Skip to content

Economy of Austria vs Nicaragua compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $19.7B for Nicaragua, ranking 30/197 and 131/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $7.71B (39.1% of GDP) in Nicaragua.

Austria vs Nicaragua GDP by year

Austria
Nicaragua
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Nicaragua
2024 $534,790,720,467 $19,693,982,968
2023 $516,670,509,629 $17,805,842,284
2022 $473,221,298,968 $15,634,572,502
2021 $480,466,363,177 $14,209,020,362
2020 $434,397,601,558 $12,726,422,432
2019 $442,983,642,372 $12,699,023,614
2018 $452,582,294,973 $13,025,221,974
2017 $414,926,138,133 $13,785,893,007
2016 $393,687,359,770 $13,286,093,388
2015 $379,546,097,301 $12,756,696,261
2014 $438,556,021,078 $11,880,438,824
2013 $426,580,502,769 $10,982,988,249
2012 $406,750,487,604 $10,532,017,232
2011 $428,954,737,064 $9,774,329,333
2010 $389,827,789,218 $8,758,602,233
2009 $399,290,118,782 $8,298,702,489
2008 $429,234,399,096 $8,496,967,597
2007 $386,760,177,589 $7,423,375,015
2006 $333,905,979,332 $6,763,672,381
2005 $313,952,317,331 $6,321,324,279
2004 $299,210,411,455 $5,792,932,838
2003 $260,779,834,340 $5,322,228,351
2002 $212,837,224,023 $5,223,727,303
2001 $196,477,206,829 $5,351,752,034
2000 $196,181,599,831 $5,109,587,050
1999 $216,421,809,126 $4,856,026,259
1998 $217,068,085,816 $4,635,347,386
1997 $211,724,812,267 $4,389,973,490
1996 $235,952,581,232 $4,308,351,903
1995 $240,094,169,510 $4,140,470,000
1994 $202,738,023,130 $3,863,185,119
1993 $189,634,029,339 $1,756,454,248
1992 $194,314,032,056 $1,792,800,000
1991 $173,113,449,617 $1,488,804,124
1990 $165,811,372,383 $1,009,455,484
1989 $132,584,448,258 $1,013,184,756
1988 $132,817,124,707 $2,630,900,096
1987 $123,682,091,859 $3,851,200,118
1986 $98,648,254,169 $2,885,799,994
1985 $69,114,996,010 $2,683,699,935
1984 $67,719,055,773 $3,117,599,872
1983 $71,838,528,420 $2,753,100,058
1982 $70,996,111,963 $2,454,499,872
1981 $70,755,997,062 $2,474,700,227
1980 $81,737,498,405 $2,144,300,006
1979 $73,647,694,287 $1,567,599,982
1978 $61,809,208,756 $2,127,699,979
1977 $51,343,861,460 $2,226,999,874
1976 $42,791,707,448 $1,836,899,999
1975 $39,902,300,703 $1,581,599,959
1974 $35,051,468,640 $1,521,400,012
1973 $29,399,860,145 $1,092,900,015
1972 $21,973,207,929 $878,570,045
1971 $17,788,536,733 $828,569,953
1970 $15,312,791,744 $778,569,939
1969 $13,647,475,854 $750,000,003
1968 $12,499,863,917 $692,859,985
1967 $11,634,569,522 $657,140,011
1966 $10,939,526,219 $607,140,010
1965 $10,041,659,445 $564,290,020
1964 $9,213,648,656 $347,119,918
1963 $8,414,050,621 $297,324,163
1962 $7,793,042,529 $269,283,804
1961 $7,346,566,038 $244,144,237
1960 $6,624,086,313 $227,223,322

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Nicaragua by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Nicaragua
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Nicaragua
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $2,848 $8,709
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $2,609 $8,320
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $2,323 $7,797
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $2,138 $7,119
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $1,938 $6,274
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $1,959 $5,981
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $2,035 $5,935
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $2,183 $6,225
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $2,132 $5,882
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $2,074 $5,449
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $1,958 $5,068
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $1,835 $4,711
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $1,785 $4,508
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $1,680 $4,325
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $1,527 $4,042
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $1,467 $3,880
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,524 $4,044
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $1,350 $3,891
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $1,248 $3,658
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $1,183 $3,456
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $1,099 $3,255
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $1,021 $3,046
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $1,014 $2,948
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $1,052 $2,917
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $1,017 $2,806
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $980 $2,672
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $949 $2,497
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $913 $2,418
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $911 $2,325
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $892 $2,187
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $849 $2,064
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $394 $1,998
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $411 $2,003
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $350 $1,995
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $242.5 $1,979
1989 $17,401 - $249.2 -
1988 $17,510 - $662 -
1987 $16,329 - $992 -
1986 $13,032 - $761 -
1985 $9,136 - $724 -
1984 $8,956 - $861 -
1983 $9,500 - $780 -
1982 $9,373 - $714 -
1981 $9,348 - $740 -
1980 $10,827 - $659 -
1979 $9,755 - $495 -
1978 $8,173 - $691 -
1977 $6,784 - $744 -
1976 $5,656 - $633 -
1975 $5,265 - $561 -
1974 $4,613 - $557 -
1973 $3,875 - $413 -
1972 $2,913 - $341 -
1971 $2,372 - $331 -
1970 $2,051 - $321 -
1969 $1,834 - $319 -
1968 $1,686 - $304 -
1967 $1,577 - $297.9 -
1966 $1,494 - $284 -
1965 $1,381 - $272.3 -
1964 $1,275 - $172.7 -
1963 $1,173 - $152.5 -
1962 $1,093 - $142.3 -
1961 $1,037 - $132.9 -
1960 $940 - $127.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $2,848 in Nicaragua, ranking 141/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Nicaragua ranks 138th at $8,709.

Economic indicators

Austria Nicaragua
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$19.7B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
131/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
3.59%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$2,848
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
141/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$8,709
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
138/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$7.71B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
39.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$1,115
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
138/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$2,318
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
37.2%
2014
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2%
2014
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
27.1%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
4.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
5.2%
2018
Population
9163419
7124343

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Nicaragua
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Nicaragua
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 27.1% 39.1%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 26% 42.3%
2022 53% 78.4% 28.6% 45.9%
2021 56% 82.4% 30% 48.4%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 28.9% 49.2%
2019 49.1% 71% 27.7% 44.2%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 27.7% 39.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 27.3% 34.7%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 26.8% 30.9%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 25.4% 28.9%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 24.6% 28.7%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 24.2% 28.8%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 24.1% 27.9%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 23.5% 28.8%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 22.6% 30.3%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 22.7% 29.3%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 21.9% 26%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 21.5% 30.9%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 21.4% 51.2%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 21.3% 66.6%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 20.8% 84%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 20.9% 109.5%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 18.7% 110.4%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 19.2% 87.5%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 20.6% 95.2%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 22.1% 99.8%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 18.5% 86.5%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 17.9% 86.4%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 18% -
1995 56.1% 68.2% 17.7% -
1994 54.3% 64.1% 18.4% -
1993 54.3% 61% 18.4% -
1992 49.3% 56.3% 18.4% -
1991 47.9% 56.4% 16.8% -
1990 46.8% 56.2% 28.2% -
1989 51.6% 56.6% - -
1988 53.1% 57.7% 24.8% -
1987 54.5% 55.5% - 266.6%
1986 54.3% 52% 26.1% 159.2%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 29.9% 218%
1984 52.6% 46% 31.9% 198%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 33.8% 211.6%
1982 52% 39.7% 49.4% 159.1%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 39.3% 149.1%
1980 50% 35.6% 30.4% 152.1%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 20.7% 116.3%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 17.7% 76.9%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 19.9% 62.7%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 16.2% 59.5%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 17.5% 57.8%
1974 42% 16.8% 15.3% 40%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 12.8% 32.9%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 15.1% 30.2%
1971 40% 17.4% 15.1% 31.6%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 13.2% 35.4%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 11.1% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 10.9% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 12.7% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 12.2% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 10.9% -
1964 38.7% 15.5% 10.2% -
1963 38.6% 15.6% 10.5% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% 10.6% -
1961 35.7% 16% 9.93% -
1960 36.3% 17.7% 11.2% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Nicaragua spent $5.34B, or 27.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 39.1% in Nicaragua, ranking 44/185 and 136/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Nicaragua
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Nicaragua
2024 -4.64% 2.48%
2023 -2.62% 2.31%
2022 -3.31% 0.65%
2021 -5.69% -1.26%
2020 -8.2% -2.57%
2019 0.54% -1.12%
2018 0.2% -4.35%
2017 -0.78% -1.75%
2016 -1.45% -1.92%
2015 -0.48% -1.64%
2014 -1.92% -0.89%
2013 -1.99% -0.3%
2012 -2.18% 0.22%
2011 -2.48% 0.59%
2010 -4.46% 0.69%
2009 -5.38% -0.9%
2008 -1.57% 0.27%
2007 -1.56% 1.88%
2006 -2.61% 1.36%
2005 -2.59% 1.72%
2004 -4.94% 1.69%
2003 -1.84% 1.3%
2002 -1.43% 2.07%
2001 -0.71% 0.34%
2000 -2.07% 2.15%
1999 -2.63% -6.86%
1998 -2.68% -2.88%
1997 -2.38% -3.31%
1996 -4.38% -5%
1995 -6.17% -4.62%
1994 -5.04% -5.79%
1993 -4.57% -4.66%
1992 -2.15% -3.8%
1991 -2.96% -3.45%
1990 -2.58% -15.2%
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -22.4%
1987 -4.33% -
1986 -3.84% -7.33%
1985 -2.71% -11.3%
1984 -2.67% -11.8%
1983 -4.22% -15.6%
1982 -3.29% -20.2%
1981 -1.79% -10.6%
1980 -1.62% -6.53%
1979 -2.3% -5.89%
1978 -2.67% -4.44%
1977 -2.11% -5.91%
1976 -3.61% -2.2%
1975 -2.41% -3.53%
1974 1.23% -1.41%
1973 1.24% 1.21%
1972 1.97% -2.61%
1971 1.46% -2.33%
1970 1.16% -2.69%
1969 -0.08% -1.57%
1968 -0.83% -1.21%
1967 -0.56% -2.11%
1966 1.73% -1.04%
1965 1.38% 0.3%
1964 0.48% 0.2%
1963 -0.5% 0.75%
1962 1.12% -0.29%
1961 1.68% 0.04%
1960 -0.49% -1.28%
1959 -2.16% -
1958 -3.52% -
1957 -0.7% -
1956 -0.78% -
1955 -0.5% -
1954 -0.35% -
1953 -0.24% -
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Nicaragua's surplus of $489M, or 2.48% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Nicaragua ran a deficit in 43 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.09% of GDP for Nicaragua.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Nicaragua
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Nicaragua
2024 2.94% 4.6%
2023 7.81% 8.4%
2022 8.55% 10.5%
2021 2.77% 4.9%
2020 1.38% 3.7%
2019 1.53% 5.4%
2018 2% 4.9%
2017 2.08% 3.9%
2016 0.89% 3.5%
2015 0.9% 4%
2014 1.61% 6%
2013 2% 7.1%
2012 2.49% 7.2%
2011 3.29% 8.1%
2010 1.81% 5.5%
2009 0.51% 3.7%
2008 3.22% 19.8%
2007 2.17% 11.1%
2006 1.44% 9.1%
2005 2.3% 9.6%
2004 2.06% 8.5%
2003 1.36% 5.3%
2002 1.81% 3.8%
2001 2.65% 7.4%
2000 2.34% 11.5%
1999 0.57% 11.2%
1998 0.92% 13%
1997 1.31% 9.2%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 7.53% in Nicaragua. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 4.6% in Nicaragua.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.16M
Chemicals & pharma $296K
Textiles & consumer goods $273K
Metals $272K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $147K
Wood & paper products $34K
Miscellaneous $22K
Raw materials & minerals $20K
Precious metals & jewellery $5K
Nicaragua
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $3.63M
Raw agricultural goods $72K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Machinery & equipment $4K
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Nicaragua
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
$818M
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
55/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
+4.15%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$10.1B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$6.84B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$1.31B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$1.3B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
58.1%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
40.5%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Nicaragua
Economic freedom 69.8 53.6
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 139/197
Property rights 95.7 23.8
Government integrity 75 13.4
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 8.8
Tax burden 45.7 74.5
Government spending 12.8 77.7
Fiscal health 67.1 96.9
Business freedom 78.7 54.4
Labor freedom 81.6 47.3
Monetary freedom 76.4 69.4
Trade freedom 79.4 67
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Nicaragua
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Nicaragua
2026 69.8 53.6
2025 69.7 54
2024 68.4 53.4
2023 71.1 54.9
2022 73.8 54.8
2021 73.9 56.3
2020 73.3 57.2
2019 72 57.7
2018 71.8 58.9
2017 72.3 59.2
2016 71.7 58.6
2015 71.2 57.6
2014 72.4 58.4
2013 71.8 56.6
2012 70.3 57.9
2011 71.9 58.8
2010 71.6 58.3
2009 71.2 59.8
2008 71.4 60.8
2007 71.6 62.7
2006 71.1 63.8
2005 68.8 62.5
2004 67.6 61.4
2003 67.6 62.6
2002 67.4 61.1
2001 68.1 58
2000 68.4 56.9
1999 64 54
1998 65.4 53.8
1997 65.2 53.3
1996 68.9 54.1
1995 70 42.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 53.6 for Nicaragua, ranking 139/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Nicaragua
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
46.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
27.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
14.4%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$17.4B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$8,270
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$6.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
91/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$1.28B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$1.35B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$73.8M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
9.74%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
24.9%
2016
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
24.7%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/nicaragua | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.