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Economy of Austria vs Sri Lanka compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Austria has a GDP of $579B compared to $109B for Sri Lanka, ranking 29/197 and 71/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $466B in government debt (80.5% of GDP), compared to $100B (100.8% of GDP) in Sri Lanka.

Austria vs Sri Lanka GDP by year

Austria
Sri Lanka
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Sri Lanka
2025 $579,470,021,095 $108,825,231,671
2024 $534,790,720,467 $99,616,111,266
2023 $516,670,509,629 $84,080,307,356
2022 $473,221,298,968 $74,143,020,304
2021 $480,466,363,177 $88,556,699,052
2020 $434,397,601,558 $84,335,574,372
2019 $442,983,642,372 $88,998,706,178
2018 $452,582,294,973 $94,450,015,983
2017 $414,926,138,133 $94,369,350,439
2016 $393,687,359,770 $88,000,210,878
2015 $379,546,097,301 $85,090,300,896
2014 $438,556,021,078 $82,531,125,462
2013 $426,580,502,769 $76,976,204,075
2012 $406,750,487,604 $70,447,216,891
2011 $428,954,737,064 $67,753,285,882
2010 $389,827,789,218 $58,636,049,581
2009 $399,290,118,782 $42,066,224,093
2008 $429,234,399,096 $40,713,826,215
2007 $386,760,177,589 $32,350,238,760
2006 $333,905,979,332 $28,267,410,543
2005 $313,952,317,331 $24,405,791,045
2004 $299,210,411,455 $20,662,525,941
2003 $260,779,834,340 $18,881,765,437
2002 $212,837,224,023 $16,536,535,647
2001 $196,477,206,829 $15,749,753,805
2000 $196,181,599,831 $16,595,882,819
1999 $216,421,809,126 $15,711,933,513
1998 $217,068,085,816 $15,760,736,956
1997 $211,724,812,267 $15,091,913,884
1996 $235,952,581,232 $13,897,738,375
1995 $240,094,169,510 $13,029,697,561
1994 $202,738,023,130 $11,717,604,209
1993 $189,634,029,339 $10,338,679,636
1992 $194,314,032,056 $9,703,011,636
1991 $173,113,449,617 $9,000,362,582
1990 $165,811,372,383 $8,032,551,173
1989 $132,584,448,258 $6,987,267,684
1988 $132,817,124,707 $6,978,371,581
1987 $123,682,091,859 $6,682,167,120
1986 $98,648,254,169 $6,405,210,564
1985 $69,114,996,010 $5,978,460,972
1984 $67,719,055,773 $6,043,474,843
1983 $71,838,528,420 $5,167,913,302
1982 $70,996,111,963 $4,768,765,017
1981 $70,755,997,062 $4,415,844,156
1980 $81,737,498,405 $4,024,621,900
1979 $73,647,694,287 $3,364,611,432
1978 $61,809,208,756 $2,733,183,857
1977 $51,343,861,460 $4,104,509,583
1976 $42,791,707,448 $3,591,319,857
1975 $39,902,300,703 $3,791,298,146
1974 $35,051,468,640 $3,574,586,466
1973 $29,399,860,145 $2,875,625,000
1972 $21,973,207,929 $2,553,936,348
1971 $17,788,536,733 $2,369,308,600
1970 $15,312,791,744 $2,296,470,588
1969 $13,647,475,854 $1,965,546,218
1968 $12,499,863,917 $1,801,344,538
1967 $11,634,569,522 $1,859,465,021
1966 $10,939,526,219 $1,751,470,588
1965 $10,041,659,445 $1,698,319,328
1964 $9,213,648,656 $1,309,747,899
1963 $8,414,050,621 $1,240,672,269
1962 $7,793,042,529 $1,434,156,379
1961 $7,346,566,038 $1,444,327,731
1960 $6,624,086,313 $1,409,873,950

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Sri Lanka by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sri Lanka
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Sri Lanka
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $62,930 - $5,002 -
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $4,545 $15,633
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $3,815 $14,456
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $3,343 $14,194
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $3,997 $14,316
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $3,848 $12,941
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $4,082 $14,113
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,359 $14,178
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $4,399 $13,610
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $4,149 $13,079
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $4,058 $12,227
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $3,972 $11,721
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $3,739 $11,253
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $3,328 $10,249
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $3,225 $9,076
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $2,808 $8,234
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $2,027 $7,576
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,974 $7,317
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $1,579 $6,820
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $1,389 $6,261
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $1,207 $5,679
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $1,029 $5,216
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $946 $4,850
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $835 $4,522
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $804 $4,328
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $860 $4,368
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $829 $4,103
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $848 $3,952
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $827 $3,804
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $776 $3,582
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $742 $3,454
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $678 $3,260
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $607 $3,067
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $580 $2,851
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $546 $2,713
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $491 $2,527
1989 $17,401 - $430 -
1988 $17,510 - $434 -
1987 $16,329 - $420 -
1986 $13,032 - $407 -
1985 $9,136 - $385 -
1984 $8,956 - $391 -
1983 $9,500 - $336 -
1982 $9,373 - $312 -
1981 $9,348 - $292.5 -
1980 $10,827 - $271.1 -
1979 $9,755 - $230.8 -
1978 $8,173 - $191 -
1977 $6,784 - $292.1 -
1976 $5,656 - $260.3 -
1975 $5,265 - $279.8 -
1974 $4,613 - $268.7 -
1973 $3,875 - $220.2 -
1972 $2,913 - $199.4 -
1971 $2,372 - $188.8 -
1970 $2,051 - $186.9 -
1969 $1,834 - $163.6 -
1968 $1,686 - $153.5 -
1967 $1,577 - $162.3 -
1966 $1,494 - $156.6 -
1965 $1,381 - $155.6 -
1964 $1,275 - $122.9 -
1963 $1,173 - $119.4 -
1962 $1,093 - $141.4 -
1961 $1,037 - $145.9 -
1960 $940 - $145.9 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $62,930, ranking 16/197, compared to $5,002 in Sri Lanka, ranking 124/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Sri Lanka ranks 111th at $15,633.

Economic indicators

Austria Sri Lanka
Gross domestic product
$579B
2025
$109B
2025
GDP rank
29/197
2025
71/197
2025
GDP growth
0.62%
2024-2025
4.95%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$62,930
2025
$5,002
2025
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2025
124/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$15,633
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
111/197
2024
Government debt
$466B
2025
$100B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.5%
2025
100.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$50,654
2025
$4,584
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2025
90/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$38,467
2026
$2,830
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$211B
2025
$26.1B
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
30.8%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
55.2%
2025
19.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
3.53%
2024-2025
-4.76%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
7.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.78%
2025
4.32%
2024
Population
9201502
21926160

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Sri Lanka
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Sri Lanka
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 55.2% 80.5% - -
2024 55.2% 79.2% 19.1% 100.8%
2023 52.2% 77.8% 19.5% 110.4%
2022 53% 78.1% 18.6% 115.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 20% 102.7%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 22.1% 96.9%
2019 49.1% 71% 19.5% 82.6%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 17.5% 83.6%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 17.9% 72.3%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 18.2% 75%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 19.3% 76.3%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 17.2% 69.6%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 16.6% 69.5%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 17.3% 67.5%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 19.1% 69.4%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 19.3% 68.7%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 21% 72.8%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 19.1% 68.8%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 19.9% 71.8%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 20.5% 74.3%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 20.1% 76.6%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 19.3% 86.5%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 19.3% 86.5%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 20.8% 96.3%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 22.4% 84.4%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 21.7% 79.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 20.5% 77.7%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 21.4% 74.2%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 21.4% 70.1%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 23.1% 76.2%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 24.8% 77.8%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 24.1% 77.9%
1993 54.3% 61% 23.2% 79.2%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 23% 77.9%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 26.4% 80.5%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 25.4% 78.9%
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% - -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - -
1986 54.3% 52% - -
1985 53.5% 47.8% - -
1984 52.6% 46% - -
1983 52.4% 43.7% - -
1982 52% 39.7% - -
1981 51.5% 37.5% - -
1980 50% 35.6% - -
1979 49.8% 34.1% - -
1978 50.8% 32.2% - -
1977 47.6% 28.5% - -
1976 47.9% 26.2% - -
1975 46.1% 22.8% - -
1974 42% 16.8% - -
1973 41.5% 16.7% - -
1972 40.1% 16.7% - -
1971 40% 17.4% - -
1970 39.5% 18.6% - -
1969 40.7% 16.8% - -
1968 40.9% 16.8% - -
1967 40.7% 15.6% - -
1966 38.7% 14.1% - -
1965 38.3% 14.8% - -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% - -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2025, Austria's government spending was $320B, accounting for 55.2% of its GDP, while Sri Lanka spent $19B, or 19.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.5% in Austria and 100.8% in Sri Lanka, ranking 42/185 and 24/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Sri Lanka
2025 -4.52% -
2024 -4.68% -5.43%
2023 -2.59% -8.32%
2022 -3.41% -10.2%
2021 -5.69% -11.7%
2020 -8.2% -13.4%
2019 0.54% -7.52%
2018 0.2% -4.96%
2017 -0.78% -5.1%
2016 -1.45% -5%
2015 -0.48% -6.64%
2014 -1.92% -5.99%
2013 -1.99% -5%
2012 -2.18% -5.44%
2011 -2.48% -6.01%
2010 -4.46% -6.73%
2009 -5.38% -8.33%
2008 -1.57% -5.93%
2007 -1.56% -5.81%
2006 -2.61% -5.91%
2005 -2.59% -5.93%
2004 -4.94% -6.32%
2003 -1.84% -6.15%
2002 -1.43% -6.9%
2001 -0.71% -8.48%
2000 -2.07% -7.78%
1999 -2.63% -5.58%
1998 -2.68% -6.79%
1997 -2.38% -5.71%
1996 -4.38% -6.89%
1995 -6.17% -7.11%
1994 -5.04% -7.41%
1993 -4.57% -5.77%
1992 -2.15% -4.95%
1991 -2.96% -7.97%
1990 -2.58% -6.39%
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -
1985 -2.71% -
1984 -2.67% -
1983 -4.22% -
1982 -3.29% -
1981 -1.79% -
1980 -1.62% -
1979 -2.3% -
1978 -2.67% -
1977 -2.11% -
1976 -3.61% -
1975 -2.41% -
1974 1.23% -
1973 1.24% -
1972 1.97% -
1971 1.46% -
1970 1.16% -
1969 -0.08% -
1968 -0.83% -
1967 -0.56% -
1966 1.73% -
1965 1.38% -
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% -
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% -
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $25B, equivalent to 4.68% of GDP. This compares to Sri Lanka's deficit of $5.4B, or 5.43% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Sri Lanka ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of 6.84% of GDP for Sri Lanka.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Sri Lanka
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Sri Lanka
2025 3.53% -4.76%
2024 2.94% -0.43%
2023 7.81% 16.5%
2022 8.55% 49.7%
2021 2.77% 7.01%
2020 1.38% 6.15%
2019 1.53% 3.53%
2018 2% 2.14%
2017 2.08% 7.7%
2016 0.89% 3.96%
2015 0.9% 3.77%
2014 1.61% 3.18%
2013 2% 6.91%
2012 2.49% 7.54%
2011 3.29% 6.72%
2010 1.81% 6.22%
2009 0.51% 3.46%
2008 3.22% 22.6%
2007 2.17% 15.8%
2006 1.44% 10%
2005 2.3% 11.6%
2004 2.06% 7.58%
2003 1.36% 6.31%
2002 1.81% 9.55%
2001 2.65% 14.2%
2000 2.34% 6.18%
1999 0.57% 4.69%
1998 0.92% 9.36%
1997 1.31% 9.57%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.35%, compared with 8.86% in Sri Lanka. In 2025, inflation was 3.53% in Austria and -4.76% in Sri Lanka.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $15.2M
Animal & marine products $4.75M
Machinery & equipment $4.08M
Chemicals & pharma $4.02M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.33M
Wood & paper products $1.71M
Metals $669K
Raw materials & minerals $519K
Raw agricultural goods $36K
Miscellaneous $20K
Sri Lanka
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $23.2M
Machinery & equipment $13.7M
Raw agricultural goods $3.82M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $933K
Raw materials & minerals $401K
Precious metals & jewellery $271K
Wood & paper products $66K
Miscellaneous $57K
Chemicals & pharma $30K
Metals $24K

Balance of trade

Austria Sri Lanka
Current account balance
$10.4B
2025
$1.21B
2024
Current account balance ranking
24/190
2025
49/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.79%
2025
+1.21%
2024
Goods imports
$208B
2025
$18.8B
2024
Goods exports
$214B
2025
$12.8B
2024
Service imports
$98.3B
2025
$3.48B
2024
Service exports
$105B
2025
$6.91B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.3%
2025
22.8%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
54.7%
2025
19%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Sri Lanka
Economic freedom 69.8 50.3
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 162/197
Property rights 95.7 47.3
Government integrity 75 37.3
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 47.2
Tax burden 45.7 77
Government spending 12.8 89
Fiscal health 67.1 0
Business freedom 78.7 60.1
Labor freedom 81.6 54.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 65.9
Trade freedom 79.4 65.6
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Sri Lanka
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Sri Lanka
2026 69.8 50.3
2025 69.7 49.4
2024 68.4 49.2
2023 71.1 52.2
2022 73.8 53.3
2021 73.9 55.7
2020 73.3 57.4
2019 72 56.4
2018 71.8 57.8
2017 72.3 57.4
2016 71.7 59.9
2015 71.2 58.6
2014 72.4 60
2013 71.8 60.7
2012 70.3 58.3
2011 71.9 57.1
2010 71.6 54.6
2009 71.2 56
2008 71.4 58.4
2007 71.6 59.4
2006 71.1 58.7
2005 68.8 61
2004 67.6 61.6
2003 67.6 62.5
2002 67.4 64
2001 68.1 66
2000 68.4 63.2
1999 64 64
1998 65.4 64.6
1997 65.2 65.5
1996 68.9 62.5
1995 70 60.6

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 50.3 for Sri Lanka, ranking 162/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Sri Lanka
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2025
54.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
24%
2025
25.4%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.26%
2025
8.36%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$556B
2025
$102B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$77,010
2025
$16,750
2025
Total reserves including gold
$53.4B
2025
$6.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking
46/177
2025
96/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$5.61B
2025
-$651M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$761M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$110M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
4.96%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
14.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.7%
2025
29.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/sri-lanka | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.