
2010 $46,611 $41,740 $2,808 $8,234
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $3,225 $9,076
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $3,328 $10,249
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $3,741 $11,253
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $3,972 $11,721
2015 $43,915 $49,563 $4,058 $12,227
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $4,149 $13,079
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $4,399 $13,610
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,359 $14,178
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $4,082 $14,113
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $3,848 $12,941
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $3,997 $14,316
2022 $52,177 $70,735 $3,343 $14,194
2023 $56,034 $70,479 $3,799 $14,456
2024 $56,833 $71,618 $4,516 $15,633

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $294B, accounting for 56.2% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka's spent $19.1B, or 20.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 82.9% in Austria and 105.6% in Sri Lanka, ranking 39/185 and 18/185, respectively.

Austria
Government spending

Government debt
Sri Lanka
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Austria Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1970 39.5% 18.5% - -
1971 40% 17.3% - -
1972 40.1% 16.6% - -
1973 41.5% 16.6% - -
1974 42% 16.7% - -
1975 46.1% 22.7% - -
1976 47.9% 26% - -
1977 47.6% 28.3% - -
1978 50.8% 32% - -
1979 49.8% 33.9% - -
1980 50% 35.4% - -
1981 51.5% 37.3% - -
1982 52% 39.5% - -
1983 52.4% 43.4% - -
1984 52.6% 45.8% - -
1985 53.5% 47.5% - -
1986 54.3% 51.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.2% - -
1988 53.1% 57.4% - -
1989 51.6% 56.3% - -
1990 46.8% 56.2% 25.4% 78.9%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 26.4% 80.5%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 23% 77.9%
1993 54.3% 61% 23.2% 79.2%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 24.1% 77.9%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 24.8% 77.8%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 23.1% 76.2%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 21.4% 70.1%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 21.4% 74.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 20.5% 77.7%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 21.7% 79.2%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 22.4% 84.4%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 20.8% 96.3%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 19.3% 86.5%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 19.3% 86.5%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 20.1% 76.6%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 20.5% 74.3%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 19.9% 71.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 19.1% 68.8%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 21% 72.8%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 19.3% 68.7%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 19.1% 69.4%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 17.3% 67.5%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 16.6% 69.5%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 17.2% 69.6%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 19.3% 76.3%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 18.2% 75%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 17.9% 72.3%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 17.5% 83.6%
2019 49.1% 71% 19.5% 82.6%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 22.1% 96.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 20% 102.7%
2022 53.1% 78.3% 18.6% 115.9%
2023 52.6% 78.4% 19.5% 110.4%
2024 56.3% 81.2% 19.3% 99.4%
2025 56.2% 82.9% 20.2% 105.6%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$24.5B, equivalent to -4.69% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of -$5.58B, or -5.64% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to -2.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of -6.85% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Sri Lanka
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Sri Lanka
1880 -1.4% -
1881 -3.91% -
1882 -1.06% -
1883 -0.69% -
1884 -6.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1886 -0.43% -
1887 -1.09% -
1888 -0.97% -
1889 -1.61% -
1890 -0.26% -
1891 -4.01% -
1892 -0.86% -
1893 -1.31% -
1894 -1.16% -
1895 0.36% -
1896 0.03% -
1897 0.1% -
1898 -0.17% -
1899 -0.08% -
1900 -0.05% -
1901 -0.56% -
1902 -0.75% -
1903 -0.97% -
1904 -1.12% -
1905 -0.71% -
1906 -0.05% -
1907 -2.73% -
1908 -1.24% -
1909 -5.51% -
1910 -0.42% -
1911 0.03% -
1912 -0.69% -
1913 -0.69% -
1914 -0.69% -
1915 -0.69% -
1916 -0.69% -
1917 -0.69% -
1918 -0.69% -
1919 -0.69% -
1920 -0.69% -
1921 -0.69% -
1922 -0.69% -
1923 -0.69% -
1924 -5.69% -
1925 -4.96% -
1926 -6.18% -
1927 -7.3% -
1928 -7.63% -
1929 -6.83% -
1930 -9.68% -
1931 -11.5% -
1932 -9.16% -
1933 -3.55% -
1934 -5.28% -
1935 -5.46% -
1936 -3.91% -
1937 -2.84% -
1938 -2.84% -
1939 -2.84% -
1940 -2.84% -
1941 -2.84% -
1942 -2.84% -
1943 -2.84% -
1944 -2.84% -
1945 -2.84% -
1946 -2.84% -
1947 -2.84% -
1948 -9.3% -
1949 -9.23% -
1950 -7.72% -
1951 -1.57% -
1952 -0.73% -
1953 -0.24% -
1954 -0.35% -
1955 -0.5% -
1956 -0.78% -
1957 -0.7% -
1958 -3.52% -
1959 -2.16% -
1960 -0.49% -
1961 1.68% -
1962 1.12% -
1963 -0.5% -
1964 0.48% -
1965 1.38% -
1966 1.73% -
1967 -0.56% -
1968 -0.83% -
1969 -0.08% -
1970 1.16% -
1971 1.46% -
1972 1.97% -
1973 1.24% -
1974 1.23% -
1975 -2.41% -
1976 -3.61% -
1977 -2.11% -
1978 -2.67% -
1979 -2.3% -
1980 -1.62% -
1981 -1.79% -
1982 -3.29% -
1983 -4.22% -
1984 -2.67% -
1985 -2.71% -
1986 -3.84% -
1987 -4.33% -
1988 -3.43% -
1989 -3.07% -
1990 -2.58% -6.39%
1991 -2.96% -7.97%
1992 -2.15% -4.95%
1993 -4.57% -5.77%
1994 -5.04% -7.41%
1995 -6.17% -7.11%
1996 -4.38% -6.89%
1997 -2.38% -5.71%
1998 -2.68% -6.79%
1999 -2.63% -5.58%
2000 -2.07% -7.78%
2001 -0.71% -8.48%
2002 -1.43% -6.9%
2003 -1.84% -6.15%
2004 -4.94% -6.32%
2005 -2.59% -5.93%
2006 -2.61% -5.91%
2007 -1.56% -5.81%
2008 -1.57% -5.93%
2009 -5.38% -8.33%
2010 -4.46% -6.73%
2011 -2.48% -6.01%
2012 -2.18% -5.44%
2013 -1.99% -5%
2014 -1.92% -5.99%
2015 -0.48% -6.64%
2016 -1.45% -5%
2017 -0.78% -5.1%
2018 0.2% -4.96%
2019 0.54% -7.52%
2020 -8.2% -13.4%
2021 -5.69% -11.7%
2022 -3.42% -10.2%
2023 -2.61% -8.32%
2024 -4.69% -5.64%
2025 -4.08% -5.49%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.29%, compared with 9.57% in Sri Lanka. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and -0.43% in Sri Lanka.

Inflation
Austria

Sri Lanka
Year Inflation
Austria Sri Lanka Austria Sri Lanka
1996 1.86% 15.9%
1997 1.31% 9.57%
1998 0.92% 9.36%
1999 0.57% 4.69%
2000 2.34% 6.18%
2001 2.65% 14.2%
2002 1.81% 9.55%
2003 1.36% 6.31%
2004 2.06% 7.58%
2005 2.3% 11.6%
2006 1.44% 10%
2007 2.17% 15.8%
2008 3.22% 22.6%
2009 0.51% 3.46%
2010 1.81% 6.22%
2011 3.29% 6.72%
2012 2.49% 7.54%
2013 2% 6.91%
2014 1.61% 3.18%
2015 0.9% 3.77%
2016 0.89% 3.96%
2017 2.08% 7.7%
2018 2% 2.14%
2019 1.53% 3.53%
2020 1.38% 6.15%
2021 2.77% 7.01%
2022 8.55% 49.7%
2023 7.81% 16.5%
2024 2.94% -0.43%

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $10.5M
Wood & paper products $5.77M
Machinery & equipment $5.66M
Chemicals & pharma $4.39M
Animal & marine products $3.82M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.1M
Metals $689K
Raw materials & minerals $442K
Weapons & explosives $20K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $23.2M
Machinery & equipment $13.7M
Raw agricultural goods $3.82M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $933K
Raw materials & minerals $401K
Precious metals & jewellery $271K
Wood & paper products $66K
Miscellaneous $57K
Chemicals & pharma $30K
Metals $24K

Balance of trade

Austria Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$12.6B
2024
$1.56B
2023
Current account balance ranking
22/189
2024
50/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.42%
2024
+1.86%
2023
Goods imports
$196B
2024
$16.8B
2023
Goods exports
$205B
2024
$11.9B
2023
Service imports
$88B
2024
$2.01B
2023
Service exports
$94.3B
2024
$5.42B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.6%
2024
22.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
56.9%
2024
19.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 69.7 49.4
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 164/197
Property rights 97 51.3
Government integrity 75.4 37.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 47.4
Tax burden 46.3 77.5
Government spending 13.5 88.8
Fiscal health 63.7 0
Business freedom 81.7 55.8
Labor freedom 81.8 54.6
Monetary freedom 72.7 54.5
Trade freedom 79.6 65
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.7, ranking 38/197, compared to 49.4 for Sri Lanka, ranking 164/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Austria
Sri Lanka
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Sri Lanka
1995 70 60.6
1996 68.9 62.5
1997 65.2 65.5
1998 65.4 64.6
1999 64 64
2000 68.4 63.2
2001 68.1 66
2002 67.4 64
2003 67.6 62.5
2004 67.6 61.6
2005 68.8 61
2006 71.1 58.7
2007 71.6 59.4
2008 71.4 58.4
2009 71.2 56
2010 71.6 54.6
2011 71.9 57.1
2012 70.3 58.3
2013 71.8 60.7
2014 72.4 60
2015 71.2 58.6
2016 71.7 59.9
2017 72.3 57.4
2018 71.8 57.8
2019 72 56.4
2020 73.3 57.4
2021 73.9 55.7
2022 73.8 53.3
2023 71.1 52.2
2024 68.4 49.2
2025 69.7 49.4

More economic indicators

Austria Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
65.3%
2024
57.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
25.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.23%
2024
8.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$497B
2024
$84.6B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$71,860
2024
$15,240
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
92/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$1.5B
2024
-$678M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$9.31B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$10.8B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
3.48%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
27%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Austria vs Sri Lanka
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.