Fertility & birth rates in Eswatini and Rwanda

Fertility rate in Eswatini vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Rwanda

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2023	2.75	3.7
2022	2.8	3.78
2021	2.84	3.84
2020	2.89	3.91
2019	2.93	3.99
2018	2.97	4.05
2017	3.02	4.08
2016	3.07	4.11
2015	3.12	4.11
2014	3.18	4.12
2013	3.24	4.14
2012	3.27	4.2
2011	3.32	4.33
2010	3.38	4.52
2009	3.5	4.71
2008	3.57	4.92
2007	3.58	5.14
2006	3.63	5.34
2005	3.7	5.5
2004	3.76	5.64
2003	3.8	5.74
2002	3.85	5.82
2001	3.94	5.89
2000	4.03	5.97
1999	4.09	6.06
1998	4.13	6.17
1997	4.24	6.24
1996	4.38	6.29
1995	4.52	6.35
1994	4.66	6.42
1993	4.82	6.48
1992	4.98	6.54
1991	5.13	6.62
1990	5.3	6.8
1989	5.48	7.03
1988	5.69	7.23
1987	5.9	7.43
1986	6.11	7.61
1985	6.28	7.79
1984	6.36	7.91
1983	6.43	8
1982	6.49	8.06
1981	6.54	8.1
1980	6.57	8.12
1979	6.61	8.13
1978	6.65	8.16
1977	6.68	8.14
1976	6.7	8.12
1975	6.71	8.1
1974	6.71	8.1
1973	6.72	8.09
1972	6.72	8.09
1971	6.74	8.09
1970	6.75	8.15
1969	6.76	8.18
1968	6.76	8.19
1967	6.77	8.21
1966	6.8	8.23
1965	6.79	8.25
1964	6.79	8.27
1963	6.8	8.27
1962	6.79	8.27
1961	6.77	8.28
1960	6.75	8.28

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Eswatini was 2.75 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Eswatini vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Rwanda

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2023	20,147	312,762
2022	20,125	312,145
2021	17,314	309,895
2020	18,899	312,692
2019	19,488	313,525
2018	19,392	312,512
2017	19,278	310,323
2016	19,233	305,549
2015	19,223	299,114
2014	19,107	292,779
2013	18,903	286,331
2012	18,308	282,584
2011	17,645	282,922
2010	17,652	286,848
2009	17,656	287,034
2008	17,275	287,334
2007	16,595	285,791
2006	16,133	282,149
2005	15,945	275,121
2004	15,979	265,273
2003	16,396	251,243
2002	16,924	239,036
2001	17,824	230,845
2000	18,830	221,276
1999	19,420	210,518
1998	19,762	197,185
1997	20,686	174,687
1996	21,858	140,455
1995	23,029	121,137
1994	26,703	-719,479
1993	28,046	183,926
1992	28,446	188,025
1991	28,497	196,431
1990	28,349	207,895
1989	28,257	217,632
1988	27,396	223,759
1987	27,285	225,744
1986	27,096	225,526
1985	26,835	223,794
1984	26,149	219,337
1983	24,883	212,750
1982	24,742	205,147
1981	23,973	195,769
1980	23,153	184,988
1979	22,299	174,477
1978	21,466	163,779
1977	20,609	155,011
1976	19,734	147,665
1975	18,849	140,596
1974	17,971	135,743
1973	17,145	131,021
1972	16,353	126,403
1971	15,615	122,567
1970	14,873	119,273
1969	14,164	115,394
1968	13,449	111,422
1967	12,773	108,053
1966	12,282	105,128
1965	11,719	103,422
1964	11,266	102,562
1963	10,929	94,296
1962	10,601	102,548
1961	10,262	102,051
1960	9,947	100,627

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +1.64% in Eswatini and +2.24% in Rwanda.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +1.63% in Eswatini and +2.45% in Rwanda.

Birth rate in Eswatini vs Rwanda by year

Chart Table

Eswatini

Rwanda

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2023	24.1	28.3
2022	24.6	28.9
2021	25	29.4
2020	25.4	30
2019	25.9	30.7
2018	26.4	31.2
2017	26.9	31.7
2016	27.6	32
2015	28.3	32.1
2014	29	32.2
2013	29.6	32.4
2012	30	32.9
2011	30.4	33.8
2010	30.9	35.1
2009	31.9	36.3
2008	32.3	37.6
2007	32.2	38.8
2006	32.2	39.9
2005	32.5	40.6
2004	32.6	41.1
2003	32.3	41.4
2002	32.2	41.8
2001	32.4	42.1
2000	32.6	42.1
1999	32.5	42.1
1998	32.2	42.2
1997	32.4	40.5
1996	33.1	37.2
1995	34	39.5
1994	37.3	48
1993	37.9	41.5
1992	38.7	42.2
1991	39.5	42.8
1990	40.4	44.1
1989	41.6	45.3
1988	42.2	46.6
1987	43.9	47.8
1986	45.4	49
1985	46.9	50.2
1984	47.8	51.1
1983	48.4	51.8
1982	48.9	52.4
1981	49.5	52.7
1980	49.8	52.7
1979	50.1	52.5
1978	50.4	52.1
1977	50.6	51.6
1976	50.7	51.1
1975	50.6	50.4
1974	50.3	50
1973	50.1	49.4
1972	49.8	48.9
1971	49.5	48.5
1970	49.1	48.2
1969	48.6	47.9
1968	48.1	47.6
1967	47.5	47.4
1966	47.4	47.6
1965	47.2	48
1964	47.1	48.8
1963	47.3	49.8
1962	47.3	50.9
1961	47.4	52
1960	47.4	52.9

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 24.1 in Eswatini and 28.3 in Rwanda, compared with 47.4 and 52.9, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Eswatini

Factual

UN forecast

Rwanda

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2100	17.1%	18.7%
2099	17.2%	18.9%
2098	17.3%	19%
2097	17.4%	19.1%
2096	17.4%	19.3%
2095	17.5%	19.4%
2094	17.6%	19.6%
2093	17.7%	19.7%
2092	17.8%	19.9%
2091	17.9%	20%
2090	18%	20.2%
2089	18.1%	20.4%
2088	18.2%	20.5%
2087	18.3%	20.7%
2086	18.4%	20.9%
2085	18.5%	21.1%
2084	18.6%	21.3%
2083	18.7%	21.5%
2082	18.8%	21.7%
2081	19%	21.9%
2080	19.1%	22.1%
2079	19.2%	22.2%
2078	19.3%	22.4%
2077	19.4%	22.6%
2076	19.6%	22.8%
2075	19.7%	23%
2074	19.8%	23.2%
2073	20%	23.4%
2072	20.1%	23.6%
2071	20.3%	23.8%
2070	20.4%	24%
2069	20.6%	24.2%
2068	20.7%	24.4%
2067	20.9%	24.6%
2066	21.1%	24.9%
2065	21.2%	25.1%
2064	21.4%	25.3%
2063	21.6%	25.6%
2062	21.8%	25.8%
2061	22%	26.1%
2060	22.3%	26.4%
2059	22.5%	26.7%
2058	22.7%	27%
2057	23%	27.3%
2056	23.2%	27.6%
2055	23.5%	27.9%
2054	23.7%	28.3%
2053	24%	28.6%
2052	24.2%	28.9%
2051	24.5%	29.2%
2050	24.7%	29.5%
2049	25%	29.8%
2048	25.3%	30.1%
2047	25.5%	30.4%
2046	25.8%	30.7%
2045	26.1%	31%
2044	26.4%	31.2%
2043	26.7%	31.5%
2042	27%	31.8%
2041	27.3%	32.1%
2040	27.6%	32.4%
2039	27.9%	32.7%
2038	28.2%	33%
2037	28.6%	33.3%
2036	28.9%	33.6%
2035	29.3%	33.9%
2034	29.7%	34.2%
2033	30.1%	34.6%
2032	30.5%	34.9%
2031	30.8%	35.2%
2030	31.2%	35.6%
2029	31.6%	35.9%
2028	32%	36.2%
2027	32.4%	36.5%
2026	32.8%	36.9%
2025	33.2%	37.2%
2024	33.4%	37.4%
2023	33.7%	37.7%
2022	34%	38.2%
2021	34.3%	38.6%
2020	34.7%	39.2%
2019	35.1%	39.7%
2018	35.6%	40.1%
2017	36%	40.5%
2016	36.4%	40.9%
2015	36.8%	41.1%
2014	37.2%	41.4%
2013	37.6%	41.7%
2012	38%	41.9%
2011	38.4%	42.2%
2010	38.8%	42.4%
2009	39.3%	42.6%
2008	39.9%	42.8%
2007	40.4%	42.9%
2006	40.8%	42.9%
2005	41.1%	43.1%
2004	41.4%	43.3%
2003	41.8%	43.7%
2002	42.3%	44.3%
2001	42.9%	45.2%
2000	43.6%	46.4%
1999	44.4%	47.8%
1998	45.3%	49.2%
1997	46.2%	50.5%
1996	46.9%	51.4%
1995	47.4%	52.4%
1994	47%	50.1%
1993	46.4%	48.4%
1992	46.6%	48.7%
1991	47.1%	48.9%
1990	47.6%	49%
1989	48.1%	48.9%
1988	48.7%	48.9%
1987	49.3%	48.8%
1986	49.4%	48.6%
1985	49.5%	48.3%
1984	49.4%	48.1%
1983	49.3%	47.7%
1982	49.2%	47.4%
1981	48.9%	47.1%
1980	48.7%	46.8%
1979	48.5%	46.5%
1978	48.3%	46.4%
1977	48.1%	46.4%
1976	47.9%	46.4%
1975	47.7%	46.6%
1974	47.5%	46.9%
1973	47.4%	47.2%
1972	47.3%	47.5%
1971	47.2%	47.9%
1970	47.2%	48.2%
1969	47.2%	48.7%
1968	47.3%	49.2%
1967	47.5%	49.7%
1966	47.7%	50.2%
1965	47.7%	50.6%
1964	47.8%	50.8%
1963	47.7%	50.6%
1962	47.4%	50.2%
1961	47.2%	49.7%
1960	46.9%	49.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 33.4% of the population in Eswatini and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 47.6% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Eswatini and Rwanda compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Eswatini vs Rwanda

Chart Table

Eswatini

Rwanda

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2023	118	229
2022	112	234
2021	219	254
2020	102	252
2019	96	261
2018	133	269
2017	151	275
2016	213	278
2015	283	292
2014	369	301
2013	491	317
2012	613	331
2011	765	358
2010	752	393
2009	855	418
2008	766	454
2007	647	494
2006	511	494
2005	529	465
2004	451	460
2003	392	551
2002	331	677
2001	307	769
2000	361	885
1999	409	1,073
1998	475	1,268
1997	550	1,318
1996	604	1,295
1995	612	1,505
1994	645	5,721
1993	609	1,619
1992	580	1,530
1991	545	1,386
1990	520	1,309
1989	505	1,238
1988	494	1,188
1987	521	1,145
1986	548	1,126
1985	580	1,116

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 118 deaths per 100,000 live births in Eswatini, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Eswatini

Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Eswatini	Rwanda
2023	4.5%	4%
2022	4.62%	4.08%
2021	4.76%	4.16%
2020	4.98%	4.25%
2019	5.16%	4.34%
2018	5.1%	4.43%
2017	5.43%	4.52%
2016	5.53%	4.63%
2015	5.86%	4.78%
2014	6.17%	4.96%
2013	6.16%	5.17%
2012	6.38%	5.45%
2011	6.81%	5.81%
2010	8.18%	6.33%
2009	9.25%	6.92%
2008	9.82%	7.62%
2007	10%	8.45%
2006	10.5%	9.37%
2005	11.6%	10.5%
2004	11.6%	11.8%
2003	11.6%	13.3%
2002	11.4%	14.9%
2001	11.3%	16.7%
2000	10.9%	18.5%
1999	10.4%	20.2%
1998	9.87%	21.5%
1997	9.3%	22.2%
1996	8.71%	22.2%
1995	8.12%	21.8%
1994	7.62%	38.9%
1993	7.17%	19.3%
1992	6.85%	17.5%
1991	6.72%	16%
1990	6.75%	15.1%
1989	6.93%	14.8%
1988	7.2%	14.8%
1987	7.54%	15.2%
1986	7.93%	15.6%
1985	8.37%	16.1%
1984	8.85%	16.6%
1983	10.4%	17.4%
1982	9.89%	18.6%
1981	10.4%	20.1%
1980	10.9%	21.8%
1979	11.5%	23.4%
1978	12%	24.6%
1977	12.6%	25.1%
1976	13.2%	25.1%
1975	13.7%	24.6%
1974	14.3%	24%
1973	14.9%	23.4%
1972	15.4%	23%
1971	16%	22.6%
1970	16.5%	22.3%
1969	17%	22%
1968	17.4%	21.7%
1967	17.9%	21.4%
1966	18.3%	21.2%
1965	18.8%	21.1%
1964	19.2%	21.1%
1963	19.6%	21.3%
1962	20%	21.5%
1961	20.4%	21.9%
1960	20.7%	22.4%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 4.5% in Eswatini and 4% in Rwanda. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.