Rwanda has an annual birth rate of 28.3 births per 1,000 people, compared to 35.2 for Uganda. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 3.7 in Rwanda and 4.28 in Uganda — 15.8% difference.
1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -55.4% in Rwanda and by -38% in Uganda — in 1960, it was 8.28 and 6.91, respectively.
Birth rates facts compared:
- Rwanda is ranked 38/196 by birth rate compared to 12/196 for Uganda.
- The mean age for first-time mothers is 23 years in Rwanda, compared to 19.4 years in Uganda.
- The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 30.6 in Rwanda — it's 28.2 in Uganda.
- Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 30.8 in Rwanda vs 107 in Uganda.
- In Rwanda, 26.2% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24.6% in Uganda.
- Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.24% in Rwanda and +3.04% in Uganda.
Birth rate data compared
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Fertility rate | 3.7 | 4.28 |
| Birth rate | 28.3 | 35.2 |
| Birth rate rank | 38/196 | 12/196 |
| Age at first childbirth | 23 years | 19.4 years |
| Average age at childbearing | 30.6 years | 28.2 years |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 | 30.2 | 102.9 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 | 155.6 | 197.1 |
| Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ | 66.4 | 67.5 |
| Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population | 26.2% | 24.6% |
| Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 | 58.4% | 38% |
| Share of births attended by skilled health staff | 94.2% | 74.2% |
| Maternal mortality per live birth | 0.23% | 0.17% |
| Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) | 1.81% | 1.79% |
| Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) | 3.05% | 2.76% |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | 4% | 3.88% |
| Population change due to births and deaths | +312,762 | +1,477,166 |
| Natural population change rank | 51/196 | 10/196 |
| Natural population change rate | +2.24% | +3.04% |
| Population growth | +2.16% | +2.79% |
| Population growth rank | 47/197 | 23/197 |
| Life expectancy | 68.2 years | 68.7 years |
Fertility rate in Rwanda vs Uganda chart
According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Rwanda was 3.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.28 in Uganda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.
Check Rwanda vs Uganda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.
The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.
Rwanda
Factual
UN forecast
Uganda
Factual
UN forecast
Births per woman
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
| 1960 | 8.28 | 6.91 |
| 1961 | 8.28 | 6.93 |
| 1962 | 8.27 | 6.96 |
| 1963 | 8.27 | 6.98 |
| 1964 | 8.27 | 7.01 |
| 1965 | 8.25 | 7.04 |
| 1966 | 8.23 | 7.07 |
| 1967 | 8.21 | 7.1 |
| 1968 | 8.19 | 7.13 |
| 1969 | 8.18 | 7.12 |
| 1970 | 8.15 | 7.15 |
| 1971 | 8.09 | 7.18 |
| 1972 | 8.09 | 7.19 |
| 1973 | 8.09 | 7.19 |
| 1974 | 8.1 | 7.19 |
| 1975 | 8.1 | 7.2 |
| 1976 | 8.12 | 7.19 |
| 1977 | 8.14 | 7.18 |
| 1978 | 8.16 | 7.16 |
| 1979 | 8.13 | 7.14 |
| 1980 | 8.12 | 7.11 |
| 1981 | 8.1 | 7.12 |
| 1982 | 8.06 | 7.11 |
| 1983 | 8 | 7.07 |
| 1984 | 7.91 | 7.02 |
| 1985 | 7.79 | 7.04 |
| 1986 | 7.61 | 7.08 |
| 1987 | 7.43 | 7.12 |
| 1988 | 7.23 | 7.1 |
| 1989 | 7.03 | 7.05 |
| 1990 | 6.8 | 7.01 |
| 1991 | 6.62 | 6.94 |
| 1992 | 6.54 | 6.91 |
| 1993 | 6.48 | 6.89 |
| 1994 | 6.42 | 6.9 |
| 1995 | 6.35 | 6.87 |
| 1996 | 6.29 | 6.84 |
| 1997 | 6.24 | 6.86 |
| 1998 | 6.17 | 6.84 |
| 1999 | 6.06 | 6.83 |
| 2000 | 5.97 | 6.79 |
| 2001 | 5.89 | 6.76 |
| 2002 | 5.82 | 6.74 |
| 2003 | 5.74 | 6.67 |
| 2004 | 5.64 | 6.61 |
| 2005 | 5.5 | 6.53 |
| 2006 | 5.34 | 6.43 |
| 2007 | 5.14 | 6.33 |
| 2008 | 4.92 | 6.2 |
| 2009 | 4.71 | 6.12 |
| 2010 | 4.52 | 6.02 |
| 2011 | 4.33 | 5.89 |
| 2012 | 4.2 | 5.73 |
| 2013 | 4.14 | 5.56 |
| 2014 | 4.12 | 5.41 |
| 2015 | 4.11 | 5.25 |
| 2016 | 4.11 | 5.11 |
| 2017 | 4.08 | 4.99 |
| 2018 | 4.05 | 4.87 |
| 2019 | 3.99 | 4.74 |
| 2020 | 3.91 | 4.62 |
| 2021 | 3.84 | 4.51 |
| 2022 | 3.78 | 4.39 |
| 2023 | 3.7 | 4.28 |
| 2024 | 3.64 | 4.16 |
| 2025 | 3.59 | 4.06 |
| 2026 | 3.54 | 3.97 |
| 2027 | 3.49 | 3.87 |
| 2028 | 3.43 | 3.79 |
| 2029 | 3.38 | 3.69 |
| 2030 | 3.33 | 3.61 |
| 2031 | 3.28 | 3.53 |
| 2032 | 3.24 | 3.45 |
| 2033 | 3.19 | 3.38 |
| 2034 | 3.15 | 3.31 |
| 2035 | 3.11 | 3.25 |
| 2036 | 3.07 | 3.19 |
| 2037 | 3.03 | 3.14 |
| 2038 | 2.99 | 3.09 |
| 2039 | 2.95 | 3.04 |
| 2040 | 2.92 | 2.99 |
| 2041 | 2.89 | 2.94 |
| 2042 | 2.85 | 2.9 |
| 2043 | 2.81 | 2.86 |
| 2044 | 2.78 | 2.82 |
| 2045 | 2.75 | 2.78 |
| 2046 | 2.72 | 2.74 |
| 2047 | 2.69 | 2.71 |
| 2048 | 2.67 | 2.67 |
| 2049 | 2.64 | 2.64 |
| 2050 | 2.61 | 2.61 |
Children 0-14 years as share of population
Rwanda
Factual
UN forecast
Uganda
Factual
UN forecast
| Year | Share of people 0-14 years old | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
| 1960 | 49.2% | 46.3% |
| 1961 | 49.7% | 46.6% |
| 1962 | 50.2% | 46.8% |
| 1963 | 50.6% | 46.9% |
| 1964 | 50.8% | 46.8% |
| 1965 | 50.6% | 46.7% |
| 1966 | 50.2% | 46.6% |
| 1967 | 49.7% | 46.6% |
| 1968 | 49.2% | 46.5% |
| 1969 | 48.7% | 46.5% |
| 1970 | 48.2% | 46.5% |
| 1971 | 47.9% | 46.7% |
| 1972 | 47.5% | 46.9% |
| 1973 | 47.2% | 47.1% |
| 1974 | 46.9% | 47.3% |
| 1975 | 46.6% | 47.4% |
| 1976 | 46.4% | 47.5% |
| 1977 | 46.4% | 47.5% |
| 1978 | 46.4% | 47.6% |
| 1979 | 46.5% | 47.7% |
| 1980 | 46.8% | 47.9% |
| 1981 | 47.1% | 48% |
| 1982 | 47.4% | 48% |
| 1983 | 47.7% | 48.1% |
| 1984 | 48.1% | 48% |
| 1985 | 48.3% | 48% |
| 1986 | 48.6% | 48% |
| 1987 | 48.8% | 48% |
| 1988 | 48.9% | 48.1% |
| 1989 | 48.9% | 48.1% |
| 1990 | 49% | 48.2% |
| 1991 | 48.9% | 48.3% |
| 1992 | 48.7% | 48.4% |
| 1993 | 48.4% | 48.5% |
| 1994 | 50.1% | 48.6% |
| 1995 | 52.4% | 49.1% |
| 1996 | 51.4% | 49.4% |
| 1997 | 50.5% | 49.7% |
| 1998 | 49.2% | 49.9% |
| 1999 | 47.8% | 50% |
| 2000 | 46.4% | 50.1% |
| 2001 | 45.2% | 50.1% |
| 2002 | 44.3% | 50.1% |
| 2003 | 43.7% | 50.1% |
| 2004 | 43.3% | 50.1% |
| 2005 | 43.1% | 50.1% |
| 2006 | 42.9% | 50% |
| 2007 | 42.9% | 50% |
| 2008 | 42.8% | 49.8% |
| 2009 | 42.6% | 49.7% |
| 2010 | 42.4% | 49.5% |
| 2011 | 42.2% | 49.3% |
| 2012 | 41.9% | 49.1% |
| 2013 | 41.7% | 48.8% |
| 2014 | 41.4% | 48.5% |
| 2015 | 41.1% | 48.1% |
| 2016 | 40.9% | 47.5% |
| 2017 | 40.5% | 46.9% |
| 2018 | 40.1% | 46.3% |
| 2019 | 39.7% | 45.8% |
| 2020 | 39.2% | 45.2% |
| 2021 | 38.6% | 44.7% |
| 2022 | 38.2% | 44.3% |
| 2023 | 37.7% | 43.9% |
| 2024 | 37.4% | 43.5% |
| 2025 | 37% | 43.1% |
| 2026 | 36.7% | 42.7% |
| 2027 | 36.4% | 42.2% |
| 2028 | 36% | 41.8% |
| 2029 | 35.7% | 41.3% |
| 2030 | 35.4% | 40.9% |
| 2031 | 35% | 40.5% |
| 2032 | 34.7% | 40% |
| 2033 | 34.4% | 39.5% |
| 2034 | 34.1% | 39% |
| 2035 | 33.7% | 38.4% |
| 2036 | 33.4% | 37.8% |
| 2037 | 33.1% | 37.3% |
| 2038 | 32.9% | 36.7% |
| 2039 | 32.6% | 36.1% |
| 2040 | 32.3% | 35.6% |
| 2041 | 32% | 35.1% |
| 2042 | 31.7% | 34.6% |
| 2043 | 31.4% | 34.1% |
| 2044 | 31.1% | 33.6% |
| 2045 | 30.8% | 33.1% |
| 2046 | 30.5% | 32.7% |
| 2047 | 30.2% | 32.3% |
| 2048 | 29.9% | 31.8% |
| 2049 | 29.7% | 31.5% |
| 2050 | 29.4% | 31.1% |
Children aged 0-14 make up 37.4% of the population in Rwanda and 43.5% in Uganda in 2024, compared to 49% and 48.2% respectively in 1990.
Natural population change in Rwanda vs Uganda by year
For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +2.45% in Rwanda and +3.17% in Uganda. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.
Rwanda
Uganda
Natural population change
| Year | Population change due to births and deaths | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
| 1960 | 100,627 | 225,080 |
| 1961 | 102,051 | 232,894 |
| 1962 | 102,548 | 241,513 |
| 1963 | 94,296 | 250,885 |
| 1964 | 102,562 | 260,733 |
| 1965 | 103,422 | 271,830 |
| 1966 | 105,128 | 282,225 |
| 1967 | 108,053 | 296,692 |
| 1968 | 111,422 | 309,725 |
| 1969 | 115,394 | 320,486 |
| 1970 | 119,273 | 333,202 |
| 1971 | 122,567 | 328,294 |
| 1972 | 126,403 | 335,935 |
| 1973 | 131,021 | 340,780 |
| 1974 | 135,743 | 345,773 |
| 1975 | 140,596 | 354,278 |
| 1976 | 147,665 | 359,458 |
| 1977 | 155,011 | 365,216 |
| 1978 | 163,779 | 371,930 |
| 1979 | 174,477 | 381,626 |
| 1980 | 184,988 | 370,287 |
| 1981 | 195,769 | 380,028 |
| 1982 | 205,147 | 390,820 |
| 1983 | 212,750 | 404,940 |
| 1984 | 219,337 | 421,241 |
| 1985 | 223,794 | 462,534 |
| 1986 | 225,526 | 487,693 |
| 1987 | 225,744 | 527,397 |
| 1988 | 223,759 | 547,759 |
| 1989 | 217,632 | 565,367 |
| 1990 | 207,895 | 587,291 |
| 1991 | 196,431 | 602,740 |
| 1992 | 188,025 | 627,139 |
| 1993 | 183,926 | 650,032 |
| 1994 | -719,479 | 675,092 |
| 1995 | 121,137 | 697,218 |
| 1996 | 140,455 | 699,707 |
| 1997 | 174,687 | 727,523 |
| 1998 | 197,185 | 741,175 |
| 1999 | 210,518 | 775,166 |
| 2000 | 221,276 | 803,069 |
| 2001 | 230,845 | 836,751 |
| 2002 | 239,036 | 868,756 |
| 2003 | 251,243 | 901,374 |
| 2004 | 265,273 | 938,623 |
| 2005 | 275,121 | 969,096 |
| 2006 | 282,149 | 999,958 |
| 2007 | 285,791 | 1,029,893 |
| 2008 | 287,334 | 1,055,935 |
| 2009 | 287,034 | 1,090,600 |
| 2010 | 286,848 | 1,121,564 |
| 2011 | 282,922 | 1,147,263 |
| 2012 | 282,584 | 1,167,473 |
| 2013 | 286,331 | 1,184,250 |
| 2014 | 292,779 | 1,201,599 |
| 2015 | 299,114 | 1,224,839 |
| 2016 | 305,549 | 1,249,565 |
| 2017 | 310,323 | 1,290,658 |
| 2018 | 312,512 | 1,332,600 |
| 2019 | 313,525 | 1,367,044 |
| 2020 | 312,692 | 1,397,288 |
| 2021 | 309,895 | 1,423,377 |
| 2022 | 312,145 | 1,455,576 |
| 2023 | 312,762 | 1,477,166 |
Fertility rates around the globe
Fertility rate
Maternal mortality chart: Rwanda vs Uganda
The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 229 deaths per 100,000 live births in Rwanda, compared to 170 deaths in Uganda.
Rwanda
Uganda
| Year | Maternal mortality per 100K births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
| 1985 | 1,116 | 842 |
| 1986 | 1,126 | 781 |
| 1987 | 1,145 | 709 |
| 1988 | 1,188 | 655 |
| 1989 | 1,238 | 609 |
| 1990 | 1,309 | 575 |
| 1991 | 1,386 | 549 |
| 1992 | 1,530 | 530 |
| 1993 | 1,619 | 515 |
| 1994 | 5,721 | 507 |
| 1995 | 1,505 | 514 |
| 1996 | 1,295 | 513 |
| 1997 | 1,318 | 522 |
| 1998 | 1,268 | 523 |
| 1999 | 1,073 | 504 |
| 2000 | 885 | 475 |
| 2001 | 769 | 440 |
| 2002 | 677 | 416 |
| 2003 | 551 | 395 |
| 2004 | 460 | 384 |
| 2005 | 465 | 417 |
| 2006 | 494 | 409 |
| 2007 | 494 | 345 |
| 2008 | 454 | 324 |
| 2009 | 418 | 322 |
| 2010 | 393 | 304 |
| 2011 | 358 | 295 |
| 2012 | 331 | 285 |
| 2013 | 317 | 308 |
| 2014 | 301 | 311 |
| 2015 | 292 | 299 |
| 2016 | 278 | 272 |
| 2017 | 275 | 246 |
| 2018 | 269 | 232 |
| 2019 | 261 | 219 |
| 2020 | 252 | 209 |
| 2021 | 254 | 216 |
| 2022 | 234 | 184 |
| 2023 | 229 | 170 |
Under-five mortality rates
The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4% in Rwanda and 3.88% in Uganda. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.
Rwanda
Uganda
Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five
| Year | Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births | |
|---|---|---|
|
Rwanda
|
Uganda
|
|
| 1960 | 22.4% | 22.3% |
| 1961 | 21.9% | 21.9% |
| 1962 | 21.5% | 21.6% |
| 1963 | 21.3% | 21.3% |
| 1964 | 21.1% | 20.9% |
| 1965 | 21.1% | 20.6% |
| 1966 | 21.2% | 20.3% |
| 1967 | 21.4% | 19.9% |
| 1968 | 21.7% | 19.7% |
| 1969 | 22% | 19.4% |
| 1970 | 22.3% | 19.3% |
| 1971 | 22.6% | 19.3% |
| 1972 | 23% | 19.4% |
| 1973 | 23.4% | 19.6% |
| 1974 | 24% | 19.9% |
| 1975 | 24.6% | 20.3% |
| 1976 | 25.1% | 20.7% |
| 1977 | 25.1% | 21.2% |
| 1978 | 24.6% | 21.6% |
| 1979 | 23.4% | 21.8% |
| 1980 | 21.8% | 22% |
| 1981 | 20.1% | 21.9% |
| 1982 | 18.6% | 21.4% |
| 1983 | 17.4% | 20.9% |
| 1984 | 16.6% | 20.3% |
| 1985 | 16.1% | 19.9% |
| 1986 | 15.6% | 19.5% |
| 1987 | 15.2% | 19.2% |
| 1988 | 14.8% | 18.9% |
| 1989 | 14.8% | 18.7% |
| 1990 | 15.1% | 18.3% |
| 1991 | 16% | 17.9% |
| 1992 | 17.5% | 17.4% |
| 1993 | 19.3% | 17% |
| 1994 | 38.9% | 16.7% |
| 1995 | 21.8% | 16.5% |
| 1996 | 22.2% | 16.2% |
| 1997 | 22.2% | 16% |
| 1998 | 21.5% | 15.6% |
| 1999 | 20.2% | 15.2% |
| 2000 | 18.5% | 14.6% |
| 2001 | 16.7% | 13.9% |
| 2002 | 14.9% | 13.1% |
| 2003 | 13.3% | 12.3% |
| 2004 | 11.8% | 11.5% |
| 2005 | 10.5% | 10.7% |
| 2006 | 9.37% | 9.97% |
| 2007 | 8.45% | 9.3% |
| 2008 | 7.62% | 8.69% |
| 2009 | 6.92% | 8.14% |
| 2010 | 6.33% | 7.61% |
| 2011 | 5.81% | 7.1% |
| 2012 | 5.45% | 6.67% |
| 2013 | 5.17% | 6.24% |
| 2014 | 4.96% | 5.91% |
| 2015 | 4.78% | 5.58% |
| 2016 | 4.63% | 5.25% |
| 2017 | 4.52% | 4.98% |
| 2018 | 4.43% | 4.74% |
| 2019 | 4.34% | 4.53% |
| 2020 | 4.25% | 4.35% |
| 2021 | 4.16% | 4.18% |
| 2022 | 4.08% | 4.05% |
| 2023 | 4% | 3.88% |
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