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Economy of Cameroon vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Cameroon has a GDP of $53.3B compared to $260B for New Zealand, ranking 91/197 and 52/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cameroon has $22.8B in government debt (42.8% of GDP), compared to $131B (50.2% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Cameroon vs New Zealand GDP by year

Cameroon
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cameroon New Zealand
2024 $53,296,694,320 $260,172,385,098
2023 $48,814,501,547 $255,194,972,673
2022 $44,347,206,073 $249,509,991,440
2021 $45,011,937,347 $253,977,931,815
2020 $40,773,241,177 $213,029,554,654
2019 $39,667,757,528 $213,006,341,102
2018 $39,955,552,190 $211,985,631,173
2017 $36,098,547,033 $206,745,969,246
2016 $33,814,337,044 $189,100,085,275
2015 $32,210,233,020 $178,224,167,088
2014 $36,386,544,706 $201,518,402,787
2013 $33,728,621,180 $191,012,364,177
2012 $30,155,062,329 $176,560,711,239
2011 $30,630,910,495 $168,484,908,960
2010 $27,507,501,821 $146,887,902,524
2009 $27,932,970,317 $121,663,439,315
2008 $27,715,142,033 $133,437,126,590
2007 $23,928,250,433 $137,188,946,866
2006 $20,910,512,975 $111,538,810,713
2005 $19,509,852,207 $114,720,129,550
2004 $18,826,214,136 $103,905,210,084
2003 $15,970,315,035 $88,250,885,550
2002 $12,417,251,350 $66,627,729,311
2001 $10,953,485,349 $53,872,425,917
2000 $10,566,579,295 $52,623,281,957
1999 $11,565,826,465 $58,762,260,626
1998 $11,298,144,990 $56,227,169,851
1997 $10,789,458,433 $66,075,143,415
1996 $11,093,538,846 $70,140,835,299
1995 $10,864,772,471 $63,918,703,507
1994 $8,902,446,252 $55,314,732,279
1993 $16,181,814,713 $46,775,620,817
1992 $12,071,775,335 $41,649,829,860
1991 $11,840,192,296 $42,745,329,732
1990 $12,314,482,628 $45,495,129,385
1989 $11,012,566,195 $43,920,222,525
1988 $12,236,057,362 $45,176,811,594
1987 $13,049,659,981 $40,376,354,070
1986 $11,857,056,199 $30,604,668,357
1985 $8,544,810,498 $24,679,795,396
1984 $7,311,938,026 $21,665,975,319
1983 $6,870,200,010 $24,309,279,706
1982 $6,611,255,964 $24,164,603,059
1981 $6,610,938,617 $24,417,617,184
1980 $6,674,569,047 $23,244,547,385
1979 $5,919,002,983 $20,731,243,113
1978 $4,662,852,583 $18,530,518,395
1977 $3,394,664,024 $15,446,825,318
1976 $2,898,090,002 $13,604,832,424
1975 $2,857,037,371 $12,861,983,284
1974 $2,157,415,533 $13,940,981,798
1973 $1,901,393,361 $12,802,281,898
1972 $1,498,251,890 $9,567,331,065
1971 $1,236,941,394 $7,911,136,757
1970 $1,151,216,993 $6,495,605,331
1969 $1,100,551,489 $5,814,357,709
1968 $1,046,191,218 $5,228,045,415
1967 $936,175,260 $6,016,017,227
1966 $851,112,535 $5,917,437,693
1965 $814,083,266 $5,706,251,400
1964 $776,650,177 $7,340,766,415
1963 $718,320,845 $6,699,741,645
1962 $694,247,864 $6,133,158,532
1961 $652,777,608 $5,721,994,864
1960 $614,206,068 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cameroon vs New Zealand by year

Cameroon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cameroon New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $1,830 $5,589 $49,205 $55,551
2023 $1,720 $5,411 $49,076 $54,697
2022 $1,605 $5,189 $49,100 $54,034
2021 $1,672 $4,794 $49,950 $48,249
2020 $1,556 $4,365 $41,998 $45,513
2019 $1,555 $4,241 $42,856 $45,278
2018 $1,611 $4,011 $43,257 $42,527
2017 $1,496 $3,767 $42,950 $42,244
2016 $1,442 $3,627 $40,114 $39,989
2015 $1,415 $3,498 $38,665 $37,513
2014 $1,649 $3,422 $44,618 $37,331
2013 $1,576 $3,239 $43,000 $36,263
2012 $1,449 $3,060 $40,054 $33,055
2011 $1,514 $2,989 $38,432 $32,739
2010 $1,399 $2,914 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $1,461 $2,879 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $1,492 $2,870 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $1,326 $2,818 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $1,191 $2,704 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $1,143 $2,598 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $1,133 $2,533 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $988 $2,368 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $790 $2,263 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $715 $2,191 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $709 $2,108 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $796 $2,039 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $799 $1,975 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $783 $1,915 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $827 $1,850 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $832 $1,790 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $701 $1,752 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $1,310 $1,731 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $1,005 $1,890 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $1,015 $1,963 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $1,087 $2,032 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $1,001 - $13,312 -
1988 $1,145 - $13,759 -
1987 $1,258 - $12,331 -
1986 $1,179 - $9,428 -
1985 $875 - $7,601 -
1984 $772 - $6,714 -
1983 $746 - $7,598 -
1982 $732 - $7,656 -
1981 $750 - $7,814 -
1980 $784 - $7,467 -
1979 $718 - $6,668 -
1978 $582 - $5,937 -
1977 $435 - $4,951 -
1976 $381 - $4,374 -
1975 $386 - $4,172 -
1974 $299.9 - $4,611 -
1973 $271.8 - $4,323 -
1972 $220.1 - $3,295 -
1971 $186.7 - $2,773 -
1970 $178.5 - $2,311 -
1969 $175.2 - $2,097 -
1968 $170.8 - $1,902 -
1967 $156.6 - $2,208 -
1966 $145.8 - $2,211 -
1965 $142.7 - $2,171 -
1964 $139.2 - $2,839 -
1963 $131.6 - $2,646 -
1962 $130 - $2,471 -
1961 $124.6 - $2,365 -
1960 $119.1 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

Cameroon's GDP per capita is $1,830, ranking 158/197, compared to $49,205 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cameroon ranks 156th at $5,589, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Cameroon New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$53.3B
2024
$260B
2024
GDP rank
91/197
2024
52/197
2024
GDP growth
3.52%
2023-2024
1.29%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,830
2024
$49,205
2024
GDP per capita rank
158/197
2024
26/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$5,589
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
156/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$22.8B
2024
$131B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
42.8%
2024
50.2%
2024
Government debt per person
$784
2024
$24,722
2024
Government debt per person rank
152/185
2024
28/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,578
2026
$37,758
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$92.9B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
5
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.1%
2021
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
2.1%
2021
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
16.7%
2024
41.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.53%
2023-2024
2.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.28%
2021
4.76%
2024
Population
30864115
5374272

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cameroon
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cameroon New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 16.7% 42.8% 41.9% 50.2%
2023 17.1% 43.1% 41.2% 46.9%
2022 17.1% 45.6% 41.8% 46.9%
2021 17.1% 47.2% 41.9% 47.5%
2020 16.6% 44.9% 42% 43.2%
2019 18.7% 41.6% 38.8% 31.8%
2018 18% 38.3% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 19.2% 36.5% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 20.2% 32.1% 36.4% 33.3%
2015 20.1% 31.6% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 20.1% 20.7% 37.7% 34.2%
2013 19.2% 17.5% 38.6% 34.5%
2012 17.2% 14.9% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 17.8% 15.9% 42.4% 34.7%
2010 15.2% 14% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 14.7% 11.3% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 15.9% 11.2% 38.5% 19%
2007 13.5% 13.8% 37.1% 16.3%
2006 12.5% 18.4% 37.9% 18.4%
2005 12.4% 43.8% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 13.4% 51.7% 36.2% 22.5%
2003 13.2% 51.5% 36.7% 24.7%
2002 13.9% 56.6% 36.8% 26.4%
2001 14.6% 62.2% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 14.6% 75.9% 38.3% 30%
1999 - 68.4% 39.3% 32%
1998 - 67.8% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 - - 39.3% 34.6%
1996 - - 39.9% 37.3%
1995 - - 41.6% 43.5%
1994 - - 42.8% 48.9%
1993 - - 46.8% 54.6%
1992 - - 52.5% 58.7%
1991 - - 53% 58%
1990 - - 49.6% 55.5%
1989 - - 47.8% 54.9%
1988 - - 46.1% 54.7%
1987 - - 46.1% 62.9%
1986 - - 46.9% 68.5%
1985 - - 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - - 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - - 41.4% 59.6%
1982 - - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 - - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 - - 38% 52.2%
1979 - - 38.4% 52%
1978 - - 36.6% 50%
1977 - - 30% 44.6%
1976 - - 31.6% 47.6%
1975 - - 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - - 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - - 27.1% 44%
1972 - - 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 - - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 - - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 - - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 - - 26% 59.7%
1966 - - 25% 58.2%
1965 - - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 - - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 - - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 - - 21.6% 65%
1961 - - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 - - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Cameroon's government spending was $8.91B, accounting for 16.7% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $109B, or 41.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 42.8% in Cameroon and 50.2% in New Zealand, ranking 125/185 and 107/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cameroon

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cameroon New Zealand
2024 -1.48% -3.61%
2023 -0.63% -3.54%
2022 -1.11% -4.16%
2021 -3.01% -3.5%
2020 -3.19% -4.35%
2019 -3.24% -2.5%
2018 -2.41% 1.27%
2017 -4.72% 1.36%
2016 -5.88% 0.98%
2015 -4.25% 0.36%
2014 -4.09% -0.34%
2013 -3.55% -1.29%
2012 -1.4% -2.19%
2011 -2.26% -4.96%
2010 -0.93% -5.51%
2009 -0.04% -1.81%
2008 2% 1.47%
2007 3.87% 3.6%
2006 28.2% 4.62%
2005 3.03% 5.13%
2004 -0.46% 4.49%
2003 0.56% 3.68%
2002 1.51% 2.55%
2001 0.86% 1.29%
2000 1.54% 0.17%
1999 - -1.11%
1998 - -0.48%
1997 - 1.23%
1996 - 2.58%
1995 - 3.7%
1994 - 1.99%
1993 - -1.53%
1992 - -6.27%
1991 - -6.14%
1990 - -2.74%
1989 - -2.16%
1988 - -1.88%
1987 - -3.43%
1986 - -5.33%
1985 - -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 - -6.26%
1981 - -6.02%
1980 - -4.9%
1979 - -6.55%
1978 - -3.41%
1977 - -1.09%
1976 - -2.07%
1975 - 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 - -0.05%
1969 - 0.17%
1968 - 0.03%
1967 - 0.02%
1966 - 0.09%
1965 - 0.26%
1964 - -0.08%
1963 - -0.26%
1962 - 0.02%
1961 - 0.03%
1960 - 0.05%
1959 - 0.03%
1958 - -0.02%
1957 - 0.32%
1956 - 1.33%
1955 - 0.73%
1954 - 0.22%
1953 - 0.43%
1952 - 1.73%
1951 - 1.17%
1950 - 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2024, Cameroon's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $789M, equivalent to 1.48% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $9.38B, or 3.61% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Cameroon recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 12 years. On average, Cameroon posted an annual deficit equal to 0.04% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.27% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cameroon

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cameroon New Zealand
2024 4.53% 2.92%
2023 7.38% 5.73%
2022 6.25% 7.17%
2021 2.27% 3.94%
2020 2.44% 1.71%
2019 2.45% 1.62%
2018 1.07% 1.6%
2017 0.64% 1.85%
2016 0.87% 0.65%
2015 2.68% 0.29%
2014 1.85% 1.23%
2013 2.05% 1.13%
2012 2.74% 1.06%
2011 2.94% 4.03%
2010 1.28% 2.3%
2009 3.04% 2.12%
2008 5.34% 3.96%
2007 0.92% 2.38%
2006 5.12% 3.37%
2005 2.01% 3.04%
2004 0.23% 2.29%
2003 0.62% 1.75%
2002 2.83% 2.68%
2001 4.42% 2.63%
2000 1.23% 2.62%
1999 1.87% -0.11%
1998 3.17% 1.27%
1997 4.79% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Cameroon has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.75%, compared with 2.37% in New Zealand. In 2024, inflation was 4.53% in Cameroon and 2.92% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Cameroon
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $34M
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $25.1M
Machinery & equipment $705K
Transport & tourism services $400K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $336K
Raw materials & minerals $230K
Metals $124K
Textiles & consumer goods $35K
Wood & paper products $33K
Chemicals & pharma $5K

Balance of trade

Cameroon New Zealand
Current account balance
-$2.02B
2023
-$12.1B
2024
Current account balance ranking
144/190
2023
178/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.14%
2023
-4.65%
2024
Goods imports
$7.74B
2023
$47.3B
2024
Goods exports
$6.34B
2023
$43.3B
2024
Service imports
$2.55B
2023
$19.5B
2024
Service exports
$2.01B
2023
$18.9B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
26.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
15.7%
2024
24.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cameroon New Zealand
Economic freedom 52 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 151/197 13/197
Property rights 28.1 85.4
Government integrity 21 90
Judicial effectiveness 10.1 95.9
Tax burden 72.2 66.1
Government spending 91.4 48
Fiscal health 94.5 72.2
Business freedom 48.6 89.1
Labor freedom 45.6 68.6
Monetary freedom 75.3 77.4
Trade freedom 57.2 90.6
Investment freedom 30 70
Financial freedom 50 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cameroon
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cameroon New Zealand
2026 52 77.8
2025 52.1 78.1
2024 53.6 77.8
2023 51.9 78.9
2022 52.9 80.6
2021 53.4 83.9
2020 53.6 84.1
2019 52.4 84.4
2018 51.9 84.2
2017 51.8 83.7
2016 54.2 81.6
2015 51.9 82.1
2014 52.6 81.2
2013 52.3 81.4
2012 51.8 82.1
2011 51.8 82.3
2010 52.3 82.1
2009 53 82
2008 54.3 80.7
2007 55.6 81.4
2006 54.6 82
2005 53 82.3
2004 52.3 81.5
2003 52.7 81.1
2002 52.8 80.7
2001 53.3 81.1
2000 49.9 80.9
1999 50.3 81.7
1998 48 79.2
1997 44.6 79
1996 45.7 78.1
1995 51.3 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cameroon is 52, ranking 151/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cameroon New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
50.7%
2024
67.4%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
19.6%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
18.5%
2024
4.57%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$49.5B
2024
$252B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$5,490
2024
$53,600
2024
Total reserves including gold
$4.88B
2023
$22.1B
2024
Total reserves ranking
103/177
2023
59/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$901M
2023
-$878M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$888M
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$63.4M
2024
$882M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.2%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2021
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.9%
2024
22.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cameroon/new-zealand | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.