Fertility & birth rates in Rwanda and United Kingdom

Fertility rate in Rwanda vs United Kingdom chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Rwanda was 3.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.56 in the United Kingdom in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Rwanda vs the United Kingdom population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Table

Year	Fertility rate
	Rwanda	United Kingdom
1960	8.28	2.69
1961	8.28	2.78
1962	8.27	2.86
1963	8.27	2.88
1964	8.27	2.93
1965	8.25	2.86
1966	8.23	2.78
1967	8.21	2.68
1968	8.19	2.6
1969	8.18	2.51
1970	8.15	2.44
1971	8.09	2.41
1972	8.09	2.2
1973	8.09	2.04
1974	8.1	1.92
1975	8.1	1.81
1976	8.12	1.74
1977	8.14	1.69
1978	8.16	1.75
1979	8.13	1.86
1980	8.12	1.9
1981	8.1	1.82
1982	8.06	1.78
1983	8	1.77
1984	7.91	1.77
1985	7.79	1.79
1986	7.61	1.78
1987	7.43	1.81
1988	7.23	1.82
1989	7.03	1.79
1990	6.8	1.83
1991	6.62	1.82
1992	6.54	1.79
1993	6.48	1.76
1994	6.42	1.74
1995	6.35	1.71
1996	6.29	1.73
1997	6.24	1.72
1998	6.17	1.71
1999	6.06	1.68
2000	5.97	1.64
2001	5.89	1.63
2002	5.82	1.63
2003	5.74	1.7
2004	5.64	1.75
2005	5.5	1.76
2006	5.34	1.82
2007	5.14	1.86
2008	4.92	1.91
2009	4.71	1.89
2010	4.52	1.92
2011	4.33	1.91
2012	4.2	1.92
2013	4.14	1.83
2014	4.12	1.81
2015	4.11	1.8
2016	4.11	1.79
2017	4.08	1.74
2018	4.05	1.68
2019	3.99	1.63
2020	3.91	1.57
2021	3.84	1.58
2022	3.78	1.56
2023	3.7	1.56
2024	3.64	1.55
2025	3.59	1.54
2026	3.54	1.53
2027	3.49	1.53
2028	3.43	1.53
2029	3.38	1.52
2030	3.33	1.52
2031	3.28	1.52
2032	3.24	1.53
2033	3.19	1.53
2034	3.15	1.53
2035	3.11	1.53
2036	3.07	1.53
2037	3.03	1.53
2038	2.99	1.53
2039	2.95	1.53
2040	2.92	1.53
2041	2.89	1.54
2042	2.85	1.54
2043	2.81	1.54
2044	2.78	1.54
2045	2.75	1.54
2046	2.72	1.54
2047	2.69	1.54
2048	2.67	1.54
2049	2.64	1.55
2050	2.61	1.55

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Table

Year	Share of people 0-14 years old
	Rwanda	United Kingdom
1960	49.2%	23.3%
1961	49.7%	23.3%
1962	50.2%	23.2%
1963	50.6%	23.2%
1964	50.8%	23.3%
1965	50.6%	23.4%
1966	50.2%	23.5%
1967	49.7%	23.7%
1968	49.2%	23.9%
1969	48.7%	24%
1970	48.2%	24.1%
1971	47.9%	24.1%
1972	47.5%	24%
1973	47.2%	23.9%
1974	46.9%	23.6%
1975	46.6%	23.3%
1976	46.4%	22.9%
1977	46.4%	22.4%
1978	46.4%	21.9%
1979	46.5%	21.4%
1980	46.8%	21%
1981	47.1%	20.6%
1982	47.4%	20.2%
1983	47.7%	19.8%
1984	48.1%	19.5%
1985	48.3%	19.3%
1986	48.6%	19.1%
1987	48.8%	18.9%
1988	48.9%	18.9%
1989	48.9%	19.1%
1990	49%	19.1%
1991	48.9%	19.3%
1992	48.7%	19.4%
1993	48.4%	19.5%
1994	50.1%	19.6%
1995	52.4%	19.5%
1996	51.4%	19.4%
1997	50.5%	19.3%
1998	49.2%	19.3%
1999	47.8%	19.2%
2000	46.4%	18.9%
2001	45.2%	18.7%
2002	44.3%	18.5%
2003	43.7%	18.4%
2004	43.3%	18.3%
2005	43.1%	18.2%
2006	42.9%	18%
2007	42.9%	17.9%
2008	42.8%	17.8%
2009	42.6%	17.8%
2010	42.4%	17.8%
2011	42.2%	17.7%
2012	41.9%	17.8%
2013	41.7%	17.8%
2014	41.4%	17.8%
2015	41.1%	17.9%
2016	40.9%	18%
2017	40.5%	18%
2018	40.1%	18.1%
2019	39.7%	18%
2020	39.2%	18%
2021	38.6%	17.8%
2022	38.2%	17.6%
2023	37.7%	17.4%
2024	37.4%	17.2%
2025	37%	17%
2026	36.7%	16.7%
2027	36.4%	16.5%
2028	36%	16.2%
2029	35.7%	16%
2030	35.4%	15.7%
2031	35%	15.5%
2032	34.7%	15.3%
2033	34.4%	15.2%
2034	34.1%	15.1%
2035	33.7%	15%
2036	33.4%	14.9%
2037	33.1%	14.9%
2038	32.9%	14.8%
2039	32.6%	14.8%
2040	32.3%	14.8%
2041	32%	14.8%
2042	31.7%	14.8%
2043	31.4%	14.9%
2044	31.1%	14.9%
2045	30.8%	14.9%
2046	30.5%	15%
2047	30.2%	15%
2048	29.9%	15%
2049	29.7%	15%
2050	29.4%	15.1%

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.4% of the population in Rwanda and 17.2% in the United Kingdom in 2024, compared to 49% and 19.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Rwanda and the United Kingdom compared.

Natural population change in Rwanda vs United Kingdom by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.45% in Rwanda and +0.16% in the United Kingdom. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Table

Year	Population change due to births and deaths
	Rwanda	United Kingdom
1960	100,627	314,400
1961	102,051	311,519
1962	102,548	340,800
1963	94,296	337,995
1964	102,562	405,000
1965	103,422	364,132
1966	105,128	333,356
1967	108,053	346,145
1968	111,422	292,622
1969	115,394	260,577
1970	119,273	244,918
1971	122,567	257,123
1972	126,403	162,650
1973	131,021	112,389
1974	135,743	67,476
1975	140,596	33,735
1976	147,665	-5,621
1977	155,011	0
1978	163,779	16,859
1979	174,477	61,872
1980	184,988	95,734
1981	195,769	73,234
1982	205,147	56,314
1983	212,750	61,966
1984	219,337	84,633
1985	223,794	79,170
1986	225,526	90,690
1987	225,744	136,325
1988	223,759	136,628
1989	217,632	119,861
1990	207,895	154,569
1991	196,431	143,562
1992	188,025	149,709
1993	183,926	103,893
1994	-719,479	127,304
1995	121,137	87,028
1996	140,455	98,884
1997	174,687	99,138
1998	197,185	87,730
1999	210,518	64,551
2000	221,276	70,671
2001	230,845	65,032
2002	239,036	65,308
2003	251,243	89,471
2004	265,273	131,974
2005	275,121	144,963
2006	282,149	176,455
2007	285,791	196,232
2008	287,334	216,325
2009	287,034	230,422
2010	286,848	251,066
2011	282,922	259,361
2012	282,584	248,473
2013	286,331	198,830
2014	292,779	206,784
2015	299,114	175,738
2016	305,549	177,139
2017	310,323	145,125
2018	312,512	119,321
2019	313,525	108,342
2020	312,692	-4,272
2021	309,895	30,612
2022	312,145	39,751
2023	312,762	34,589

Maternal mortality chart: Rwanda vs United Kingdom

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 229 deaths per 100,000 live births in Rwanda, compared to 8 deaths in the United Kingdom.

Table

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Rwanda	United Kingdom
1985	1,116	2
1986	1,126	2
1987	1,145	3
1988	1,188	4
1989	1,238	5
1990	1,309	6
1991	1,386	7
1992	1,530	7
1993	1,619	8
1994	5,721	9
1995	1,505	9
1996	1,295	8
1997	1,318	9
1998	1,268	10
1999	1,073	11
2000	885	12
2001	769	13
2002	677	13
2003	551	14
2004	460	13
2005	465	12
2006	494	12
2007	494	11
2008	454	11
2009	418	11
2010	393	10
2011	358	10
2012	331	9
2013	317	9
2014	301	9
2015	292	9
2016	278	9
2017	275	9
2018	269	9
2019	261	9
2020	252	14
2021	254	13
2022	234	15
2023	229	8

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4% in Rwanda and 0.45% in the United Kingdom. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Table

Year	Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
	Rwanda	United Kingdom
1960	22.4%	2.66%
1961	21.9%	2.61%
1962	21.5%	2.56%
1963	21.3%	2.49%
1964	21.1%	2.42%
1965	21.1%	2.34%
1966	21.2%	2.28%
1967	21.4%	2.22%
1968	21.7%	2.18%
1969	22%	2.14%
1970	22.3%	2.1%
1971	22.6%	2.06%
1972	23%	2%
1973	23.4%	1.94%
1974	24%	1.87%
1975	24.6%	1.8%
1976	25.1%	1.72%
1977	25.1%	1.64%
1978	24.6%	1.57%
1979	23.4%	1.49%
1980	21.8%	1.41%
1981	20.1%	1.34%
1982	18.6%	1.27%
1983	17.4%	1.22%
1984	16.6%	1.17%
1985	16.1%	1.14%
1986	15.6%	1.11%
1987	15.2%	1.08%
1988	14.8%	1.04%
1989	14.8%	0.99%
1990	15.1%	0.93%
1991	16%	0.87%
1992	17.5%	0.82%
1993	19.3%	0.77%
1994	38.9%	0.74%
1995	21.8%	0.72%
1996	22.2%	0.7%
1997	22.2%	0.69%
1998	21.5%	0.68%
1999	20.2%	0.67%
2000	18.5%	0.65%
2001	16.7%	0.64%
2002	14.9%	0.63%
2003	13.3%	0.63%
2004	11.8%	0.61%
2005	10.5%	0.6%
2006	9.37%	0.59%
2007	8.45%	0.58%
2008	7.62%	0.56%
2009	6.92%	0.54%
2010	6.33%	0.52%
2011	5.81%	0.5%
2012	5.45%	0.48%
2013	5.17%	0.46%
2014	4.96%	0.45%
2015	4.78%	0.45%
2016	4.63%	0.44%
2017	4.52%	0.44%
2018	4.43%	0.44%
2019	4.34%	0.44%
2020	4.25%	0.44%
2021	4.16%	0.44%
2022	4.08%	0.45%
2023	4%	0.45%