Fertility & birth rates in Japan and Rwanda

Fertility rate in Japan vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Japan

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Japan	Rwanda
2023	1.2	3.7
2022	1.26	3.78
2021	1.3	3.84
2020	1.33	3.91
2019	1.36	3.99
2018	1.42	4.05
2017	1.43	4.08
2016	1.44	4.11
2015	1.45	4.11
2014	1.42	4.12
2013	1.43	4.14
2012	1.41	4.2
2011	1.39	4.33
2010	1.39	4.52
2009	1.37	4.71
2008	1.37	4.92
2007	1.34	5.14
2006	1.32	5.34
2005	1.26	5.5
2004	1.29	5.64
2003	1.29	5.74
2002	1.32	5.82
2001	1.33	5.89
2000	1.36	5.97
1999	1.34	6.06
1998	1.38	6.17
1997	1.39	6.24
1996	1.43	6.29
1995	1.42	6.35
1994	1.5	6.42
1993	1.46	6.48
1992	1.5	6.54
1991	1.53	6.62
1990	1.54	6.8
1989	1.57	7.03
1988	1.66	7.23
1987	1.69	7.43
1986	1.72	7.61
1985	1.76	7.79
1984	1.81	7.91
1983	1.8	8
1982	1.77	8.06
1981	1.74	8.1
1980	1.75	8.12
1979	1.77	8.13
1978	1.79	8.16
1977	1.8	8.14
1976	1.85	8.12
1975	1.91	8.1
1974	2.05	8.1
1973	2.14	8.09
1972	2.14	8.09
1971	2.16	8.09
1970	2.13	8.15
1969	2.13	8.18
1968	2.13	8.19
1967	2.23	8.21
1966	1.58	8.23
1965	2.14	8.25
1964	2.05	8.27
1963	2	8.27
1962	1.98	8.27
1961	1.96	8.28
1960	2	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Japan was 1.2 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Japan vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Japan

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Japan	Rwanda
2023	-871,617	312,762
2022	-825,825	312,145
2021	-640,976	309,895
2020	-542,923	312,692
2019	-531,858	313,525
2018	-456,520	312,512
2017	-406,310	310,323
2016	-343,106	305,549
2015	-292,424	299,114
2014	-267,279	292,779
2013	-242,146	286,331
2012	-229,733	282,584
2011	-204,533	282,922
2010	-128,070	286,848
2009	-76,828	287,034
2008	-51,225	287,334
2007	-25,600	285,791
2006	12,785	282,149
2005	-25,554	275,121
2004	76,656	265,273
2003	114,946	251,243
2002	178,423	239,036
2001	203,438	230,845
2000	228,317	221,276
1999	202,610	210,518
1998	265,440	197,185
1997	277,325	174,687
1996	314,392	140,455
1995	276,039	121,137
1994	363,017	-719,479
1993	312,073	183,926
1992	360,833	188,025
1991	396,685	196,431
1990	407,478	207,895
1989	467,662	217,632
1988	527,085	223,759
1987	598,138	225,744
1986	631,706	225,526
1985	676,687	223,794
1984	756,523	219,337
1983	775,495	212,750
1982	805,664	205,147
1981	811,861	195,769
1980	864,372	184,988
1979	950,298	174,477
1978	1,011,234	163,779
1977	1,070,397	155,011
1976	1,127,750	147,665
1975	1,204,989	140,596
1974	1,332,960	135,743
1973	1,391,449	131,021
1972	1,372,006	126,403
1971	1,331,782	122,567
1970	1,230,496	119,273
1969	1,195,962	115,394
1968	1,191,930	111,422
1967	1,258,475	108,053
1966	682,072	105,128
1965	1,126,448	103,422
1964	1,046,553	102,562
1963	987,770	94,296
1962	901,864	102,548
1961	893,522	102,051
1960	894,874	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.7% in Japan and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.41% in Japan and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in Japan vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Japan

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Japan	Rwanda
2023	6	28.3
2022	6.3	28.9
2021	6.6	29.4
2020	6.8	30
2019	7	30.7
2018	7.4	31.2
2017	7.6	31.7
2016	7.8	32
2015	8	32.1
2014	8	32.2
2013	8.2	32.4
2012	8.2	32.9
2011	8.3	33.8
2010	8.5	35.1
2009	8.5	36.3
2008	8.7	37.6
2007	8.6	38.8
2006	8.7	39.9
2005	8.4	40.6
2004	8.8	41.1
2003	8.9	41.4
2002	9.2	41.8
2001	9.3	42.1
2000	9.5	42.1
1999	9.4	42.1
1998	9.6	42.2
1997	9.5	40.5
1996	9.7	37.2
1995	9.6	39.5
1994	10	48
1993	9.6	41.5
1992	9.8	42.2
1991	9.9	42.8
1990	10	44.1
1989	10.2	45.3
1988	10.8	46.6
1987	11.1	47.8
1986	11.4	49
1985	11.9	50.2
1984	12.5	51.1
1983	12.7	51.8
1982	12.8	52.4
1981	13	52.7
1980	13.6	52.7
1979	14.2	52.5
1978	14.9	52.1
1977	15.5	51.6
1976	16.3	51.1
1975	17.1	50.4
1974	18.6	50
1973	19.4	49.4
1972	19.3	48.9
1971	19.2	48.5
1970	18.8	48.2
1969	18.5	47.9
1968	18.6	47.6
1967	19.4	47.4
1966	13.7	47.6
1965	18.6	48
1964	17.7	48.8
1963	17.3	49.8
1962	17	50.9
1961	16.9	52
1960	17.2	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6 in Japan and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 17.2 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Japan

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Japan	Rwanda
2100	11.5%	18.7%
2099	11.5%	18.9%
2098	11.5%	19%
2097	11.5%	19.1%
2096	11.6%	19.3%
2095	11.6%	19.4%
2094	11.6%	19.6%
2093	11.7%	19.7%
2092	11.7%	19.9%
2091	11.8%	20%
2090	11.8%	20.2%
2089	11.8%	20.4%
2088	11.8%	20.5%
2087	11.9%	20.7%
2086	11.9%	20.9%
2085	11.8%	21.1%
2084	11.8%	21.3%
2083	11.8%	21.5%
2082	11.8%	21.7%
2081	11.7%	21.9%
2080	11.6%	22.1%
2079	11.6%	22.2%
2078	11.5%	22.4%
2077	11.4%	22.6%
2076	11.3%	22.8%
2075	11.2%	23%
2074	11.1%	23.2%
2073	11.1%	23.4%
2072	11%	23.6%
2071	10.9%	23.8%
2070	10.9%	24%
2069	10.8%	24.2%
2068	10.8%	24.4%
2067	10.8%	24.6%
2066	10.8%	24.9%
2065	10.8%	25.1%
2064	10.8%	25.3%
2063	10.8%	25.6%
2062	10.9%	25.8%
2061	10.9%	26.1%
2060	11%	26.4%
2059	11%	26.7%
2058	11.1%	27%
2057	11.1%	27.3%
2056	11.2%	27.6%
2055	11.2%	27.9%
2054	11.3%	28.3%
2053	11.3%	28.6%
2052	11.3%	28.9%
2051	11.3%	29.2%
2050	11.2%	29.5%
2049	11.2%	29.8%
2048	11.1%	30.1%
2047	11.1%	30.4%
2046	11%	30.7%
2045	10.9%	31%
2044	10.8%	31.2%
2043	10.7%	31.5%
2042	10.6%	31.8%
2041	10.5%	32.1%
2040	10.4%	32.4%
2039	10.3%	32.7%
2038	10.2%	33%
2037	10.1%	33.3%
2036	10.1%	33.6%
2035	10.1%	33.9%
2034	10.1%	34.2%
2033	10.1%	34.6%
2032	10.2%	34.9%
2031	10.3%	35.2%
2030	10.5%	35.6%
2029	10.6%	35.9%
2028	10.8%	36.2%
2027	11%	36.5%
2026	11.1%	36.9%
2025	11.3%	37.2%
2024	11.4%	37.4%
2023	11.6%	37.7%
2022	11.9%	38.2%
2021	12%	38.6%
2020	12.2%	39.2%
2019	12.4%	39.7%
2018	12.5%	40.1%
2017	12.6%	40.5%
2016	12.7%	40.9%
2015	12.8%	41.1%
2014	13%	41.4%
2013	13.1%	41.7%
2012	13.2%	41.9%
2011	13.3%	42.2%
2010	13.4%	42.4%
2009	13.5%	42.6%
2008	13.5%	42.8%
2007	13.6%	42.9%
2006	13.7%	42.9%
2005	13.8%	43.1%
2004	13.8%	43.3%
2003	13.9%	43.7%
2002	14.1%	44.3%
2001	14.2%	45.2%
2000	14.4%	46.4%
1999	14.6%	47.8%
1998	14.8%	49.2%
1997	15.1%	50.5%
1996	15.3%	51.4%
1995	15.6%	52.4%
1994	16%	50.1%
1993	16.4%	48.4%
1992	16.9%	48.7%
1991	17.4%	48.9%
1990	18%	49%
1989	18.8%	48.9%
1988	19.5%	48.9%
1987	20.3%	48.8%
1986	21%	48.6%
1985	21.7%	48.3%
1984	22.2%	48.1%
1983	22.6%	47.7%
1982	23.1%	47.4%
1981	23.3%	47.1%
1980	23.4%	46.8%
1979	23.7%	46.5%
1978	23.8%	46.4%
1977	23.9%	46.4%
1976	23.9%	46.4%
1975	23.8%	46.6%
1974	23.8%	46.9%
1973	23.6%	47.2%
1972	23.4%	47.5%
1971	23.3%	47.9%
1970	23.3%	48.2%
1969	23.4%	48.7%
1968	23.5%	49.2%
1967	23.8%	49.7%
1966	24.4%	50.2%
1965	25.1%	50.6%
1964	25.8%	50.8%
1963	26.8%	50.6%
1962	28%	50.2%
1961	29.1%	49.7%
1960	29.8%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 11.4% of the population in Japan and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 18% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Japan and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Japan vs Rwanda

Chart Table

Japan

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Japan	Rwanda
2023	3	229
2022	5	234
2021	4	254
2020	4	252
2019	5	261
2018	5	269
2017	5	275
2016	5	278
2015	5	292
2014	5	301
2013	5	317
2012	6	331
2011	6	358
2010	6	393
2009	6	418
2008	6	454
2007	6	494
2006	7	494
2005	7	465
2004	7	460
2003	8	551
2002	8	677
2001	8	769
2000	9	885
1999	9	1,073
1998	10	1,268
1997	10	1,318
1996	11	1,295
1995	11	1,505
1994	11	5,721
1993	12	1,619
1992	13	1,530
1991	13	1,386
1990	14	1,309
1989	15	1,238
1988	16	1,188
1987	17	1,145
1986	18	1,126
1985	19	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Japan, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Japan

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Japan	Rwanda
2023	0.24%	4%
2022	0.24%	4.08%
2021	0.24%	4.16%
2020	0.24%	4.25%
2019	0.25%	4.34%
2018	0.25%	4.43%
2017	0.26%	4.52%
2016	0.27%	4.63%
2015	0.28%	4.78%
2014	0.29%	4.96%
2013	0.3%	5.17%
2012	0.31%	5.45%
2011	0.33%	5.81%
2010	0.33%	6.33%
2009	0.34%	6.92%
2008	0.34%	7.62%
2007	0.35%	8.45%
2006	0.36%	9.37%
2005	0.37%	10.5%
2004	0.39%	11.8%
2003	0.4%	13.3%
2002	0.41%	14.9%
2001	0.43%	16.7%
2000	0.45%	18.5%
1999	0.47%	20.2%
1998	0.5%	21.5%
1997	0.52%	22.2%
1996	0.55%	22.2%
1995	0.57%	21.8%
1994	0.59%	38.9%
1993	0.6%	19.3%
1992	0.61%	17.5%
1991	0.62%	16%
1990	0.63%	15.1%
1989	0.64%	14.8%
1988	0.66%	14.8%
1987	0.68%	15.2%
1986	0.71%	15.6%
1985	0.75%	16.1%
1984	0.79%	16.6%
1983	0.83%	17.4%
1982	0.88%	18.6%
1981	0.93%	20.1%
1980	0.99%	21.8%
1979	1.05%	23.4%
1978	1.11%	24.6%
1977	1.18%	25.1%
1976	1.25%	25.1%
1975	1.33%	24.6%
1974	1.41%	24%
1973	1.49%	23.4%
1972	1.57%	23%
1971	1.65%	22.6%
1970	1.75%	22.3%
1969	1.85%	22%
1968	1.96%	21.7%
1967	2.1%	21.4%
1966	2.26%	21.2%
1965	2.46%	21.1%
1964	2.7%	21.1%
1963	2.98%	21.3%
1962	3.29%	21.5%
1961	3.62%	21.9%
1960	3.97%	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.24% in Japan and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.