Fertility & birth rates in Rwanda and Spain

Fertility rate in Rwanda vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Rwanda

Spain

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Rwanda	Spain
2023	3.7	1.12
2022	3.78	1.16
2021	3.84	1.18
2020	3.91	1.18
2019	3.99	1.23
2018	4.05	1.26
2017	4.08	1.31
2016	4.11	1.33
2015	4.11	1.33
2014	4.12	1.32
2013	4.14	1.27
2012	4.2	1.32
2011	4.33	1.34
2010	4.52	1.37
2009	4.71	1.38
2008	4.92	1.45
2007	5.14	1.38
2006	5.34	1.36
2005	5.5	1.33
2004	5.64	1.31
2003	5.74	1.3
2002	5.82	1.25
2001	5.89	1.23
2000	5.97	1.22
1999	6.06	1.17
1998	6.17	1.13
1997	6.24	1.15
1996	6.29	1.14
1995	6.35	1.16
1994	6.42	1.19
1993	6.48	1.26
1992	6.54	1.31
1991	6.62	1.33
1990	6.8	1.36
1989	7.03	1.4
1988	7.23	1.45
1987	7.43	1.49
1986	7.61	1.56
1985	7.79	1.64
1984	7.91	1.73
1983	8	1.8
1982	8.06	1.94
1981	8.1	2.04
1980	8.12	2.22
1979	8.13	2.37
1978	8.16	2.54
1977	8.14	2.65
1976	8.12	2.77
1975	8.1	2.77
1974	8.1	2.88
1973	8.09	2.84
1972	8.09	2.87
1971	8.09	2.9
1970	8.15	2.84
1969	8.18	2.86
1968	8.19	2.87
1967	8.21	2.94
1966	8.23	2.91
1965	8.25	2.94
1964	8.27	3.01
1963	8.27	2.88
1962	8.27	2.8
1961	8.28	2.77
1960	8.28	2.86

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Rwanda was 3.7 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.12 in Spain in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Rwanda vs Spain population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Rwanda

Spain

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Rwanda	Spain
2023	312,762	-111,211
2022	312,145	-133,801
2021	309,895	-113,865
2020	312,692	-151,551
2019	313,525	-56,542
2018	312,512	-56,139
2017	310,323	-32,600
2016	305,549	0
2015	299,114	-4,642
2014	292,779	32,522
2013	286,331	37,284
2012	282,584	51,450
2011	282,922	84,137
2010	286,848	102,469
2009	287,034	106,635
2008	287,334	133,267
2007	285,791	108,545
2006	282,149	110,994
2005	275,121	78,576
2004	265,273	85,844
2003	251,243	54,844
2002	239,036	53,861
2001	230,845	44,936
2000	221,276	36,512
1999	210,518	8,077
1998	197,185	4,022
1997	174,687	20,028
1996	140,455	11,967
1995	121,137	15,889
1994	-719,479	31,639
1993	183,926	47,234
1992	188,025	62,652
1991	196,431	58,450
1990	207,895	66,075
1989	217,632	81,538
1988	223,759	100,794
1987	225,744	116,054
1986	225,526	131,188
1985	223,794	146,184
1984	219,337	172,487
1983	212,750	183,223
1982	205,147	231,714
1981	195,769	237,879
1980	184,988	281,184
1979	174,477	312,407
1978	163,779	339,157
1977	155,011	361,465
1976	147,665	375,834
1975	140,596	371,882
1974	135,743	396,182
1973	131,021	374,381
1972	126,403	391,030
1971	122,567	369,625
1970	119,273	378,723
1969	115,394	367,851
1968	111,422	387,423
1967	108,053	402,001
1966	105,128	397,084
1965	103,422	405,819
1964	102,562	429,885
1963	94,296	394,338
1962	102,548	384,690
1961	102,051	396,537
1960	100,627	398,960

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +2.24% in Rwanda and -0.23% in Spain.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +2.45% in Rwanda and -0.13% in Spain.

Birth rate in Rwanda vs Spain by year

Chart Table

Rwanda

Spain

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Rwanda	Spain
2023	28.3	6.7
2022	28.9	6.9
2021	29.4	7.1
2020	30	7.2
2019	30.7	7.6
2018	31.2	7.9
2017	31.7	8.4
2016	32	8.8
2015	32.1	9
2014	32.2	9.2
2013	32.4	9.1
2012	32.9	9.7
2011	33.8	10.1
2010	35.1	10.4
2009	36.3	10.6
2008	37.6	11.3
2007	38.8	10.9
2006	39.9	10.8
2005	40.6	10.6
2004	41.1	10.6
2003	41.4	10.4
2002	41.8	10.1
2001	42.1	9.9
2000	42.1	9.8
1999	42.1	9.4
1998	42.2	9.1
1997	40.5	9.2
1996	37.2	9.1
1995	39.5	9.1
1994	48	9.4
1993	41.5	9.8
1992	42.2	10.1
1991	42.8	10.2
1990	44.1	10.3
1989	45.3	10.5
1988	46.6	10.8
1987	47.8	11
1986	49	11.4
1985	50.2	11.9
1984	51.1	12.3
1983	51.8	12.7
1982	52.4	13.6
1981	52.7	14.1
1980	52.7	15.2
1979	52.5	16.2
1978	52.1	17.3
1977	51.6	18
1976	51.1	18.7
1975	50.4	18.7
1974	50	19.5
1973	49.4	19.2
1972	48.9	19.4
1971	48.5	19.6
1970	48.2	19.5
1969	47.9	19.9
1968	47.6	20.1
1967	47.4	20.7
1966	47.6	20.7
1965	48	21.1
1964	48.8	22
1963	49.8	21.4
1962	50.9	21.1
1961	52	21.2
1960	52.9	21.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 28.3 in Rwanda and 6.7 in Spain, compared with 52.9 and 21.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

Spain

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Rwanda	Spain
2100	18.7%	11.6%
2099	18.9%	11.6%
2098	19%	11.7%
2097	19.1%	11.7%
2096	19.3%	11.7%
2095	19.4%	11.8%
2094	19.6%	11.8%
2093	19.7%	11.9%
2092	19.9%	11.9%
2091	20%	11.9%
2090	20.2%	12%
2089	20.4%	12%
2088	20.5%	12%
2087	20.7%	12.1%
2086	20.9%	12.1%
2085	21.1%	12.1%
2084	21.3%	12%
2083	21.5%	12%
2082	21.7%	12%
2081	21.9%	11.9%
2080	22.1%	11.9%
2079	22.2%	11.8%
2078	22.4%	11.7%
2077	22.6%	11.6%
2076	22.8%	11.6%
2075	23%	11.5%
2074	23.2%	11.4%
2073	23.4%	11.3%
2072	23.6%	11.2%
2071	23.8%	11.2%
2070	24%	11.1%
2069	24.2%	11.1%
2068	24.4%	11%
2067	24.6%	11%
2066	24.9%	11%
2065	25.1%	11%
2064	25.3%	11%
2063	25.6%	11.1%
2062	25.8%	11.1%
2061	26.1%	11.2%
2060	26.4%	11.2%
2059	26.7%	11.3%
2058	27%	11.4%
2057	27.3%	11.4%
2056	27.6%	11.5%
2055	27.9%	11.5%
2054	28.3%	11.5%
2053	28.6%	11.5%
2052	28.9%	11.5%
2051	29.2%	11.5%
2050	29.5%	11.5%
2049	29.8%	11.4%
2048	30.1%	11.4%
2047	30.4%	11.3%
2046	30.7%	11.2%
2045	31%	11.1%
2044	31.2%	11.1%
2043	31.5%	11%
2042	31.8%	10.9%
2041	32.1%	10.9%
2040	32.4%	10.8%
2039	32.7%	10.8%
2038	33%	10.7%
2037	33.3%	10.7%
2036	33.6%	10.7%
2035	33.9%	10.7%
2034	34.2%	10.8%
2033	34.6%	10.9%
2032	34.9%	11.1%
2031	35.2%	11.3%
2030	35.6%	11.5%
2029	35.9%	11.7%
2028	36.2%	11.9%
2027	36.5%	12.2%
2026	36.9%	12.5%
2025	37.2%	12.8%
2024	37.4%	12.9%
2023	37.7%	13.3%
2022	38.2%	13.6%
2021	38.6%	13.9%
2020	39.2%	14.2%
2019	39.7%	14.4%
2018	40.1%	14.7%
2017	40.5%	14.8%
2016	40.9%	14.9%
2015	41.1%	15%
2014	41.4%	15.1%
2013	41.7%	15.1%
2012	41.9%	15.1%
2011	42.2%	15%
2010	42.4%	14.9%
2009	42.6%	14.8%
2008	42.8%	14.7%
2007	42.9%	14.6%
2006	42.9%	14.5%
2005	43.1%	14.5%
2004	43.3%	14.5%
2003	43.7%	14.5%
2002	44.3%	14.6%
2001	45.2%	14.7%
2000	46.4%	14.8%
1999	47.8%	15%
1998	49.2%	15.3%
1997	50.5%	15.7%
1996	51.4%	16.1%
1995	52.4%	16.6%
1994	50.1%	17.2%
1993	48.4%	17.8%
1992	48.7%	18.4%
1991	48.9%	19.1%
1990	49%	19.8%
1989	48.9%	20.5%
1988	48.9%	21.2%
1987	48.8%	21.9%
1986	48.6%	22.5%
1985	48.3%	23.2%
1984	48.1%	23.8%
1983	47.7%	24.4%
1982	47.4%	24.9%
1981	47.1%	25.5%
1980	46.8%	26%
1979	46.5%	26.4%
1978	46.4%	26.8%
1977	46.4%	27%
1976	46.4%	27.2%
1975	46.6%	27.3%
1974	46.9%	27.5%
1973	47.2%	27.7%
1972	47.5%	27.8%
1971	47.9%	27.8%
1970	48.2%	27.9%
1969	48.7%	27.8%
1968	49.2%	27.8%
1967	49.7%	27.7%
1966	50.2%	27.6%
1965	50.6%	27.5%
1964	50.8%	27.4%
1963	50.6%	27.4%
1962	50.2%	27.4%
1961	49.7%	27.4%
1960	49.2%	27.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 37.4% of the population in Rwanda and 12.9% in Spain in 2024, compared to 49% and 19.8% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Rwanda and Spain compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Rwanda vs Spain

Chart Table

Rwanda

Spain

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Rwanda	Spain
2023	229	3
2022	234	4
2021	254	4
2020	252	4
2019	261	3
2018	269	3
2017	275	3
2016	278	3
2015	292	4
2014	301	4
2013	317	4
2012	331	4
2011	358	4
2010	393	4
2009	418	4
2008	454	4
2007	494	4
2006	494	4
2005	465	5
2004	460	5
2003	551	4
2002	677	5
2001	769	5
2000	885	5
1999	1,073	5
1998	1,268	5
1997	1,318	5
1996	1,295	6
1995	1,505	6
1994	5,721	6
1993	1,619	6
1992	1,530	6
1991	1,386	6
1990	1,309	6
1989	1,238	7
1988	1,188	7
1987	1,145	7
1986	1,126	7
1985	1,116	6

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 229 deaths per 100,000 live births in Rwanda, compared to 3 deaths in Spain.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Rwanda

Spain

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Rwanda	Spain
2023	4%	0.31%
2022	4.08%	0.31%
2021	4.16%	0.31%
2020	4.25%	0.32%
2019	4.34%	0.32%
2018	4.43%	0.32%
2017	4.52%	0.32%
2016	4.63%	0.33%
2015	4.78%	0.33%
2014	4.96%	0.34%
2013	5.17%	0.35%
2012	5.45%	0.36%
2011	5.81%	0.37%
2010	6.33%	0.38%
2009	6.92%	0.4%
2008	7.62%	0.42%
2007	8.45%	0.44%
2006	9.37%	0.45%
2005	10.5%	0.47%
2004	11.8%	0.49%
2003	13.3%	0.5%
2002	14.9%	0.51%
2001	16.7%	0.53%
2000	18.5%	0.54%
1999	20.2%	0.56%
1998	21.5%	0.58%
1997	22.2%	0.61%
1996	22.2%	0.65%
1995	21.8%	0.69%
1994	38.9%	0.74%
1993	19.3%	0.79%
1992	17.5%	0.83%
1991	16%	0.88%
1990	15.1%	0.92%
1989	14.8%	0.95%
1988	14.8%	0.99%
1987	15.2%	1.03%
1986	15.6%	1.07%
1985	16.1%	1.11%
1984	16.6%	1.17%
1983	17.4%	1.23%
1982	18.6%	1.3%
1981	20.1%	1.38%
1980	21.8%	1.49%
1979	23.4%	1.61%
1978	24.6%	1.74%
1977	25.1%	1.87%
1976	25.1%	2.02%
1975	24.6%	2.17%
1974	24%	2.33%
1973	23.4%	2.52%
1972	23%	2.72%
1971	22.6%	2.94%
1970	22.3%	3.16%
1969	22%	3.39%
1968	21.7%	3.61%
1967	21.4%	3.83%
1966	21.2%	4.03%
1965	21.1%	4.23%
1964	21.1%	4.45%
1963	21.3%	4.68%
1962	21.5%	4.94%
1961	21.9%	5.2%
1960	22.4%	5.47%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4% in Rwanda and 0.31% in Spain. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.