Fertility & birth rates in Ethiopia and Rwanda

Fertility rate in Ethiopia vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2023	3.99	3.7
2022	4.08	3.78
2021	4.18	3.84
2020	4.27	3.91
2019	4.35	3.99
2018	4.37	4.05
2017	4.4	4.08
2016	4.47	4.11
2015	4.53	4.11
2014	4.61	4.12
2013	4.71	4.14
2012	4.89	4.2
2011	5.08	4.33
2010	5.28	4.52
2009	5.49	4.71
2008	5.7	4.92
2007	5.89	5.14
2006	6.05	5.34
2005	6.19	5.5
2004	6.3	5.64
2003	6.4	5.74
2002	6.5	5.82
2001	6.58	5.89
2000	6.65	5.97
1999	6.72	6.06
1998	6.79	6.17
1997	6.87	6.24
1996	6.93	6.29
1995	7	6.35
1994	7.05	6.42
1993	7.09	6.48
1992	7.13	6.54
1991	7.16	6.62
1990	7.2	6.8
1989	7.23	7.03
1988	7.26	7.23
1987	7.29	7.43
1986	7.32	7.61
1985	7.34	7.79
1984	7.36	7.91
1983	7.35	8
1982	7.34	8.06
1981	7.31	8.1
1980	7.29	8.12
1979	7.25	8.13
1978	7.23	8.16
1977	7.19	8.14
1976	7.13	8.12
1975	7.08	8.1
1974	7.02	8.1
1973	6.96	8.09
1972	6.9	8.09
1971	6.84	8.09
1970	6.78	8.15
1969	6.72	8.18
1968	6.7	8.19
1967	6.68	8.21
1966	6.66	8.23
1965	6.63	8.25
1964	6.61	8.27
1963	6.59	8.27
1962	6.56	8.27
1961	6.53	8.28
1960	6.51	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Ethiopia was 3.99 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Ethiopia vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2023	3,338,649	312,762
2022	3,300,114	312,145
2021	3,204,673	309,895
2020	3,199,718	312,692
2019	3,132,780	313,525
2018	3,015,231	312,512
2017	2,899,143	310,323
2016	2,809,889	305,549
2015	2,713,529	299,114
2014	2,623,647	292,779
2013	2,546,020	286,331
2012	2,533,398	282,584
2011	2,527,811	282,922
2010	2,498,048	286,848
2009	2,467,118	287,034
2008	2,465,283	287,334
2007	2,436,753	285,791
2006	2,393,585	282,149
2005	2,353,375	275,121
2004	2,296,999	265,273
2003	2,231,223	251,243
2002	2,189,683	239,036
2001	2,137,791	230,845
2000	2,083,622	221,276
1999	2,010,987	210,518
1998	1,984,989	197,185
1997	1,945,112	174,687
1996	1,896,364	140,455
1995	1,831,068	121,137
1994	1,788,133	-719,479
1993	1,734,851	183,926
1992	1,673,839	188,025
1991	1,579,416	196,431
1990	1,479,663	207,895
1989	1,441,769	217,632
1988	1,393,356	223,759
1987	1,356,853	225,744
1986	1,050,277	225,526
1985	997,050	223,794
1984	920,670	219,337
1983	863,472	212,750
1982	1,080,853	205,147
1981	1,018,838	195,769
1980	1,007,516	184,988
1979	987,203	174,477
1978	943,388	163,779
1977	929,381	155,011
1976	899,577	147,665
1975	801,425	140,596
1974	777,306	135,743
1973	807,535	131,021
1972	779,808	126,403
1971	787,047	122,567
1970	760,821	119,273
1969	736,428	115,394
1968	715,602	111,422
1967	695,283	108,053
1966	616,281	105,128
1965	642,359	103,422
1964	618,667	102,562
1963	590,998	94,296
1962	563,650	102,548
1961	538,518	102,051
1960	511,694	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.59% in Ethiopia and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.64% in Ethiopia and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in Ethiopia vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2023	31.9	28.3
2022	32.4	28.9
2021	32.9	29.4
2020	33.3	30
2019	33.5	30.7
2018	33.4	31.2
2017	33.2	31.7
2016	33.3	32
2015	33.3	32.1
2014	33.4	32.2
2013	33.6	32.4
2012	34.6	32.9
2011	35.7	33.8
2010	36.6	35.1
2009	37.5	36.3
2008	38.9	37.6
2007	40.1	38.8
2006	41.1	39.9
2005	42.1	40.6
2004	42.7	41.1
2003	43.3	41.4
2002	44.3	41.8
2001	45	42.1
2000	45.6	42.1
1999	46.4	42.1
1998	47	42.2
1997	47.9	40.5
1996	48.6	37.2
1995	49	39.5
1994	49.6	48
1993	50.1	41.5
1992	50.4	42.2
1991	50.2	42.8
1990	50.8	44.1
1989	50.8	45.3
1988	50.9	46.6
1987	51.2	47.8
1986	51.5	49
1985	51.6	50.2
1984	51.4	51.1
1983	51.1	51.8
1982	50.8	52.4
1981	50.3	52.7
1980	51.4	52.7
1979	51.3	52.5
1978	51	52.1
1977	51.2	51.6
1976	50.7	51.1
1975	50.6	50.4
1974	50.4	50
1973	50.1	49.4
1972	50	48.9
1971	49.9	48.5
1970	49.7	48.2
1969	49.6	47.9
1968	49.5	47.6
1967	49.6	47.4
1966	49.5	47.6
1965	49.3	48
1964	49	48.8
1963	48.7	49.8
1962	48.5	50.9
1961	48.1	52
1960	47.9	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 31.9 in Ethiopia and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 47.9 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2100	19.2%	18.7%
2099	19.4%	18.9%
2098	19.5%	19%
2097	19.6%	19.1%
2096	19.8%	19.3%
2095	19.9%	19.4%
2094	20.1%	19.6%
2093	20.2%	19.7%
2092	20.4%	19.9%
2091	20.5%	20%
2090	20.7%	20.2%
2089	20.9%	20.4%
2088	21%	20.5%
2087	21.2%	20.7%
2086	21.4%	20.9%
2085	21.5%	21.1%
2084	21.7%	21.3%
2083	21.9%	21.5%
2082	22.1%	21.7%
2081	22.3%	21.9%
2080	22.5%	22.1%
2079	22.6%	22.2%
2078	22.8%	22.4%
2077	23.1%	22.6%
2076	23.3%	22.8%
2075	23.5%	23%
2074	23.7%	23.2%
2073	23.9%	23.4%
2072	24.2%	23.6%
2071	24.4%	23.8%
2070	24.7%	24%
2069	24.9%	24.2%
2068	25.2%	24.4%
2067	25.4%	24.6%
2066	25.7%	24.9%
2065	26%	25.1%
2064	26.2%	25.3%
2063	26.5%	25.6%
2062	26.8%	25.8%
2061	27.1%	26.1%
2060	27.4%	26.4%
2059	27.6%	26.7%
2058	27.9%	27%
2057	28.2%	27.3%
2056	28.5%	27.6%
2055	28.8%	27.9%
2054	29%	28.3%
2053	29.3%	28.6%
2052	29.6%	28.9%
2051	29.9%	29.2%
2050	30.2%	29.5%
2049	30.5%	29.8%
2048	30.8%	30.1%
2047	31.1%	30.4%
2046	31.5%	30.7%
2045	31.9%	31%
2044	32.2%	31.2%
2043	32.6%	31.5%
2042	33%	31.8%
2041	33.4%	32.1%
2040	33.8%	32.4%
2039	34.3%	32.7%
2038	34.7%	33%
2037	35.1%	33.3%
2036	35.6%	33.6%
2035	36%	33.9%
2034	36.5%	34.2%
2033	36.8%	34.6%
2032	37.2%	34.9%
2031	37.5%	35.2%
2030	37.7%	35.6%
2029	37.9%	35.9%
2028	38.2%	36.2%
2027	38.4%	36.5%
2026	38.6%	36.9%
2025	38.9%	37.2%
2024	39.1%	37.4%
2023	39.4%	37.7%
2022	39.7%	38.2%
2021	40.1%	38.6%
2020	40.5%	39.2%
2019	40.9%	39.7%
2018	41.3%	40.1%
2017	41.8%	40.5%
2016	42.3%	40.9%
2015	42.9%	41.1%
2014	43.4%	41.4%
2013	44%	41.7%
2012	44.6%	41.9%
2011	45.2%	42.2%
2010	45.7%	42.4%
2009	46.2%	42.6%
2008	46.6%	42.8%
2007	46.9%	42.9%
2006	47.2%	42.9%
2005	47.4%	43.1%
2004	47.6%	43.3%
2003	47.7%	43.7%
2002	47.8%	44.3%
2001	47.8%	45.2%
2000	47.7%	46.4%
1999	47.6%	47.8%
1998	47.4%	49.2%
1997	47.1%	50.5%
1996	46.9%	51.4%
1995	46.7%	52.4%
1994	46.5%	50.1%
1993	46.4%	48.4%
1992	46.2%	48.7%
1991	46.2%	48.9%
1990	46.2%	49%
1989	46.1%	48.9%
1988	46%	48.9%
1987	46%	48.8%
1986	46%	48.6%
1985	46.1%	48.3%
1984	46.2%	48.1%
1983	46.4%	47.7%
1982	46.5%	47.4%
1981	46.4%	47.1%
1980	46.3%	46.8%
1979	46.2%	46.5%
1978	46.1%	46.4%
1977	45.9%	46.4%
1976	45.7%	46.4%
1975	45.6%	46.6%
1974	45.4%	46.9%
1973	45.2%	47.2%
1972	44.9%	47.5%
1971	44.5%	47.9%
1970	44.2%	48.2%
1969	43.8%	48.7%
1968	43.5%	49.2%
1967	43.2%	49.7%
1966	42.9%	50.2%
1965	42.5%	50.6%
1964	42.3%	50.8%
1963	42.2%	50.6%
1962	42.1%	50.2%
1961	42.2%	49.7%
1960	42.2%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 39.1% of the population in Ethiopia and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 46.2% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Ethiopia and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Ethiopia vs Rwanda

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2023	195	229
2022	207	234
2021	250	254
2020	244	252
2019	269	261
2018	297	269
2017	327	275
2016	364	278
2015	401	292
2014	444	301
2013	494	317
2012	545	331
2011	588	358
2010	619	393
2009	649	418
2008	678	454
2007	704	494
2006	729	494
2005	754	465
2004	764	460
2003	797	551
2002	826	677
2001	856	769
2000	870	885
1999	901	1,073
1998	911	1,268
1997	957	1,318
1996	1,008	1,295
1995	1,060	1,505
1994	1,113	5,721
1993	1,168	1,619
1992	1,218	1,530
1991	1,239	1,386
1990	1,320	1,309
1989	1,296	1,238
1988	1,306	1,188
1987	1,289	1,145
1986	1,317	1,126
1985	1,329	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 195 deaths per 100,000 live births in Ethiopia, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Ethiopia

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Ethiopia	Rwanda
2023	4.65%	4%
2022	4.82%	4.08%
2021	5%	4.16%
2020	5.2%	4.25%
2019	5.41%	4.34%
2018	5.64%	4.43%
2017	5.89%	4.52%
2016	6.17%	4.63%
2015	6.49%	4.78%
2014	6.82%	4.96%
2013	7.16%	5.17%
2012	7.53%	5.45%
2011	7.91%	5.81%
2010	8.32%	6.33%
2009	8.76%	6.92%
2008	9.23%	7.62%
2007	9.74%	8.45%
2006	10.3%	9.37%
2005	10.9%	10.5%
2004	11.5%	11.8%
2003	12.1%	13.3%
2002	12.8%	14.9%
2001	13.4%	16.7%
2000	14%	18.5%
1999	14.7%	20.2%
1998	15.3%	21.5%
1997	15.9%	22.2%
1996	16.6%	22.2%
1995	17.2%	21.8%
1994	17.9%	38.9%
1993	18.5%	19.3%
1992	19.1%	17.5%
1991	19.7%	16%
1990	20.2%	15.1%
1989	20.6%	14.8%
1988	21%	14.8%
1987	21.5%	15.2%
1986	29.7%	15.6%
1985	30.3%	16.1%
1984	31.4%	16.6%
1983	32%	17.4%
1982	23.5%	18.6%
1981	23.8%	20.1%
1980	24%	21.8%
1979	24.2%	23.4%
1978	24.4%	24.6%
1977	24.5%	25.1%
1976	24.5%	25.1%
1975	28.2%	24.6%
1974	28.3%	24%
1973	24.6%	23.4%
1972	24.7%	23%
1971	24.7%	22.6%
1970	24.7%	22.3%
1969	24.8%	22%
1968	24.8%	21.7%
1967	24.9%	21.4%
1966	27.8%	21.2%
1965	-	21.1%
1964	-	21.1%
1963	-	21.3%
1962	-	21.5%
1961	-	21.9%
1960	-	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.65% in Ethiopia and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.