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Economy of Sweden vs Syria compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Sweden has a GDP of $669B compared to $20B for Syria, ranking 26/197 and 134/197 by economy size, respectively.

Sweden has $234B in government debt (34.9% of GDP), compared to $18.4B (30% of GDP) in Syria.

Sweden vs Syria GDP by year

Sweden
Syria
1x
Year GDP, current $
Sweden Syria
2025 $668,998,664,082 -
2024 $604,827,393,489 -
2023 $578,990,915,246 $19,993,439,950
2022 $575,071,237,641 $23,737,634,644
2021 $631,693,331,301 $14,892,885,528
2020 $544,265,668,452 $12,501,503,673
2019 $530,894,124,494 $22,583,046,645
2018 $549,649,344,043 $21,497,779,248
2017 $535,172,356,785 $16,369,842,725
2016 $513,058,312,951 $12,597,854,088
2015 $501,602,351,912 $16,466,861,435
2014 $577,727,767,304 $21,502,061,466
2013 $584,125,353,119 $21,361,254,635
2012 $549,739,674,655 $43,190,318,033
2011 $570,538,581,144 $67,539,433,544
2010 $492,750,897,239 $61,390,833,273
2009 $434,311,714,442 $54,111,721,044
2008 $514,614,100,833 $52,557,913,397
2007 $490,047,789,548 $40,465,331,020
2006 $422,528,394,459 $33,751,812,959
2005 $391,688,455,929 $28,858,937,499
2004 $384,545,442,175 $25,086,910,448
2003 $334,072,443,516 $21,828,144,686
2002 $267,371,907,447 $20,786,986,580
2001 $242,497,797,485 $20,078,599,626
2000 $262,903,560,280 $18,937,031,610
1999 $274,318,357,862 $15,873,875,969
1998 $270,887,306,759 $15,200,846,154
1997 $268,249,616,891 $14,505,233,463
1996 $291,949,597,375 $13,789,560,878
1995 $267,050,453,507 $11,396,706,587
1994 $228,699,066,874 $10,122,020,000
1993 $212,644,602,616 $13,695,962,055
1992 $283,908,914,454 $13,253,565,861
1991 $273,831,464,572 $12,981,833,333
1990 $261,466,577,009 $12,308,624,418
1989 $217,632,340,195 $9,853,395,762
1988 $206,686,590,776 $10,577,041,645
1987 $182,744,315,974 $11,356,215,543
1986 $150,279,869,729 $13,293,205,278
1985 $113,958,084,357 $16,403,539,893
1984 $109,043,045,407 $17,503,078,174
1983 $104,862,109,663 $17,589,277,143
1982 $114,214,731,799 $16,298,929,011
1981 $129,498,921,476 $15,518,201,335
1980 $141,886,067,004 $13,062,420,382
1979 $123,207,527,699 $9,929,681,529
1978 $104,290,933,496 $9,275,200,458
1977 $94,331,782,622 $7,696,011,396
1976 $89,232,517,046 $7,633,528,867
1975 $82,765,232,648 $6,826,980,444
1974 $65,917,634,590 $5,159,557,148
1973 $59,318,842,992 $3,239,487,516
1972 $48,883,173,400 $3,059,681,698
1971 $41,506,151,115 $2,589,851,325
1970 $38,037,226,668 $2,140,384,010
1969 $33,967,301,561 $2,245,011,515
1968 $31,277,871,669 $1,753,746,430
1967 $29,474,881,506 $1,580,229,799
1966 $27,154,716,721 $1,342,287,553
1965 $24,963,947,415 $1,472,036,540
1964 $22,685,490,195 $1,339,494,267
1963 $20,342,131,882 $1,200,447,408
1962 $18,794,066,990 $1,110,565,881
1961 $17,329,620,585 $945,244,972
1960 $15,930,075,467 $857,704,413

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

GDP per capita in Sweden vs Syria by year

Sweden
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Syria
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Sweden Syria
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $63,133 - - -
2024 $57,223 $71,845 - -
2023 $54,950 $69,226 $847 $4,650
2022 $54,837 $67,076 $1,057 $4,772
2021 $60,648 $62,732 $689 $4,593
2020 $52,569 $57,489 $594 $3,738
2019 $51,649 $57,046 $1,110 $3,502
2018 $54,018 $53,122 $1,098 $3,456
2017 $53,210 $51,474 $852 $3,265
2016 $51,704 $50,290 $656 -
2015 $51,188 $48,772 $848 -
2014 $59,583 $46,841 $1,061 -
2013 $60,844 $46,098 $986 -
2012 $57,750 $45,207 $1,898 -
2011 $60,379 $44,333 $2,952 -
2010 $52,543 $41,951 $2,731 -
2009 $46,708 $40,094 $2,462 -
2008 $55,817 $41,907 $2,429 -
2007 $53,568 $40,813 $1,938 -
2006 $46,531 $37,672 $1,719 -
2005 $43,378 $34,198 $1,534 -
2004 $42,758 $33,805 $1,368 -
2003 $37,292 $31,788 $1,220 -
2002 $29,958 $30,987 $1,190 -
2001 $27,259 $29,946 $1,178 -
2000 $29,633 $29,636 $1,138 -
1999 $30,969 $27,496 $978 -
1998 $30,605 $25,897 $961 -
1997 $30,324 $24,817 $941 -
1996 $33,022 $23,952 $918 -
1995 $30,254 $23,084 $780 -
1994 $26,046 $21,835 $712 -
1993 $24,390 $20,700 $993 -
1992 $32,753 $20,767 $990 -
1991 $31,777 $20,663 $1,000 -
1990 $30,549 $20,357 $978 -
1989 $25,625 - $809 -
1988 $24,499 - $898 -
1987 $21,761 - $997 -
1986 $17,955 - $1,208 -
1985 $13,647 - $1,544 -
1984 $13,080 - $1,706 -
1983 $12,590 - $1,776 -
1982 $13,719 - $1,703 -
1981 $15,564 - $1,676 -
1980 $17,073 - $1,458 -
1979 $14,856 - $1,146 -
1978 $12,602 - $1,108 -
1977 $11,432 - $951 -
1976 $10,853 - $976 -
1975 $10,103 - $904 -
1974 $8,078 - $707 -
1973 $7,291 - $459 -
1972 $6,018 - $448 -
1971 $5,125 - $393 -
1970 $4,729 - $335 -
1969 $4,263 - $364 -
1968 $3,953 - $293.3 -
1967 $3,746 - $272.9 -
1966 $3,478 - $239.3 -
1965 $3,228 - $270.8 -
1964 $2,961 - $254.2 -
1963 $2,675 - $234.9 -
1962 $2,485 - $223.9 -
1961 $2,304 - $196.3 -
1960 $2,128 - $183.5 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

Sweden's GDP per capita is $63,133, ranking 15/197, compared to $847 in Syria, ranking 185/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Sweden ranks 23rd at $71,845, while Syria ranks 160th at $4,650.

Economic indicators

Sweden Syria
Gross domestic product
$669B
2025
$20B
2023
GDP rank
26/197
2025
134/197
2023
GDP growth
1.54%
2024-2025
-1.85%
2022-2023
GDP per capita
$63,133
2025
$847
2023
GDP per capita rank
15/197
2025
185/197
2023
GDP per capita, PPP
$71,845
2024
$4,650
2023
GDP per capita PPP rank
23/197
2024
160/197
2023
Government debt
$234B
2025
$18.4B
2010
Debt-to-GDP ratio
34.9%
2025
30%
2010
Government debt per person
$22,057
2025
$820
2010
Government debt per person rank
31/185
2025
150/185
2010
Average annual personal income after taxes
$40,083
2026
$693
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$290B
2003
n/a
Number of millionaires
507,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
50
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.3%
2023
20.9%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.8%
2023
3.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
49.4%
2025
28.6%
2010
Consumer prices inflation
0.68%
2024-2025
13.4%
2018-2019
Central bank interest rate
1.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.8%
2025
14.9%
2011
Population
10665077
26956472

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Sweden
Spending

Debt
Syria
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Sweden Syria
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 49.4% 34.9% - -
2024 49.3% 33.9% - -
2023 48.9% 32.1% - -
2022 48.3% 34.2% - -
2021 49.3% 37.3% - -
2020 52% 40.4% - -
2019 48.8% 35.8% - -
2018 49.8% 39.9% - -
2017 49.2% 41.6% - -
2016 49.5% 42.9% - -
2015 49.4% 44.5% - -
2014 50.7% 45.7% - -
2013 51.4% 40.8% - -
2012 50.2% 38% - -
2011 49.1% 37.7% - -
2010 49.7% 38.6% 28.6% 30%
2009 51.7% 41.2% 26.7% 31.2%
2008 49.4% 37.9% 22.9% 37.3%
2007 48.5% 39.2% 25.7% 42.7%
2006 50.1% 43.8% 26.3% 45%
2005 51.2% 48.9% 28.2% 50.7%
2004 51.7% 48.7% 31.3% 113%
2003 53% 49.5% 32.6% 133.4%
2002 52.7% 49.9% 28.5% 132.4%
2001 51.7% 52% 28% 144.5%
2000 52.2% 50.4% 27.4% 152.1%
1999 55.2% 60.3% 28% 147.7%
1998 55.6% 65.4% 28.8% 151.2%
1997 57.9% 67.7% 29% 147.6%
1996 60% 68.9% 27.7% 141.5%
1995 62.1% 68.7% 29.8% 152.6%
1994 65.3% 68.6% 30.3% 163%
1993 67.9% 66.1% 29.4% 171.9%
1992 66.5% 45.7% 34.2% 173.6%
1991 61.2% 40.2% 34.3% 182.4%
1990 57.5% 40.3% 28.3% 189.8%
1989 35.8% 44.8% - -
1988 37.9% 50.3% - -
1987 40.9% 56% - -
1986 42.1% 59.5% - -
1985 47.6% 61.2% - -
1984 46.7% 57.5% - -
1983 48.6% 54.5% - -
1982 46.4% 47.9% - -
1981 46.1% 41.5% - -
1980 41% 34.4% - -
1979 39.9% 28.3% - -
1978 39.1% 24% - -
1977 35.7% 21% - -
1976 32.3% 19% - -
1975 30.6% 19.9% - -
1974 30.1% 19.4% - -
1973 31.1% 18% - -
1972 31.9% 17.2% - -
1971 29.8% 16.9% - -
1970 29.5% 16.9% - -
1969 28.7% 17.6% - -
1968 28.3% 17.6% - -
1967 27.7% 16.1% - -
1966 26.5% 15.3% - -
1965 24.6% 17% - -
1964 23.4% 18.7% - -
1963 24.4% 20.7% - -
1962 23.4% 23% - -
1961 23.7% 26% - -
1960 24.4% 28.6% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

In 2025, Sweden's government spending was $331B, accounting for 49.4% of its GDP, while Syria spent $17.6B, or 28.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 34.9% in Sweden and 30% in Syria, ranking 144/185 and 155/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Sweden

Syria
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Sweden Syria
2025 -1.41% -
2024 -1.5% -
2023 -0.63% -
2022 1% -
2021 -0.15% -
2020 -3.18% -
2019 0.44% -
2018 0.67% -
2017 1.29% -
2016 0.86% -
2015 -0.27% -
2014 -1.84% -
2013 -1.63% -
2012 -1.19% -
2011 -0.41% -
2010 -0.14% -7.79%
2009 -0.89% -2.89%
2008 1.87% -2.86%
2007 3.37% -2.99%
2006 2.2% -1.12%
2005 2.08% -4.41%
2004 0.17% -4.18%
2003 -1.25% -2.7%
2002 -1.46% -2.02%
2001 1.37% 2.3%
2000 3.11% -1.36%
1999 0.6% -1.47%
1998 0.82% -2.81%
1997 -1.57% -1.78%
1996 -3.11% -2.83%
1995 -7.01% -3.81%
1994 -8.77% -6%
1993 -10.9% -4.96%
1992 -8.51% -7.26%
1991 0.28% -6.57%
1990 3.7% -3.92%
1989 1.5% -
1988 -0.64% -
1987 -2% -
1986 -6.21% -
1985 -9.91% -
1984 -12.1% -
1983 -15.1% -
1982 -13.4% -
1981 -12.8% -
1980 -11.5% -
1979 -9.95% -
1978 -7.32% -
1977 -3.32% -
1976 -1.27% -
1975 -4.05% -
1974 -4.12% -
1973 -3.28% -
1972 -2.17% -
1971 -1.67% -
1970 -2.64% -
1969 -2.03% -
1968 -2.37% -
1967 -1.41% -
1966 -0.33% -
1965 -0.17% -
1964 -0.1% -
1963 0.41% -
1962 0.7% -
1961 0.56% -
1960 -2.67% -
1959 -2.53% -
1958 -2.31% -
1957 -2.1% -
1956 -1.21% -
1955 -1.72% -
1954 -1.52% -
1953 -2.47% -
1952 -0.16% -
1951 -0.9% -
1950 -1.64% -
1949 -0.74% -
1948 0.29% -
1947 -1.08% -
1946 -0.61% -
1945 -8.04% -
1944 -8.66% -
1943 -10.7% -
1942 -11.8% -
1941 -13.1% -
1940 -8.16% -
1939 -1.13% -
1938 -0.07% -
1937 0.46% -
1936 -0.64% -
1935 -2.19% -
1934 -1.88% -
1933 -4.1% -
1932 -1.56% -
1931 -0.05% -
1930 0.09% -
1929 -0.39% -
1928 -0.06% -
1927 -1.14% -
1926 -1.11% -
1925 -1.44% -
1924 -0.99% -
1923 -1.65% -
1922 -3.17% -
1921 -3.55% -
1920 -0.6% -
1919 0.17% -
1918 -8.59% -
1917 -0.26% -
1916 -0.23% -
1915 -0.94% -
1914 -0.55% -
1913 -0.17% -
1912 -0.51% -
1911 -0.87% -
1910 -0.81% -
1909 -2.08% -
1908 -2.27% -
1907 -0.68% -
1906 -0.66% -
1905 -0.34% -
1904 -0.56% -
1903 0.08% -
1902 -1.57% -
1901 -1.34% -
1900 -0.32% -
1899 0.57% -
1898 0.91% -
1897 1.09% -
1896 -0.59% -
1895 1% -
1894 0.47% -
1893 -0.49% -
1892 -0.68% -
1891 -0.6% -
1890 0.33% -
1889 0.19% -
1888 -0.05% -
1887 -1.5% -
1886 -0.98% -
1885 -0.08% -
1884 0.24% -
1883 0.16% -
1882 0.36% -
1881 -0.17% -
1880 -0.47% -
1879 -1.89% -
1878 -2.04% -
1877 -1.21% -
1876 -1.07% -
1875 -1.26% -
1874 -1.05% -
1873 0.06% -
1872 -0.15% -
1871 0.22% -
1870 -0.42% -
1869 -1.52% -
1868 -1.67% -
1867 -1.17% -
1866 -3.01% -
1865 -2.02% -
1864 -2.3% -
1863 -1.58% -
1862 -1.35% -
1861 -1.11% -
1860 -2.03% -
1859 -2.17% -
1858 -2.36% -
1857 -0.62% -
1856 -0.08% -
1855 -0.09% -
1854 -0.19% -
1853 0.17% -
1852 -0.31% -
1851 -0.07% -
1850 0.004% -
1849 0.09% -
1848 0.12% -
1847 0.08% -
1846 0.13% -
1845 0.04% -
1844 0.009% -
1843 0.05% -
1842 -0.12% -
1841 0.06% -
1840 -0.01% -
1839 -0.006% -
1838 0.09% -
1837 -0.38% -
1836 -0.08% -
1835 0.08% -
1834 -0.12% -
1833 0.09% -
1832 0.01% -
1831 -0.1% -
1830 -0.45% -
1829 2.7% -
1828 0.03% -
1827 -0.16% -
1826 0.37% -
1825 0.18% -
1824 -0.23% -
1823 0.37% -
1822 -0.03% -
1821 -0.49% -
1820 0.26% -
1819 0.09% -
1818 0.35% -
1817 0.35% -
1816 0.16% -
1815 2.34% -
1814 -0.45% -
1813 -0.37% -
1812 3.47% -
1811 -0.48% -
1810 -3.05% -
1809 -7.65% -
1808 -5.04% -
1807 0.1% -
1806 0.55% -
1805 0.52% -
1804 -0.25% -
1803 11.6% -
1802 2.17% -
1801 0.01% -
1800 -0.44% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

In 2010, Sweden's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $708M, equivalent to 0.14% of GDP. This compares to Syria's deficit of $4.78B, or 7.79% of GDP.

Over the past 21 years, Sweden recorded a fiscal deficit in 10 of those years, while Syria ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Sweden posted an annual deficit equal to 1.14% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Syria.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Sweden

Syria
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Sweden Syria
2025 0.68% -
2024 2.84% -
2023 8.55% -
2022 8.37% -
2021 2.16% -
2020 0.5% -
2019 1.78% 13.4%
2018 1.95% 0.94%
2017 1.79% 18.1%
2016 0.98% 47.7%
2015 -0.05% 38.5%
2014 -0.18% 10.9%
2013 -0.04% 40%
2012 0.89% 36.7%
2011 2.96% 4.75%
2010 1.16% 4.4%
2009 -0.49% 2.92%
2008 3.44% 15.7%
2007 2.21% 3.91%
2006 1.36% 10%
2005 0.45% 7.24%
2004 0.37% 4.43%
2003 1.93% 5.8%
2002 2.16% -0.13%
2001 2.41% 3%
2000 0.9% -3.85%
1999 0.46% -3.7%
1998 -0.27% -0.8%
1997 0.66% 1.89%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Sweden has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.17%, compared with 11.4% in Syria. In 2019, inflation was 0.68% in Sweden and 13.4% in Syria.

Top exports between countries

Sweden
Export category Export value
Wood & paper products $1.72M
Animal & marine products $724K
Machinery & equipment $567K
Chemicals & pharma $166K
Textiles & consumer goods $120K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $74K
Metals $63K
Miscellaneous $19K
Precious metals & jewellery $10K
Raw materials & minerals $1K
Syria
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.14M
Textiles & consumer goods $662K
Machinery & equipment $626K
Raw agricultural goods $555K
Chemicals & pharma $152K
Wood & paper products $52K
Raw materials & minerals $22K
Weapons & explosives $12K
Metals $8K
Precious metals & jewellery $6K

Balance of trade

Sweden Syria
Current account balance
$40.5B
2025
-$367M
2010
Current account balance ranking
15/190
2025
99/190
2010
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.06%
2025
-0.6%
2010
Goods imports
$201B
2025
$15.9B
2010
Goods exports
$233B
2025
$12.3B
2010
Service imports
$144B
2025
$3.53B
2010
Service exports
$132B
2025
$7.33B
2010
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
51.1%
2025
28.7%
2022
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
53.2%
2025
6.78%
2022

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Sweden Syria
Economic freedom 77.8 51.2
Economic freedom ranking 14/197 155/197
Property rights 96.2 4
Government integrity 91.6 3.6
Judicial effectiveness 95.6 3.7
Tax burden 51.6 87.3
Government spending 28.4 78.5
Fiscal health 97.5 13.8
Business freedom 84.8 33.8
Labor freedom 65.8 37.2
Monetary freedom 78.1 80
Trade freedom 79.4 47
Investment freedom 85 0
Financial freedom 80 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Sweden
Syria
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Sweden Syria
2026 77.8 -
2025 77.9 -
2024 77.5 -
2023 77.5 -
2022 77.9 -
2021 74.7 -
2020 74.9 -
2019 75.2 -
2018 76.3 -
2017 74.9 -
2016 72 -
2015 72.7 -
2014 73.1 -
2013 72.9 -
2012 71.7 51.2
2011 71.9 51.3
2010 72.4 49.4
2009 70.5 51.3
2008 70.8 47.2
2007 69.3 48.3
2006 70.9 51.2
2005 69.8 46.3
2004 70.1 40.6
2003 70 41.3
2002 70.8 36.3
2001 66.6 36.6
2000 65.1 37.2
1999 64.2 39
1998 64 42.2
1997 63.3 43
1996 61.8 42.3
1995 61.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Sweden is 77.8, ranking 14/197, compared to 51.2 for Syria, ranking 155/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Sweden Syria
Services, % of GDP
67%
2025
44.7%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
21%
2025
11.9%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.5%
2025
42.9%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$668B
2025
$18.2B
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$76,090
2025
$4,480
2023
Total reserves including gold
$74.2B
2025
$20.6B
2010
Total reserves ranking
36/177
2025
66/177
2010
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.1B
2025
-$1.47B
2010
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$0
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$29.7B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
0.15%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.1%
2022
35.2%
2007
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
25.5%
2025
16%
1969

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/sweden/syria | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1800–1992, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2010–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.