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Economy of Kazakhstan vs Uganda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Kazakhstan has a GDP of $288B compared to $53.7B for Uganda, ranking 50/197 and 89/197 by economy size, respectively.

Kazakhstan has $71.5B in government debt (25.4% of GDP), compared to $27.8B (54% of GDP) in Uganda.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Kazakhstan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Uganda
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Kazakhstan Uganda
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $423,145,605 -
1961 - - $441,667,335 -
1962 - - $449,158,233 -
1963 - - $516,315,231 -
1964 - - $589,247,687 -
1965 - - $884,502,310 -
1966 - - $925,381,492 -
1967 - - $967,240,655 -
1968 - - $1,037,379,252 -
1969 - - $1,168,556,629 -
1970 - - $1,259,554,809 -
1971 - - $1,417,191,656 -
1972 - - $1,490,970,181 -
1973 - - $1,701,829,789 -
1974 - - $2,098,944,967 -
1975 - - $2,359,555,556 -
1976 - - $2,447,300,000 -
1977 - - $2,936,470,588 -
1978 - - $2,420,260,870 -
1979 - - $2,139,025,000 -
1980 - - $1,244,610,000 -
1981 - - $1,337,300,000 -
1982 - - $2,177,500,000 $4,983,495,459
1983 - - $2,240,333,333 $5,269,775,231
1984 - - $3,615,647,477 $5,251,611,545
1985 - - $3,519,695,444 $5,077,973,311
1986 - - $3,923,244,050 $5,097,781,822
1987 - - $6,269,522,042 $5,299,750,982
1988 - - $6,508,931,652 $5,737,885,293
1989 - - $5,276,480,799 $6,102,926,184
1990 $26,932,016,270 $95,326,487,410 $4,304,399,310 $6,498,038,179
1991 $24,923,076,923 $84,840,573,793 $3,321,729,160 $6,858,945,425
1992 $24,917,355,372 $80,344,023,383 $2,857,457,762 $7,093,408,658
1993 $23,409,260,880 $72,952,373,230 $3,220,439,044 $7,684,026,613
1994 $21,250,792,886 $63,760,374,204 $3,990,430,447 $8,176,083,687
1995 $20,374,302,652 $58,532,023,519 $5,755,818,842 $9,118,233,745
1996 $21,035,357,937 $58,824,683,638 $6,044,585,327 $9,945,450,358
1997 $22,165,932,063 $59,824,703,259 $6,269,333,313 $10,452,668,512
1998 $22,135,245,507 $58,688,033,898 $6,584,815,847 $10,965,399,652
1999 $16,870,817,182 $60,272,610,812 $5,998,563,258 $11,848,547,280
2000 $18,291,990,662 $66,179,326,673 $6,193,246,837 $12,220,817,656
2001 $22,152,689,180 $75,113,535,772 $5,840,503,869 $12,854,303,430
2002 $24,636,598,527 $82,474,662,278 $6,178,563,591 $13,976,829,356
2003 $30,833,692,900 $90,144,805,870 $6,606,884,275 $14,881,585,674
2004 $43,151,647,003 $98,798,707,234 $7,939,487,548 $15,894,609,936
2005 $57,123,671,734 $108,382,181,835 $9,239,221,763 $16,901,146,461
2006 $81,003,864,630 $119,979,075,292 $9,977,647,683 $18,723,891,905
2007 $104,849,915,058 $130,657,212,993 $11,902,564,495 $20,299,025,449
2008 $133,441,648,852 $134,968,901,022 $14,440,404,132 $22,066,817,214
2009 $115,308,686,941 $136,588,527,833 $25,127,805,567 $23,567,695,615
2010 $148,047,348,241 $146,559,490,370 $26,673,441,431 $24,896,350,765
2011 $192,626,464,617 $157,404,892,659 $27,871,725,241 $27,234,530,260
2012 $207,998,568,866 $164,960,327,499 $27,305,915,911 $28,279,643,268
2013 $236,634,603,409 $174,857,947,144 $28,915,786,517 $29,294,007,440
2014 $221,415,613,595 $182,201,980,934 $32,612,397,257 $30,789,849,488
2015 $184,388,404,706 $184,388,404,706 $32,387,183,730 $32,387,183,730
2016 $137,278,320,084 $186,416,677,156 $29,203,988,696 $33,935,615,079
2017 $166,805,788,827 $194,059,760,924 $30,744,473,841 $34,998,276,802
2018 $179,339,977,690 $202,016,211,109 $32,927,025,620 $37,204,541,497
2019 $181,667,184,855 $211,106,940,611 $35,353,061,008 $39,600,047,064
2020 $171,082,365,861 $205,829,267,103 $37,600,368,240 $40,768,765,796
2021 $197,112,255,361 $214,679,925,583 $40,529,788,744 $42,210,585,953
2022 $225,496,328,925 $221,549,683,201 $45,565,333,216 $44,147,216,890
2023 $261,840,101,060 $232,848,717,044 $48,768,955,859 $46,503,341,915
2024 $288,406,138,231 $244,025,455,462 $53,651,874,314 $49,356,997,179

Economic indicators

Kazakhstan Uganda
Gross domestic product
$288B
2024
$53.7B
2024
GDP rank
50/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP growth
10.1%
2023-2024
10%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$14,005
2024
$1,073
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
173/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$40,813
2024
$3,276
2024
Government debt
$71.5B
2024
$27.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
54%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,474
2024
$556
2024
Government debt per person rank
96/185
2024
162/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,117
2025
$1,648
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$62.8B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
44,307
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2021
34.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
4.3%
2021
2.4%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2025
21.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
11.4%
2024-2025
3.8%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
16.5%
2025
9.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
4.86%
2022
3.42%
2021
Population
21036432
52490669

GDP per capita in Kazakhstan vs Uganda

Kazakhstan's GDP per capita is $14,005, ranking 72/197, compared to $1,073 in Uganda, ranking 173/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Kazakhstan ranks 58th at $40,813, while Uganda ranks 175th at $3,276.

Kazakhstan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uganda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Kazakhstan Uganda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $55.4 -
1961 - - $56.2 -
1962 - - $55.5 -
1963 - - $62 -
1964 - - $68.6 -
1965 - - $100 -
1966 - - $101.4 -
1967 - - $102.8 -
1968 - - $106.9 -
1969 - - $116.7 -
1970 - - $122 -
1971 - - $133.5 -
1972 - - $137 -
1973 - - $152.7 -
1974 - - $183.7 -
1975 - - $201.2 -
1976 - - $203.3 -
1977 - - $237.6 -
1978 - - $190.7 -
1979 - - $164.5 -
1980 - - $93.8 -
1981 - - $98.6 -
1982 - - $157 -
1983 - - $157.5 -
1984 - - $247.5 -
1985 - - $234.3 -
1986 - - $253.6 -
1987 - - $393 -
1988 - - $395 -
1989 - - $310 -
1990 $1,570 $7,874 $245 $666
1991 $1,442 $7,193 $183 $703
1992 $1,438 $6,945 $152.1 $719
1993 $1,355 $6,477 $165.6 $770
1994 $1,247 $5,860 $198.4 $809
1995 $1,218 $5,595 $278.5 $897
1996 $1,281 $5,836 $284.7 $969
1997 $1,382 $6,178 $286.8 $1,007
1998 $1,415 $6,284 $292.5 $1,037
1999 $1,092 $6,626 $257.9 $1,100
2000 $1,180 $7,418 $258.1 $1,124
2001 $1,422 $8,568 $236 $1,173
2002 $1,574 $9,504 $242 $1,255
2003 $1,958 $10,532 $250.7 $1,320
2004 $2,722 $11,777 $292.4 $1,405
2005 $3,577 $13,226 $330 $1,497
2006 $5,030 $14,966 $347 $1,660
2007 $6,449 $16,581 $401 $1,795
2008 $8,124 $17,278 $473 $1,931
2009 $6,938 $17,389 $799 $2,015
2010 $8,793 $18,642 $823 $2,092
2011 $11,287 $20,160 $836 $2,268
2012 $12,019 $21,367 $795 $2,032
2013 $13,478 $23,754 $818 $2,045
2014 $12,428 $23,958 $896 $2,134
2015 $10,196 $22,484 $863 $2,190
2016 $7,476 $23,023 $753 $2,165
2017 $8,943 $23,973 $765 $2,158
2018 $9,472 $25,096 $792 $2,312
2019 $9,457 $28,689 $822 $2,441
2020 $8,782 $29,040 $846 $2,532
2021 $9,984 $32,946 $883 $2,685
2022 $11,255 $35,895 $963 $2,919
2023 $12,879 $38,515 $1,002 $3,098
2024 $14,005 $40,813 $1,073 $3,276

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Kazakhstan's government spending was $60.7B, accounting for 20.6% of its GDP, while Uganda's spent $11B, or 21.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 25.4% in Kazakhstan and 54% in Uganda, ranking 169/185 and 100/185, respectively.

Kazakhstan
Government spending

Government debt
Uganda
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Kazakhstan Uganda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1997 - - 13.9% 44.2%
1998 - - 14% 45.1%
1999 - - 14.7% 47.7%
2000 - - 15.2% 48.5%
2001 - - 16.2% 51.4%
2002 20.5% 17.6% 16.8% 54.7%
2003 21.4% 15% 16.5% 55.1%
2004 21.3% 11.4% 15.6% 49%
2005 22% 8.1% 14.5% 42.6%
2006 19.8% 6.68% 13.7% 27.8%
2007 23.7% 4.09% 13.2% 17%
2008 27.1% 6.77% 12.9% 15.7%
2009 23.5% 10.2% 11.8% 14.8%
2010 22.5% 10.7% 15.4% 18.4%
2011 21.2% 10.2% 13.2% 18%
2012 21.9% 12.1% 13.1% 19.5%
2013 19.8% 12.6% 13.3% 22.1%
2014 21.3% 14.5% 13.6% 24.8%
2015 22.9% 21.9% 14.9% 28%
2016 21.5% 19.7% 15.2% 31.3%
2017 24.1% 19.9% 16.3% 33.6%
2018 18.8% 20.3% 16.2% 34.9%
2019 20.2% 19.9% 18.3% 37.5%
2020 24.5% 26.4% 21.4% 46.3%
2021 22.1% 25.1% 21.4% 50.3%
2022 21.7% 23.5% 20.2% 50.2%
2023 23.4% 23% 19% 50.2%
2024 21% 24.8% 20.5% 51.8%
2025 20.6% 25.4% 21.4% 54%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Kazakhstan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$4.68B, equivalent to -1.62% of GDP. This compares to Uganda's deficit of -$3.14B, or -5.85% of GDP.

Over the past 23 years, Kazakhstan recorded a fiscal deficit in 9 of those years, while Uganda ran a deficit in 22 years. On average, Kazakhstan posted an annual surplus equal to +0.83% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.12% of GDP for Uganda.

Deficit/surplus
Kazakhstan

Uganda
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Kazakhstan Uganda
1997 - -0.83%
1998 - -0.7%
1999 - -1.24%
2000 - -0.62%
2001 - -0.99%
2002 1.92% -2.07%
2003 4% -0.97%
2004 3.29% 0.34%
2005 6.08% -0.17%
2006 7.65% -0.64%
2007 5.13% -0.82%
2008 1.23% -1.99%
2009 -1.33% -1.61%
2010 1.47% -4.64%
2011 5.81% -2.04%
2012 4.43% -2.39%
2013 4.95% -3.19%
2014 2.48% -2.74%
2015 -6.26% -2.59%
2016 -4.5% -2.64%
2017 -4.27% -3.83%
2018 2.58% -3.02%
2019 -0.57% -4.82%
2020 -7.04% -7.76%
2021 -4.97% -7.44%
2022 0.11% -5.96%
2023 -1.52% -4.86%
2024 -1.62% -5.85%
2025 -3.15% -6.7%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 30 years, Kazakhstan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 10.1%, compared with 6.05% in Uganda. In 2025, inflation was 11.4% in Kazakhstan and 3.8% in Uganda.

Inflation
Kazakhstan

Uganda
Year Inflation
Kazakhstan Uganda Kazakhstan Uganda
1996 39.2% 7.5%
1997 17.4% 7.7%
1998 7.1% 5.8%
1999 8.3% 5.8%
2000 13.2% 3.4%
2001 8.4% 1.9%
2002 6% -0.3%
2003 6.4% 8.7%
2004 7% 3.7%
2005 7.4% 8.6%
2006 8.6% 7.2%
2007 10.8% 6.1%
2008 17.2% 12%
2009 7.3% 13%
2010 7.1% 4%
2011 8.4% 18.7%
2012 5.1% 14%
2013 5.8% 5.5%
2014 6.6% 4.3%
2015 6.8% 3.7%
2016 14.6% 5.2%
2017 7.5% 5.6%
2018 6% 2.5%
2019 5.3% 2.1%
2020 6.8% 2.8%
2021 8% 2.2%
2022 15% 7.2%
2023 14.5% 5.4%
2024 8.7% 3.3%
2025 11.4% 3.8%

Top exports between countries

Kazakhstan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $110K
Textiles & consumer goods $15K
Metals $6K
Raw materials & minerals $6K
Precious metals & jewellery $3K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Uganda
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $2K
Machinery & equipment $1K
Raw agricultural goods $1K

Balance of trade

Kazakhstan Uganda
Current account balance
-$4.98B
2024
-$4.2B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/189
2024
161/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.73%
2024
-7.83%
2024
Goods imports
$61.2B
2024
$11.7B
2024
Goods exports
$78.8B
2024
$8.67B
2024
Service imports
$13B
2024
$4.31B
2024
Service exports
$11.8B
2024
$2.39B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.5%
2023
24.6%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.5%
2023
16.9%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Kazakhstan Uganda
Economic freedom 63.8 51.3
Economic freedom ranking 74/197 154/197
Property rights 54.7 47.4
Government integrity 39.9 24.1
Judicial effectiveness 34.8 29.2
Tax burden 91.7 73.6
Government spending 85.1 87.7
Fiscal health 91.8 35.5
Business freedom 69.3 50.3
Labor freedom 63.2 54.8
Monetary freedom 61.3 75.1
Trade freedom 73.2 57.4
Investment freedom 50 40
Financial freedom 50 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Kazakhstan is 63.8, ranking 74/197, compared to 51.3 for Uganda, ranking 154/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Kazakhstan
Uganda
Year Economic freedom index
Kazakhstan Uganda
1995 - 62.9
1996 - 66.2
1997 - 66.6
1998 41.7 64.7
1999 47.3 64.8
2000 50.4 58.2
2001 51.8 60.4
2002 52.4 61
2003 52.3 60.1
2004 49.7 64.1
2005 53.9 62.9
2006 60.2 63.9
2007 59.6 63.1
2008 61.1 63.8
2009 60.1 63.5
2010 61 62.2
2011 62.1 61.7
2012 63.6 61.9
2013 63 61.1
2014 63.7 59.9
2015 63.3 59.7
2016 63.6 59.3
2017 69 60.9
2018 69.1 62
2019 65.4 59.7
2020 69.6 59.5
2021 71.1 58.6
2022 64.4 54.2
2023 62.1 51.4
2024 62 50.7
2025 63.8 51.3

More economic indicators

Kazakhstan Uganda
Services, % of GDP
58.2%
2024
43.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2024
24.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.94%
2024
24.7%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$250B
2024
$50.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$37,870
2024
$3,200
2024
Total reserves including gold
$45.8B
2024
$3.36B
2018
Total reserves ranking
43/177
2024
114/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.21B
2024
-$3.3B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$682M
2024
$3.3B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.89B
2024
$400K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
19%
2023
4.99%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
5%
2024
20.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.8%
2023
22.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.