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Economy of Austria vs Bolivia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $54.9B for Bolivia, ranking 30/197 and 88/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $53.8B (98% of GDP) in Bolivia.

Austria vs Bolivia GDP by year

Austria
Bolivia
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Bolivia
2024 $534,790,720,467 $54,881,327,453
2023 $516,670,509,629 $52,340,206,946
2022 $473,221,298,968 $50,959,081,954
2021 $480,466,363,177 $47,877,892,402
2020 $434,397,601,558 $42,313,784,081
2019 $442,983,642,372 $49,056,643,589
2018 $452,582,294,973 $48,414,038,842
2017 $414,926,138,133 $45,927,439,595
2016 $393,687,359,770 $33,941,126,194
2015 $379,546,097,301 $33,000,198,249
2014 $438,556,021,078 $32,996,188,017
2013 $426,580,502,769 $30,659,338,886
2012 $406,750,487,604 $27,084,497,482
2011 $428,954,737,064 $23,963,164,697
2010 $389,827,789,218 $19,649,723,722
2009 $399,290,118,782 $17,339,992,194
2008 $429,234,399,096 $16,674,276,286
2007 $386,760,177,589 $13,120,108,008
2006 $333,905,979,332 $11,451,844,902
2005 $313,952,317,331 $9,549,122,905
2004 $299,210,411,455 $8,773,451,752
2003 $260,779,834,340 $8,082,399,640
2002 $212,837,224,023 $7,905,485,146
2001 $196,477,206,829 $8,141,516,928
2000 $196,181,599,831 $8,397,855,485
1999 $216,421,809,126 $8,285,064,435
1998 $217,068,085,816 $8,497,494,652
1997 $211,724,812,267 $7,925,736,821
1996 $235,952,581,232 $7,396,949,126
1995 $240,094,169,510 $6,715,161,732
1994 $202,738,023,130 $5,981,222,859
1993 $189,634,029,339 $5,734,699,489
1992 $194,314,032,056 $5,643,868,749
1991 $173,113,449,617 $5,343,262,457
1990 $165,811,372,383 $4,867,582,598
1989 $132,584,448,258 $4,715,973,437
1988 $132,817,124,707 $4,597,612,362
1987 $123,682,091,859 $4,347,956,338
1986 $98,648,254,169 $3,959,382,833
1985 $69,114,996,010 $5,377,276,555
1984 $67,719,055,773 $6,169,483,225
1983 $71,838,528,420 $5,422,656,823
1982 $70,996,111,963 $5,594,126,369
1981 $70,755,997,062 $5,891,598,695
1980 $81,737,498,405 $4,537,479,608
1979 $73,647,694,287 $4,421,336,383
1978 $61,809,208,756 $3,758,220,890
1977 $51,343,861,460 $3,227,436,282
1976 $42,791,707,448 $2,731,984,008
1975 $39,902,300,703 $2,404,697,651
1974 $35,051,468,640 $2,100,249,875
1973 $29,399,860,145 $1,262,968,516
1972 $21,973,207,929 $1,257,615,645
1971 $17,788,536,733 $1,095,622,896
1970 $15,312,791,744 $1,017,003,367
1969 $13,647,475,854 $929,629,630
1968 $12,499,863,917 $857,912,458
1967 $11,634,569,522 $755,808,081
1966 $10,939,526,219 $669,191,919
1965 $10,041,659,445 $604,377,104
1964 $9,213,648,656 $544,023,569
1963 $8,414,050,621 $482,828,283
1962 $7,793,042,529 $448,400,673
1961 $7,346,566,038 $410,101,010
1960 $6,624,086,313 $377,020,202

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Bolivia by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Bolivia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $4,421 $12,878
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $4,275 $12,892
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $4,219 $12,307
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $4,011 $11,202
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $3,581 $9,581
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $4,203 $11,005
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $4,207 $10,758
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $4,048 $10,420
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $3,036 $9,242
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $2,996 $8,757
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $3,041 $8,629
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $2,870 $8,069
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $2,576 $7,184
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $2,316 $6,598
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $1,930 $6,245
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $1,731 $6,024
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,693 $5,890
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $1,355 $5,537
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $1,203 $5,244
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $1,020 $4,938
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $953 $4,663
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $893 $4,433
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $888 $4,304
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $930 $4,205
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $976 $4,113
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $979 $3,991
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $1,022 $3,988
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $970 $3,822
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $922 $3,645
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $853 $3,494
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $774 $3,331
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $757 $3,177
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $760 $3,036
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $734 $2,981
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $683 $2,797
1989 $17,401 - $675 -
1988 $17,510 - $673 -
1987 $16,329 - $650 -
1986 $13,032 - $604 -
1985 $9,136 - $838 -
1984 $8,956 - $982 -
1983 $9,500 - $882 -
1982 $9,373 - $930 -
1981 $9,348 - $1,001 -
1980 $10,827 - $788 -
1979 $9,755 - $785 -
1978 $8,173 - $683 -
1977 $6,784 - $600 -
1976 $5,656 - $520 -
1975 $5,265 - $468 -
1974 $4,613 - $418 -
1973 $3,875 - $257.2 -
1972 $2,913 - $261.9 -
1971 $2,372 - $233.4 -
1970 $2,051 - $221.6 -
1969 $1,834 - $207.1 -
1968 $1,686 - $195.5 -
1967 $1,577 - $176.1 -
1966 $1,494 - $159.3 -
1965 $1,381 - $147.1 -
1964 $1,275 - $135.2 -
1963 $1,173 - $122.6 -
1962 $1,093 - $116.2 -
1961 $1,037 - $108.5 -
1960 $940 - $101.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $4,421 in Bolivia, ranking 125/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878.

Economic indicators

Austria Bolivia
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$54.9B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
88/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
-1.12%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$4,421
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
125/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$12,878
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
122/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$53.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
98%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$4,331
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
88/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$4,720
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
31.3%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
1.8%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
39.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
5.1%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
3.26%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
2.73%
2024
Population
9163419
12798112

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Bolivia
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Bolivia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 39.8% 98%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 38.7% 90.8%
2022 53% 78.4% 36% 80.1%
2021 56% 82.4% 34.8% 81.4%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 36.8% 78%
2019 49.1% 71% 36.1% 58.6%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 37.7% 53.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 38.6% 51.3%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 40% 46.5%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 44.5% 40.9%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 41.2% 37.6%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 35.4% 36.1%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 36% 35.4%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 35.4% 35.3%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 31.5% 37.6%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 33.2% 39.2%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 35.3% 36.8%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 32.7% 40%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 29.8% 54.4%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 33.2% 82.2%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 32.3% 89.8%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 32% 95.6%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 33.3% 86.7%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 32% 83%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 29.3% 74.3%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 29.4% 61.7%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 30% 61.2%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 28.3% 64.6%
1996 55.9% 68.2% 26% 72.4%
1995 56.1% 68.2% 25.8% 81.7%
1994 54.3% 64.1% 26.8% 87.6%
1993 54.3% 61% 27.2% 83.8%
1992 49.3% 56.3% 25.3% 92.4%
1991 47.9% 56.4% 24.2% 92.8%
1990 46.8% 56.2% 22.8% 102.9%
1989 51.6% 56.6% 24.4% 98%
1988 53.1% 57.7% 24% 115.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 24.4% 145.3%
1986 54.3% 52% 22.2% 149%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 21.8% 205.2%
1984 52.6% 46% 29% 166.5%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 32.1% 157.3%
1982 52% 39.7% 25% 155.4%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 16.6% 121.7%
1980 50% 35.6% 19.8% 100%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 18% 92%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 17.3% 82.5%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 18.6% 82.4%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 16.8% 68.9%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 14.4% 56.2%
1974 42% 16.8% 14.2% 52.7%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 14.1% 80.9%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 11.8% 77.7%
1971 40% 17.4% 11.3% 65.7%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 10% 63.9%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 12.3% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 14.1% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 13.1% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 12.9% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 12.9% -
1964 38.7% 15.5% 10.8% -
1963 38.6% 15.6% 10.8% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% 10.2% -
1961 35.7% 16% 10.7% -
1960 36.3% 17.7% 10.1% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Bolivia spent $21.9B, or 39.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 98% in Bolivia, ranking 44/185 and 26/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Bolivia
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Bolivia
2024 -4.64% -10.6%
2023 -2.62% -10.9%
2022 -3.31% -7.12%
2021 -5.69% -9.33%
2020 -8.2% -12.7%
2019 0.54% -7.25%
2018 0.2% -8.17%
2017 -0.78% -7.86%
2016 -1.45% -7.24%
2015 -0.48% -6.93%
2014 -1.92% -3.41%
2013 -1.99% 0.6%
2012 -2.18% 1.72%
2011 -2.48% 0.83%
2010 -4.46% 1.62%
2009 -5.38% 2.63%
2008 -1.57% 3.53%
2007 -1.56% -1.54%
2006 -2.61% 4.47%
2005 -2.59% -2.24%
2004 -4.94% -5.54%
2003 -1.84% -7.88%
2002 -1.43% -8.79%
2001 -0.71% -6.82%
2000 -2.07% -3.73%
1999 -2.63% -3.84%
1998 -2.68% -5.1%
1997 -2.38% -3.28%
1996 -4.38% -1.9%
1995 -6.17% -1.82%
1994 -5.04% -3%
1993 -4.57% -6.1%
1992 -2.15% -4.4%
1991 -2.96% -4.2%
1990 -2.58% -4.4%
1989 -3.07% -5.5%
1988 -3.43% -6.5%
1987 -4.33% -7.7%
1986 -3.84% -2.7%
1985 -2.71% -9.8%
1984 -2.67% -25.4%
1983 -4.22% -19.8%
1982 -3.29% -15.9%
1981 -1.79% -12.3%
1980 -1.62% -15.3%
1979 -2.3% -11.2%
1978 -2.67% -9.97%
1977 -2.11% -11.2%
1976 -3.61% -1.15%
1975 -2.41% -2.33%
1974 1.23% -1.87%
1973 1.24% -3.72%
1972 1.97% -3.69%
1971 1.46% -3.67%
1970 1.16% -1.92%
1969 -0.08% -4.16%
1968 -0.83% -5.67%
1967 -0.56% -4.29%
1966 1.73% -3.55%
1965 1.38% -4.12%
1964 0.48% -2.68%
1963 -0.5% -3.02%
1962 1.12% -2.8%
1961 1.68% -2.81%
1960 -0.49% -3.35%
1959 -2.16% -4.32%
1958 -3.52% -2.95%
1957 -0.7% -1.11%
1956 -0.78% -0.11%
1955 -0.5% 0.33%
1954 -0.35% 0.006%
1953 -0.24% -0.48%
1952 -0.73% -0.94%
1951 -1.57% -0.42%
1950 -7.72% -1.17%
1949 -9.23% -
1948 -9.3% -
1947 - -
1946 - -
1945 - -
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -
1940 - -
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 -2.84% -
1936 -3.91% -
1935 -5.46% -
1934 -5.28% -
1933 -3.55% -
1932 -9.16% -
1931 -11.5% -
1930 -9.68% -
1929 -6.83% -
1928 -7.63% -
1927 -7.3% -
1926 -6.18% -
1925 -4.96% -
1924 -5.69% -
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Bolivia's deficit of $5.83B, or 10.6% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Bolivia ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 5.52% of GDP for Bolivia.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Bolivia
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Bolivia
2024 2.94% 5.1%
2023 7.81% 2.58%
2022 8.55% 1.75%
2021 2.77% 0.74%
2020 1.38% 0.94%
2019 1.53% 1.84%
2018 2% 2.27%
2017 2.08% 2.82%
2016 0.89% 3.62%
2015 0.9% 4.06%
2014 1.61% 5.77%
2013 2% 5.74%
2012 2.49% 4.52%
2011 3.29% 9.88%
2010 1.81% 2.5%
2009 0.51% 3.35%
2008 3.22% 14%
2007 2.17% 8.71%
2006 1.44% 4.28%
2005 2.3% 5.39%
2004 2.06% 4.44%
2003 1.36% 3.34%
2002 1.81% 0.93%
2001 2.65% 1.59%
2000 2.34% 4.61%
1999 0.57% 2.16%
1998 0.92% 7.67%
1997 1.31% 4.71%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 4.26% in Bolivia. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 5.1% in Bolivia.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $5.11M
Chemicals & pharma $4.06M
Textiles & consumer goods $614K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $559K
Raw materials & minerals $113K
Metals $99K
Wood & paper products $98K
Miscellaneous $55K
Weapons & explosives $19K
Precious metals & jewellery $1K
Bolivia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $6.49M
Raw agricultural goods $216K
Textiles & consumer goods $47K
Metals $29K
Wood & paper products $20K
Machinery & equipment $15K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $3K
Chemicals & pharma $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Bolivia
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$1.41B
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
132/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-2.56%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$9.15B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$8.93B
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$2.35B
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$1.14B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
25.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
21.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Bolivia
Economic freedom 69.8 42.4
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 184/197
Property rights 95.7 20.2
Government integrity 75 27.1
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 29.5
Tax burden 45.7 86.4
Government spending 12.8 56.3
Fiscal health 67.1 0.8
Business freedom 78.7 53.6
Labor freedom 81.6 52.2
Monetary freedom 76.4 67.1
Trade freedom 79.4 60.6
Investment freedom 60 15
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Bolivia
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Bolivia
2026 69.8 42.4
2025 69.7 44.1
2024 68.4 43.5
2023 71.1 43.4
2022 73.8 43
2021 73.9 42.7
2020 73.3 42.8
2019 72 42.3
2018 71.8 44.1
2017 72.3 47.7
2016 71.7 47.4
2015 71.2 46.8
2014 72.4 48.4
2013 71.8 47.9
2012 70.3 50.2
2011 71.9 50
2010 71.6 49.4
2009 71.2 53.6
2008 71.4 53.1
2007 71.6 54.2
2006 71.1 57.8
2005 68.8 58.4
2004 67.6 64.5
2003 67.6 64.3
2002 67.4 65.1
2001 68.1 68
2000 68.4 65
1999 64 65.6
1998 65.4 68.8
1997 65.2 65.1
1996 68.9 65.2
1995 70 56.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/bolivia | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 42.4 for Bolivia, ranking 184/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Bolivia
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
53.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
31.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
8.83%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$51.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$12,620
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$1.98B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
127/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$113M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$387M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$133M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.41%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
36.5%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
17.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.