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Economy of Austria vs Haiti compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Austria has a GDP of $535B compared to $25.2B for Haiti, ranking 30/197 and 117/197 by economy size, respectively.

Austria has $432B in government debt (80.8% of GDP), compared to $3.91B (15.5% of GDP) in Haiti.

Austria vs Haiti GDP by year

Austria
Haiti
1x
Year GDP, current $
Austria Haiti
2024 $534,790,720,467 $25,224,154,991
2023 $516,670,509,629 $19,850,585,722
2022 $473,221,298,968 $20,253,551,921
2021 $480,466,363,177 $20,944,387,976
2020 $434,397,601,558 $14,508,222,518
2019 $442,983,642,372 $15,016,090,930
2018 $452,582,294,973 $16,403,864,618
2017 $414,926,138,133 $15,093,357,161
2016 $393,687,359,770 $14,069,277,526
2015 $379,546,097,301 $14,849,629,309
2014 $438,556,021,078 $15,146,883,498
2013 $426,580,502,769 $14,902,488,604
2012 $406,750,487,604 $13,708,925,477
2011 $428,954,737,064 $13,008,746,039
2010 $389,827,789,218 $11,859,312,725
2009 $399,290,118,782 $11,597,002,835
2008 $429,234,399,096 $10,432,962,635
2007 $386,760,177,589 $9,228,637,768
2006 $333,905,979,332 $7,638,739,123
2005 $313,952,317,331 $7,030,149,730
2004 $299,210,411,455 $6,087,360,684
2003 $260,779,834,340 $5,071,947,798
2002 $212,837,224,023 $6,205,847,214
2001 $196,477,206,829 $6,331,970,324
2000 $196,181,599,831 $6,813,566,099
1999 $216,421,809,126 $4,153,725,884
1998 $217,068,085,816 $3,723,903,724
1997 $211,724,812,267 $3,338,949,152
1996 $235,952,581,232 $2,907,517,604
1995 $240,094,169,510 $2,813,313,279
1994 $202,738,023,130 $2,167,569,046
1993 $189,634,029,339 $1,878,253,767
1992 $194,314,032,056 $2,257,129,792
1991 $173,113,449,617 $3,473,562,628
1990 $165,811,372,383 $3,096,289,800
1989 $132,584,448,258 $2,736,243,800
1988 $132,817,124,707 $2,613,926,800
1987 $123,682,091,859 $2,047,200,000
1986 $98,648,254,169 $2,318,000,000
1985 $69,114,996,010 $2,009,400,000
1984 $67,719,055,773 $1,816,200,000
1983 $71,838,528,420 $1,623,600,000
1982 $70,996,111,963 $1,474,200,000
1981 $70,755,997,062 $1,479,400,000
1980 $81,737,498,405 $1,383,800,000
1979 $73,647,694,287 $1,080,600,000
1978 $61,809,208,756 $974,200,000
1977 $51,343,861,460 $947,000,000
1976 $42,791,707,448 $879,000,000
1975 $39,902,300,703 $681,400,000
1974 $35,051,468,640 $565,399,322
1973 $29,399,860,145 $466,798,973
1972 $21,973,207,929 $371,998,958
1971 $17,788,536,733 $362,800,000
1970 $15,312,791,744 $331,200,000
1969 $13,647,475,854 $391,820,400
1968 $12,499,863,917 $367,968,800
1967 $11,634,569,522 $369,124,200
1966 $10,939,526,219 $368,948,600
1965 $10,041,659,445 $353,251,800
1964 $9,213,648,656 $325,281,200
1963 $8,414,050,621 $294,883,400
1962 $7,793,042,529 $281,896,800
1961 $7,346,566,038 $271,066,000
1960 $6,624,086,313 $273,187,200

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

GDP per capita in Austria vs Haiti by year

Austria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Haiti
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Austria Haiti
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $58,269 $73,911 $2,143 $3,194
2023 $56,580 $73,545 $1,706 $3,292
2022 $52,337 $72,065 $1,761 $3,275
2021 $53,649 $62,969 $1,841 $3,145
2020 $48,716 $58,523 $1,290 $3,103
2019 $49,886 $60,355 $1,352 $3,237
2018 $51,194 $56,636 $1,496 $3,197
2017 $47,164 $53,870 $1,395 $3,339
2016 $45,061 $52,398 $1,318 $3,253
2015 $43,915 $49,549 $1,411 $3,026
2014 $51,315 $48,355 $1,460 $3,076
2013 $50,305 $47,520 $1,458 $3,042
2012 $48,250 $46,156 $1,361 $2,830
2011 $51,117 $44,172 $1,312 $2,858
2010 $46,611 $41,735 $1,210 $2,695
2009 $47,857 $40,687 $1,197 $2,855
2008 $51,581 $41,047 $1,095 $2,724
2007 $46,623 $39,192 $985 $2,647
2006 $40,382 $37,388 $829 $2,504
2005 $38,157 $34,777 $776 $2,427
2004 $36,614 $33,519 $683 $2,322
2003 $32,110 $31,959 $579 $2,331
2002 $26,335 $30,952 $721 $2,248
2001 $24,430 $29,553 $749 $2,230
2000 $24,487 $29,221 $821 $2,229
1999 $27,079 $27,500 $510 $2,201
1998 $27,212 $26,531 $465 $2,152
1997 $26,572 $25,301 $425 $2,122
1996 $29,646 $24,427 $377 $2,070
1995 $30,207 $23,604 $372 $1,989
1994 $25,546 $22,553 $292.1 $1,807
1993 $23,987 $21,647 $258.1 $2,048
1992 $24,783 $21,209 $316 $2,158
1991 $22,323 $20,536 $497 $2,273
1990 $21,596 $19,396 $452 $2,202
1989 $17,401 - $407 -
1988 $17,510 - $397 -
1987 $16,329 - $318 -
1986 $13,032 - $367 -
1985 $9,136 - $325 -
1984 $8,956 - $299.2 -
1983 $9,500 - $272.8 -
1982 $9,373 - $252.6 -
1981 $9,348 - $258.5 -
1980 $10,827 - $246.5 -
1979 $9,755 - $196.2 -
1978 $8,173 - $180.3 -
1977 $6,784 - $178.7 -
1976 $5,656 - $169.1 -
1975 $5,265 - $133.6 -
1974 $4,613 - $113 -
1973 $3,875 - $95.1 -
1972 $2,913 - $77.3 -
1971 $2,372 - $76.8 -
1970 $2,051 - $71.5 -
1969 $1,834 - $86.1 -
1968 $1,686 - $82.4 -
1967 $1,577 - $84.2 -
1966 $1,494 - $85.7 -
1965 $1,381 - $83.6 -
1964 $1,275 - $78.5 -
1963 $1,173 - $72.4 -
1962 $1,093 - $70.4 -
1961 $1,037 - $69 -
1960 $940 - $70.8 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

Austria's GDP per capita is $58,269, ranking 16/197, compared to $2,143 in Haiti, ranking 153/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Austria ranks 19th at $73,911, while Haiti ranks 177th at $3,194.

Economic indicators

Austria Haiti
Gross domestic product
$535B
2024
$25.2B
2024
GDP rank
30/197
2024
117/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.66%
2023-2024
-4.17%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$58,269
2024
$2,143
2024
GDP per capita rank
16/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$73,911
2024
$3,194
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
19/197
2024
177/197
2024
Government debt
$432B
2024
$3.91B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
80.8%
2024
15.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$47,075
2024
$332
2024
Government debt per person rank
10/185
2024
176/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,736
2026
$1,896
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$121B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
9
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2023
31.2%
2012
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
2.1%
2012
Government expenditure, % of GDP
56%
2024
5.25%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.94%
2023-2024
26.9%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
5.16%
2024
14.1%
2012
Population
9163419
12076663

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Austria
Spending

Debt
Haiti
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Austria Haiti
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 56% 80.8% 5.25% 15.5%
2023 52.7% 78.5% 6.46% 28.5%
2022 53% 78.4% 8.33% 29.5%
2021 56% 82.4% 9.42% 28.9%
2020 57.3% 83.2% 9.86% 22.3%
2019 49.1% 71% 9.59% 26.5%
2018 49.2% 74.6% 11.3% 24.1%
2017 49.8% 79.1% 10.2% 22.5%
2016 50.6% 83.4% 10.5% 24.4%
2015 51.2% 85.6% 12.7% 23.9%
2014 52.4% 85.2% 14.6% 21.4%
2013 52.4% 82.4% 15.9% 25.1%
2012 51.8% 82.9% 16.4% 24.1%
2011 51.3% 83.4% 14.1% 22.3%
2010 53.4% 83.7% 12.6% 24.9%
2009 54.6% 80.8% 11.6% 19.4%
2008 50.4% 69.5% 11.2% 33.9%
2007 49.7% 65.8% 11.1% 24.4%
2006 50.9% 68.2% 9.67% 32.2%
2005 51.7% 69.4% 8.75% 29.7%
2004 54.3% 65.9% 7.38% 30.4%
2003 51.8% 66.4% 7.83% 37.8%
2002 51.6% 67.4% 6.64% 32%
2001 51.8% 67.2% 6.11% 28.8%
2000 50.9% 66.1% 6.25% 32.5%
1999 50.5% 61.3% 6.91% 24.1%
1998 54.4% 69.2% 5.4% 24%
1997 52.5% 63.4% 5.46% 26.2%
1996 55.9% 68.2% - 26.2%
1995 56.1% 68.2% - 26.2%
1994 54.3% 64.1% - 35.3%
1993 54.3% 61% - 98%
1992 49.3% 56.3% - 118.9%
1991 47.9% 56.4% - 80.7%
1990 46.8% 56.2% - 85.1%
1989 51.6% 56.6% - 98.7%
1988 53.1% 57.7% - 90.9%
1987 54.5% 55.5% 32.4% 58.6%
1986 54.3% 52% 15.1% 26.5%
1985 53.5% 47.8% 17.4% 25.6%
1984 52.6% 46% 16.9% 27.3%
1983 52.4% 43.7% 21.9% 28.9%
1982 52% 39.7% 20.7% 25.5%
1981 51.5% 37.5% 17.4% 23.7%
1980 50% 35.6% 17.2% 20.3%
1979 49.8% 34.1% 13.1% 19.8%
1978 50.8% 32.2% 18.9% 20.1%
1977 47.6% 28.5% 16.7% 18.5%
1976 47.9% 26.2% 13.4% 14.9%
1975 46.1% 22.8% 12.8% 14.2%
1974 42% 16.8% 9.24% 13.3%
1973 41.5% 16.7% 9.4% 8.92%
1972 40.1% 16.7% 11.2% 11.1%
1971 40% 17.4% 11.2% 11%
1970 39.5% 18.6% 11.4% 12.5%
1969 40.7% 16.8% 10.1% -
1968 40.9% 16.8% 10.3% -
1967 40.7% 15.6% 7.52% -
1966 38.7% 14.1% 7.2% -
1965 38.3% 14.8% 7.91% -
1964 38.7% 15.5% - -
1963 38.6% 15.6% 8.95% -
1962 37.6% 15.5% - -
1961 35.7% 16% - -
1960 36.3% 17.7% 7.34% 21.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government spending was $300B, accounting for 56% of its GDP, while Haiti spent $1.32B, or 5.25% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 80.8% in Austria and 15.5% in Haiti, ranking 44/185 and 177/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Austria

Haiti
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Austria Haiti
2024 -4.64% 6.96%
2023 -2.62% 0.77%
2022 -3.31% -1.75%
2021 -5.69% -2.45%
2020 -8.2% -1.96%
2019 0.54% -1.99%
2018 0.2% -1.13%
2017 -0.78% -0.32%
2016 -1.45% 0.12%
2015 -0.48% -1.47%
2014 -1.92% -3.64%
2013 -1.99% -3.98%
2012 -2.18% -2.71%
2011 -2.48% -1.43%
2010 -4.46% -1.5%
2009 -5.38% -2%
2008 -1.57% -1.8%
2007 -1.56% -1.55%
2006 -2.61% -0.91%
2005 -2.59% -0.83%
2004 -4.94% -1.34%
2003 -1.84% -2.24%
2002 -1.43% -1.8%
2001 -0.71% -1.55%
2000 -2.07% -1.36%
1999 -2.63% -1.54%
1998 -2.68% 0.21%
1997 -2.38% 0.37%
1996 -4.38% -
1995 -6.17% -
1994 -5.04% -
1993 -4.57% -
1992 -2.15% -
1991 -2.96% -
1990 -2.58% -
1989 -3.07% -
1988 -3.43% -
1987 -4.33% -4.94%
1986 -3.84% -1.4%
1985 -2.71% -0.97%
1984 -2.67% -3.52%
1983 -4.22% -5.72%
1982 -3.29% -3.93%
1981 -1.79% -4.38%
1980 -1.62% -5.68%
1979 -2.3% -2.21%
1978 -2.67% -3.24%
1977 -2.11% -2.85%
1976 -3.61% -1.16%
1975 -2.41% -1.73%
1974 1.23% 0.23%
1973 1.24% 0.03%
1972 1.97% 0.24%
1971 1.46% -0.08%
1970 1.16% -0.19%
1969 -0.08% -0.39%
1968 -0.83% -0.46%
1967 -0.56% 0%
1966 1.73% 0%
1965 1.38% 0%
1964 0.48% -
1963 -0.5% 0%
1962 1.12% -
1961 1.68% -
1960 -0.49% 0.006%
1959 -2.16% -1.11%
1958 -3.52% -2.21%
1957 -0.7% 0.28%
1956 -0.78% -2.18%
1955 -0.5% -0.86%
1954 -0.35% -0.81%
1953 -0.24% -1.01%
1952 -0.73% -
1951 -1.57% -
1950 -7.72% -
1949 -9.23% -0.12%
1948 -9.3% 0.21%
1947 - 1.06%
1946 - 0.51%
1945 - 0.47%
1944 - -
1943 - -
1942 - -
1941 - -0.21%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - -0.16%
1938 - 0.15%
1937 -2.84% -0.08%
1936 -3.91% -0.06%
1935 -5.46% -0.2%
1934 -5.28% -1.23%
1933 -3.55% 0%
1932 -9.16% 0.4%
1931 -11.5% -0.49%
1930 -9.68% -0.52%
1929 -6.83% -0.32%
1928 -7.63% -0.25%
1927 -7.3% 0.73%
1926 -6.18% -0.45%
1925 -4.96% 0.05%
1924 -5.69% -0.14%
1923 - -
1922 - -
1921 - -
1920 - -
1919 - -
1918 - -
1917 - -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - -
1912 -0.69% -
1911 0.03% -
1910 -0.42% -
1909 -5.51% -
1908 -1.24% -
1907 -2.73% -
1906 -0.05% -
1905 -0.71% -
1904 -1.12% -
1903 -0.97% -
1902 -0.75% -
1901 -0.56% -
1900 -0.05% -
1899 -0.08% -
1898 -0.17% -
1897 0.1% -
1896 0.03% -
1895 0.36% -
1894 -1.16% -
1893 -1.31% -
1892 -0.86% -
1891 -4.01% -
1890 -0.26% -
1889 -1.61% -
1888 -0.97% -
1887 -1.09% -
1886 -0.43% -
1885 -0.57% -
1884 -6.43% -
1883 -0.69% -
1882 -1.06% -
1881 -3.91% -
1880 -1.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

In 2024, Austria's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $24.8B, equivalent to 4.64% of GDP. This compares to Haiti's surplus of $1.76B, or 6.96% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Austria recorded a fiscal deficit in 53 of those years, while Haiti ran a deficit in 40 years. On average, Austria posted an annual deficit equal to 2.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.42% of GDP for Haiti.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Austria

Haiti
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Austria Haiti
2024 2.94% 26.9%
2023 7.81% 36.8%
2022 8.55% 34%
2021 2.77% 16.8%
2020 1.38% 22.8%
2019 1.53% 18.7%
2018 2% 12.5%
2017 2.08% 10.7%
2016 0.89% 11.5%
2015 0.9% 6.73%
2014 1.61% 3.44%
2013 2% 4.77%
2012 2.49% 5.02%
2011 3.29% 6.33%
2010 1.81% 4.83%
2009 0.51% 0.39%
2008 3.22% 15.3%
2007 2.17% 6.56%
2006 1.44% 11.3%
2005 2.3% 14%
2004 2.06% 21%
2003 1.36% 28.7%
2002 1.81% 7.03%
2001 2.65% 13.3%
2000 2.34% 9.33%
1999 0.57% 3%
1998 0.92% 5.27%
1997 1.31% 20.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Austria has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.31%, compared with 13.5% in Haiti. In 2024, inflation was 2.94% in Austria and 26.9% in Haiti.

Top exports between countries

Austria
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $477K
Chemicals & pharma $282K
Precious metals & jewellery $165K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $116K
Metals $19K
Raw materials & minerals $16K
Textiles & consumer goods $10K
Wood & paper products $7K
Miscellaneous $1K
Haiti
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $2K
Metals $1K

Balance of trade

Austria Haiti
Current account balance
$8.19B
2024
-$145M
2024
Current account balance ranking
25/190
2024
92/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.53%
2024
-0.58%
2024
Goods imports
$195B
2024
$4.27B
2024
Goods exports
$201B
2024
$767M
2024
Service imports
$90.5B
2024
$518M
2024
Service exports
$96.6B
2024
$96.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.1%
2024
18.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
55.7%
2024
3.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Austria Haiti
Economic freedom 69.8 46.1
Economic freedom ranking 38/197 178/197
Property rights 95.7 6.6
Government integrity 75 13
Judicial effectiveness 94.8 17.3
Tax burden 45.7 81.7
Government spending 12.8 98.7
Fiscal health 67.1 99.5
Business freedom 78.7 30.7
Labor freedom 81.6 54.7
Monetary freedom 76.4 45.1
Trade freedom 79.4 66.4
Investment freedom 60 20
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Austria
Haiti
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Austria Haiti
2026 69.8 46.1
2025 69.7 46.1
2024 68.4 48.2
2023 71.1 49.9
2022 73.8 50
2021 73.9 50.8
2020 73.3 52.3
2019 72 52.7
2018 71.8 55.8
2017 72.3 49.6
2016 71.7 51.3
2015 71.2 51.3
2014 72.4 48.9
2013 71.8 48.1
2012 70.3 50.7
2011 71.9 52.1
2010 71.6 50.8
2009 71.2 50.5
2008 71.4 49
2007 71.6 51.4
2006 71.1 49.2
2005 68.8 48.4
2004 67.6 51.2
2003 67.6 50.6
2002 67.4 47.9
2001 68.1 47.1
2000 68.4 45.7
1999 64 45.9
1998 65.4 45.7
1997 65.2 45.8
1996 68.9 41
1995 70 43

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Austria is 69.8, ranking 38/197, compared to 46.1 for Haiti, ranking 178/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Austria Haiti
Services, % of GDP
64%
2024
48.3%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.6%
2024
33.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.22%
2024
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$503B
2024
$20.7B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$74,160
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$35.4B
2024
$2.72B
2024
Total reserves ranking
53/177
2024
121/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$135M
2024
-$20M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$20M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$13.8B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.15%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
14.8%
2021
58.5%
2012
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.6%
2024
9.94%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/austria/haiti | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1996, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.