Fertility & birth rates in Mali and Rwanda

Fertility rate in Mali vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Mali

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Mali	Rwanda
2023	5.61	3.7
2022	5.69	3.78
2021	5.78	3.84
2020	5.85	3.91
2019	5.89	3.99
2018	6.12	4.05
2017	6.25	4.08
2016	6.32	4.11
2015	6.39	4.11
2014	6.44	4.12
2013	6.49	4.14
2012	6.52	4.2
2011	6.55	4.33
2010	6.58	4.52
2009	6.59	4.71
2008	6.62	4.92
2007	6.65	5.14
2006	6.68	5.34
2005	6.71	5.5
2004	6.74	5.64
2003	6.78	5.74
2002	6.82	5.82
2001	6.85	5.89
2000	6.89	5.97
1999	6.91	6.06
1998	6.94	6.17
1997	6.97	6.24
1996	7.01	6.29
1995	7.05	6.35
1994	7.12	6.42
1993	7.18	6.48
1992	7.24	6.54
1991	7.28	6.62
1990	7.31	6.8
1989	7.33	7.03
1988	7.32	7.23
1987	7.31	7.43
1986	7.31	7.61
1985	7.26	7.79
1984	7.26	7.91
1983	7.28	8
1982	7.32	8.06
1981	7.37	8.1
1980	7.37	8.12
1979	7.35	8.13
1978	7.32	8.16
1977	7.3	8.14
1976	7.27	8.12
1975	7.25	8.1
1974	7.23	8.1
1973	7.22	8.09
1972	7.22	8.09
1971	7.2	8.09
1970	7.18	8.15
1969	7.18	8.18
1968	7.16	8.19
1967	7.14	8.21
1966	7.11	8.23
1965	7.08	8.25
1964	7.06	8.27
1963	7.05	8.27
1962	7.04	8.27
1961	7.03	8.28
1960	7.02	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Mali was 5.61 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Mali vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Mali

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Mali	Rwanda
2023	746,398	312,762
2022	726,465	312,145
2021	703,674	309,895
2020	683,053	312,692
2019	667,110	313,525
2018	670,723	312,512
2017	661,973	310,323
2016	645,652	305,549
2015	630,006	299,114
2014	614,419	292,779
2013	597,887	286,331
2012	588,748	282,584
2011	570,899	282,922
2010	554,447	286,848
2009	533,730	287,034
2008	514,665	287,334
2007	495,800	285,791
2006	477,665	282,149
2005	460,964	275,121
2004	439,717	265,273
2003	417,766	251,243
2002	396,732	239,036
2001	376,472	230,845
2000	359,159	221,276
1999	343,705	210,518
1998	323,940	197,185
1997	308,429	174,687
1996	293,953	140,455
1995	285,598	121,137
1994	282,356	-719,479
1993	274,480	183,926
1992	267,605	188,025
1991	261,656	196,431
1990	252,308	207,895
1989	249,929	217,632
1988	245,682	223,759
1987	238,871	225,744
1986	233,799	225,526
1985	224,734	223,794
1984	218,078	219,337
1983	211,795	212,750
1982	204,892	205,147
1981	198,227	195,769
1980	190,560	184,988
1979	182,449	174,477
1978	172,652	163,779
1977	165,071	155,011
1976	157,778	147,665
1975	150,222	140,596
1974	142,448	135,743
1973	135,801	131,021
1972	129,687	126,403
1971	123,591	122,567
1970	118,952	119,273
1969	114,361	115,394
1968	111,403	111,422
1967	107,650	108,053
1966	103,684	105,128
1965	100,451	103,422
1964	97,166	102,562
1963	95,055	94,296
1962	93,101	102,548
1961	91,115	102,051
1960	88,802	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +3.14% in Mali and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +3.25% in Mali and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in Mali vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Mali

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Mali	Rwanda
2023	40	28.3
2022	40.3	28.9
2021	40.7	29.4
2020	41	30
2019	41.1	30.7
2018	42.6	31.2
2017	43.4	31.7
2016	43.9	32
2015	44.5	32.1
2014	45	32.2
2013	45.5	32.4
2012	46.3	32.9
2011	46.5	33.8
2010	46.9	35.1
2009	47	36.3
2008	47.2	37.6
2007	47.4	38.8
2006	47.6	39.9
2005	47.9	40.6
2004	47.8	41.1
2003	47.6	41.4
2002	47.3	41.8
2001	47.1	42.1
2000	47.1	42.1
1999	47	42.1
1998	46.4	42.2
1997	46.1	40.5
1996	45.8	37.2
1995	45.9	39.5
1994	46.5	48
1993	46.7	41.5
1992	46.9	42.2
1991	47.2	42.8
1990	47	44.1
1989	47.7	45.3
1988	48.2	46.6
1987	48.4	47.8
1986	48.8	49
1985	48.8	50.2
1984	49	51.1
1983	49.4	51.8
1982	50	52.4
1981	50.4	52.7
1980	50.6	52.7
1979	50.7	52.5
1978	50.4	52.1
1977	50.5	51.6
1976	50.6	51.1
1975	50.6	50.4
1974	50.5	50
1973	50.5	49.4
1972	50.4	48.9
1971	50.5	48.5
1970	50.4	48.2
1969	50.5	47.9
1968	50.6	47.6
1967	50.6	47.4
1966	50.6	47.6
1965	50.5	48
1964	50.5	48.8
1963	50.6	49.8
1962	50.7	50.9
1961	50.8	52
1960	50.8	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 40 in Mali and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 50.8 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Mali

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Mali	Rwanda
2100	22.4%	18.7%
2099	22.6%	18.9%
2098	22.8%	19%
2097	23%	19.1%
2096	23.1%	19.3%
2095	23.3%	19.4%
2094	23.5%	19.6%
2093	23.7%	19.7%
2092	23.9%	19.9%
2091	24.1%	20%
2090	24.3%	20.2%
2089	24.5%	20.4%
2088	24.8%	20.5%
2087	25%	20.7%
2086	25.2%	20.9%
2085	25.5%	21.1%
2084	25.7%	21.3%
2083	25.9%	21.5%
2082	26.2%	21.7%
2081	26.5%	21.9%
2080	26.7%	22.1%
2079	27%	22.2%
2078	27.3%	22.4%
2077	27.6%	22.6%
2076	27.9%	22.8%
2075	28.1%	23%
2074	28.4%	23.2%
2073	28.7%	23.4%
2072	29%	23.6%
2071	29.3%	23.8%
2070	29.6%	24%
2069	30%	24.2%
2068	30.3%	24.4%
2067	30.6%	24.6%
2066	30.9%	24.9%
2065	31.2%	25.1%
2064	31.6%	25.3%
2063	31.9%	25.6%
2062	32.2%	25.8%
2061	32.6%	26.1%
2060	33%	26.4%
2059	33.3%	26.7%
2058	33.7%	27%
2057	34.1%	27.3%
2056	34.4%	27.6%
2055	34.8%	27.9%
2054	35.2%	28.3%
2053	35.7%	28.6%
2052	36.1%	28.9%
2051	36.5%	29.2%
2050	36.9%	29.5%
2049	37.3%	29.8%
2048	37.8%	30.1%
2047	38.2%	30.4%
2046	38.6%	30.7%
2045	39%	31%
2044	39.4%	31.2%
2043	39.8%	31.5%
2042	40.2%	31.8%
2041	40.6%	32.1%
2040	41%	32.4%
2039	41.3%	32.7%
2038	41.6%	33%
2037	42%	33.3%
2036	42.3%	33.6%
2035	42.6%	33.9%
2034	42.9%	34.2%
2033	43.2%	34.6%
2032	43.5%	34.9%
2031	43.9%	35.2%
2030	44.2%	35.6%
2029	44.5%	35.9%
2028	44.9%	36.2%
2027	45.3%	36.5%
2026	45.6%	36.9%
2025	46%	37.2%
2024	46.1%	37.4%
2023	46.5%	37.7%
2022	46.8%	38.2%
2021	47%	38.6%
2020	47.3%	39.2%
2019	47.6%	39.7%
2018	47.8%	40.1%
2017	47.9%	40.5%
2016	48%	40.9%
2015	48%	41.1%
2014	48%	41.4%
2013	47.9%	41.7%
2012	47.6%	41.9%
2011	47.3%	42.2%
2010	47.1%	42.4%
2009	46.9%	42.6%
2008	46.8%	42.8%
2007	46.6%	42.9%
2006	46.5%	42.9%
2005	46.4%	43.1%
2004	46.4%	43.3%
2003	46.4%	43.7%
2002	46.4%	44.3%
2001	46.5%	45.2%
2000	46.6%	46.4%
1999	46.7%	47.8%
1998	46.8%	49.2%
1997	47%	50.5%
1996	47%	51.4%
1995	47.1%	52.4%
1994	47.1%	50.1%
1993	47.1%	48.4%
1992	47.1%	48.7%
1991	47%	48.9%
1990	46.8%	49%
1989	46.7%	48.9%
1988	46.4%	48.9%
1987	46%	48.8%
1986	45.7%	48.6%
1985	45.3%	48.3%
1984	45%	48.1%
1983	44.7%	47.7%
1982	44.5%	47.4%
1981	44.2%	47.1%
1980	43.9%	46.8%
1979	43.6%	46.5%
1978	43.2%	46.4%
1977	43%	46.4%
1976	42.7%	46.4%
1975	42.4%	46.6%
1974	42.1%	46.9%
1973	41.9%	47.2%
1972	41.7%	47.5%
1971	41.5%	47.9%
1970	41.3%	48.2%
1969	41.2%	48.7%
1968	41%	49.2%
1967	40.9%	49.7%
1966	40.8%	50.2%
1965	40.7%	50.6%
1964	40.6%	50.8%
1963	40.5%	50.6%
1962	40.4%	50.2%
1961	40.4%	49.7%
1960	40.3%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 46.1% of the population in Mali and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 46.8% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Mali and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Mali vs Rwanda

Chart Table

Mali

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Mali	Rwanda
2023	367	229
2022	381	234
2021	415	254
2020	405	252
2019	416	261
2018	434	269
2017	453	275
2016	472	278
2015	490	292
2014	507	301
2013	525	317
2012	549	331
2011	553	358
2010	558	393
2009	565	418
2008	573	454
2007	574	494
2006	568	494
2005	577	465
2004	592	460
2003	616	551
2002	649	677
2001	694	769
2000	741	885
1999	749	1,073
1998	781	1,268
1997	820	1,318
1996	875	1,295
1995	895	1,505
1994	935	5,721
1993	988	1,619
1992	1,024	1,530
1991	1,063	1,386
1990	1,087	1,309
1989	1,106	1,238
1988	1,128	1,188
1987	1,142	1,145
1986	1,184	1,126
1985	1,217	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 367 deaths per 100,000 live births in Mali, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Mali

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Mali	Rwanda
2023	9.13%	4%
2022	9.4%	4.08%
2021	9.69%	4.16%
2020	10%	4.25%
2019	10.3%	4.34%
2018	10.6%	4.43%
2017	10.9%	4.52%
2016	11.2%	4.63%
2015	11.6%	4.78%
2014	11.9%	4.96%
2013	12.2%	5.17%
2012	12.6%	5.45%
2011	13%	5.81%
2010	13.4%	6.33%
2009	13.8%	6.92%
2008	14.3%	7.62%
2007	14.7%	8.45%
2006	15.2%	9.37%
2005	15.7%	10.5%
2004	16.3%	11.8%
2003	16.9%	13.3%
2002	17.5%	14.9%
2001	18.2%	16.7%
2000	18.8%	18.5%
1999	19.4%	20.2%
1998	19.9%	21.5%
1997	20.4%	22.2%
1996	20.8%	22.2%
1995	21.2%	21.8%
1994	21.5%	38.9%
1993	21.9%	19.3%
1992	22.3%	17.5%
1991	22.7%	16%
1990	23.1%	15.1%
1989	23.6%	14.8%
1988	24.2%	14.8%
1987	24.8%	15.2%
1986	25.4%	15.6%
1985	26.1%	16.1%
1984	26.9%	16.6%
1983	27.7%	17.4%
1982	28.5%	18.6%
1981	29.3%	20.1%
1980	30.2%	21.8%
1979	31%	23.4%
1978	31.8%	24.6%
1977	32.7%	25.1%
1976	33.6%	25.1%
1975	34.4%	24.6%
1974	35.2%	24%
1973	36%	23.4%
1972	36.7%	23%
1971	37.3%	22.6%
1970	38%	22.3%
1969	38.6%	22%
1968	39.2%	21.7%
1967	39.8%	21.4%
1966	40.5%	21.2%
1965	41.2%	21.1%
1964	41.9%	21.1%
1963	42.6%	21.3%
1962	-	21.5%
1961	-	21.9%
1960	-	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 9.13% in Mali and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.