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Fertility & birth rates in Canada and Rwanda

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has an annual birth rate of 8.8 births per 1,000 people, compared to 28.3 for Rwanda. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 1.26 in Canada and 3.7 in Rwanda — 193.5% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -66.9% in Canada and by -55.4% in Rwanda — in 1960, it was 3.81 and 8.28, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Canada is ranked 166/196 by birth rate compared to 38/196 for Rwanda.
  • The mean age for first-time mothers is 30 years in Canada, compared to 23 years in Rwanda.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 31.6 in Canada — it's 30.6 in Rwanda.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 4.81 in Canada vs 30.8 in Rwanda.
  • In Canada, 22.6% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 26.2% in Rwanda.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.07% in Canada and +2.24% in Rwanda.

Birth rate data compared

Canada Rwanda
Fertility rate 1.26 3.7
Birth rate 8.8 28.3
Birth rate rank 166/196 38/196
Age at first childbirth 30 years 23 years
Average age at childbearing 31.6 years 30.6 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 4.23 30.2
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 48.2 155.6
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 17.2 66.4
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.6% 26.2%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 73.3% 58.4%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 98% 94.2%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.01% 0.23%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 0.34% 1.81%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 0.44% 3.05%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 0.51% 4%
Population change due to births and deaths +28,058 +312,762
Natural population change rank 104/196 51/196
Natural population change rate +0.07% +2.24%
Population growth +3.01% +2.16%
Population growth rank 15/197 47/197
Life expectancy 82.9 years 68.2 years

Fertility rate in Canada vs Rwanda chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Canada was 1.26 children per woman in 2023, compared to 3.7 in Rwanda in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Canada vs Rwanda population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Canada
Factual

UN forecast
Rwanda
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Canada Rwanda
1960 3.81 8.28
1961 3.75 8.28
1962 3.68 8.27
1963 3.61 8.27
1964 3.46 8.27
1965 3.12 8.25
1966 2.75 8.23
1967 2.53 8.21
1968 2.39 8.19
1969 2.33 8.18
1970 2.26 8.15
1971 2.14 8.09
1972 1.98 8.09
1973 1.89 8.09
1974 1.84 8.1
1975 1.82 8.1
1976 1.8 8.12
1977 1.78 8.14
1978 1.77 8.16
1979 1.75 8.13
1980 1.74 8.12
1981 1.7 8.1
1982 1.69 8.06
1983 1.68 8
1984 1.65 7.91
1985 1.67 7.79
1986 1.68 7.61
1987 1.68 7.43
1988 1.68 7.23
1989 1.77 7.03
1990 1.83 6.8
1991 1.72 6.62
1992 1.71 6.54
1993 1.69 6.48
1994 1.69 6.42
1995 1.67 6.35
1996 1.63 6.29
1997 1.57 6.24
1998 1.56 6.17
1999 1.55 6.06
2000 1.51 5.97
2001 1.54 5.89
2002 1.52 5.82
2003 1.55 5.74
2004 1.56 5.64
2005 1.58 5.5
2006 1.63 5.34
2007 1.67 5.14
2008 1.7 4.92
2009 1.69 4.71
2010 1.65 4.52
2011 1.63 4.33
2012 1.63 4.2
2013 1.61 4.14
2014 1.61 4.12
2015 1.6 4.11
2016 1.59 4.11
2017 1.55 4.08
2018 1.51 4.05
2019 1.47 3.99
2020 1.41 3.91
2021 1.44 3.84
2022 1.33 3.78
2023 1.26 3.7
2024 1.25 3.64
2025 1.24 3.59
2026 1.24 3.54
2027 1.23 3.49
2028 1.24 3.43
2029 1.23 3.38
2030 1.24 3.33
2031 1.24 3.28
2032 1.24 3.24
2033 1.25 3.19
2034 1.25 3.15
2035 1.25 3.11
2036 1.26 3.07
2037 1.26 3.03
2038 1.26 2.99
2039 1.27 2.95
2040 1.27 2.92
2041 1.27 2.89
2042 1.28 2.85
2043 1.28 2.81
2044 1.28 2.78
2045 1.28 2.75
2046 1.29 2.72
2047 1.29 2.69
2048 1.29 2.67
2049 1.3 2.64
2050 1.3 2.61

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Canada
Factual

UN forecast
Rwanda
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Canada Rwanda
1960 33.8% 49.2%
1961 33.9% 49.7%
1962 33.9% 50.2%
1963 33.9% 50.6%
1964 33.7% 50.8%
1965 33.3% 50.6%
1966 32.9% 50.2%
1967 32.3% 49.7%
1968 31.6% 49.2%
1969 31% 48.7%
1970 30.2% 48.2%
1971 29.3% 47.9%
1972 28.6% 47.5%
1973 27.8% 47.2%
1974 27% 46.9%
1975 26.2% 46.6%
1976 25.5% 46.4%
1977 24.7% 46.4%
1978 24% 46.4%
1979 23.4% 46.5%
1980 22.8% 46.8%
1981 22.3% 47.1%
1982 22% 47.4%
1983 21.8% 47.7%
1984 21.6% 48.1%
1985 21.3% 48.3%
1986 21.1% 48.6%
1987 20.9% 48.8%
1988 20.8% 48.9%
1989 20.8% 48.9%
1990 20.7% 49%
1991 20.7% 48.9%
1992 20.7% 48.7%
1993 20.7% 48.4%
1994 20.6% 50.1%
1995 20.4% 52.4%
1996 20.2% 51.4%
1997 20% 50.5%
1998 19.8% 49.2%
1999 19.5% 47.8%
2000 19.2% 46.4%
2001 18.9% 45.2%
2002 18.6% 44.3%
2003 18.3% 43.7%
2004 18% 43.3%
2005 17.7% 43.1%
2006 17.4% 42.9%
2007 17.1% 42.9%
2008 16.9% 42.8%
2009 16.7% 42.6%
2010 16.6% 42.4%
2011 16.4% 42.2%
2012 16.3% 41.9%
2013 16.3% 41.7%
2014 16.2% 41.4%
2015 16.2% 41.1%
2016 16.2% 40.9%
2017 16.2% 40.5%
2018 16.1% 40.1%
2019 16% 39.7%
2020 15.9% 39.2%
2021 15.7% 38.6%
2022 15.5% 38.2%
2023 15.3% 37.7%
2024 15.1% 37.4%
2025 15% 37%
2026 14.9% 36.7%
2027 14.7% 36.4%
2028 14.6% 36%
2029 14.5% 35.7%
2030 14.4% 35.4%
2031 14.3% 35%
2032 14.2% 34.7%
2033 14.1% 34.4%
2034 14% 34.1%
2035 13.9% 33.7%
2036 13.9% 33.4%
2037 13.8% 33.1%
2038 13.8% 32.9%
2039 13.7% 32.6%
2040 13.7% 32.3%
2041 13.6% 32%
2042 13.6% 31.7%
2043 13.6% 31.4%
2044 13.5% 31.1%
2045 13.5% 30.8%
2046 13.5% 30.5%
2047 13.5% 30.2%
2048 13.5% 29.9%
2049 13.5% 29.7%
2050 13.5% 29.4%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.1% of the population in Canada and 37.4% in Rwanda in 2024, compared to 20.7% and 49% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Canada and Rwanda compared.

Natural population change in Canada vs Rwanda by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +0.22% in Canada and +2.45% in Rwanda. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Canada
Rwanda

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Canada Rwanda
1960 338,487 100,627
1961 334,360 102,051
1962 325,745 102,548
1963 318,595 94,296
1964 307,268 102,562
1965 269,589 103,422
1966 236,566 105,128
1967 220,450 108,053
1968 211,589 111,422
1969 216,588 115,394
1970 215,372 119,273
1971 208,640 122,567
1972 188,857 126,403
1973 184,432 131,021
1974 182,464 135,743
1975 196,718 140,596
1976 196,979 147,665
1977 199,297 155,011
1978 194,102 163,779
1979 203,293 174,477
1980 203,480 184,988
1981 206,005 195,769
1982 200,935 205,147
1983 202,931 212,750
1984 204,856 219,337
1985 204,153 223,794
1986 190,532 225,526
1987 190,416 225,744
1988 192,901 223,759
1989 207,304 217,632
1990 213,222 207,895
1991 207,477 196,431
1992 204,273 188,025
1993 186,451 183,926
1994 179,804 -719,479
1995 167,023 121,137
1996 153,973 140,455
1997 134,577 174,687
1998 126,651 197,185
1999 118,565 210,518
2000 110,469 221,276
2001 114,777 230,845
2002 106,621 239,036
2003 110,749 251,243
2004 111,786 265,273
2005 116,074 275,121
2006 130,285 282,149
2007 134,845 285,791
2008 142,963 287,334
2009 144,609 287,034
2010 139,425 286,848
2011 133,923 282,922
2012 135,382 282,584
2013 129,799 286,331
2014 127,563 292,779
2015 117,825 299,114
2016 115,555 305,549
2017 98,672 310,323
2018 88,974 312,512
2019 86,523 313,525
2020 53,241 312,692
2021 57,360 309,895
2022 15,574 312,145
2023 28,058 312,762

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Canada vs Rwanda

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Canada, compared to 229 deaths in Rwanda.

Canada
Rwanda
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Canada Rwanda
1985 7 1,116
1986 7 1,126
1987 7 1,145
1988 7 1,188
1989 8 1,238
1990 7 1,309
1991 8 1,386
1992 8 1,530
1993 8 1,619
1994 8 5,721
1995 8 1,505
1996 9 1,295
1997 8 1,318
1998 9 1,268
1999 9 1,073
2000 9 885
2001 10 769
2002 10 677
2003 10 551
2004 10 460
2005 11 465
2006 11 494
2007 11 494
2008 12 454
2009 12 418
2010 11 393
2011 11 358
2012 11 331
2013 11 317
2014 12 301
2015 11 292
2016 12 278
2017 12 275
2018 13 269
2019 12 261
2020 17 252
2021 14 254
2022 15 234
2023 12 229

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.51% in Canada and 4% in Rwanda. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Canada
Rwanda

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Canada Rwanda
1960 3.26% 22.4%
1961 3.15% 21.9%
1962 3.05% 21.5%
1963 2.94% 21.3%
1964 2.82% 21.1%
1965 2.71% 21.1%
1966 2.6% 21.2%
1967 2.5% 21.4%
1968 2.4% 21.7%
1969 2.3% 22%
1970 2.19% 22.3%
1971 2.09% 22.6%
1972 1.99% 23%
1973 1.89% 23.4%
1974 1.79% 24%
1975 1.7% 24.6%
1976 1.6% 25.1%
1977 1.51% 25.1%
1978 1.42% 24.6%
1979 1.33% 23.4%
1980 1.25% 21.8%
1981 1.18% 20.1%
1982 1.12% 18.6%
1983 1.06% 17.4%
1984 1.01% 16.6%
1985 0.98% 16.1%
1986 0.94% 15.6%
1987 0.91% 15.2%
1988 0.88% 14.8%
1989 0.85% 14.8%
1990 0.82% 15.1%
1991 0.8% 16%
1992 0.77% 17.5%
1993 0.74% 19.3%
1994 0.72% 38.9%
1995 0.69% 21.8%
1996 0.67% 22.2%
1997 0.65% 22.2%
1998 0.64% 21.5%
1999 0.63% 20.2%
2000 0.62% 18.5%
2001 0.62% 16.7%
2002 0.62% 14.9%
2003 0.62% 13.3%
2004 0.61% 11.8%
2005 0.61% 10.5%
2006 0.6% 9.37%
2007 0.6% 8.45%
2008 0.59% 7.62%
2009 0.58% 6.92%
2010 0.57% 6.33%
2011 0.56% 5.81%
2012 0.56% 5.45%
2013 0.55% 5.17%
2014 0.54% 4.96%
2015 0.54% 4.78%
2016 0.53% 4.63%
2017 0.52% 4.52%
2018 0.52% 4.43%
2019 0.51% 4.34%
2020 0.51% 4.25%
2021 0.51% 4.16%
2022 0.51% 4.08%
2023 0.51% 4%

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Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Canada vs Rwanda
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