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Economy of Brazil vs Uganda compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.19T compared to $53.9B for Uganda, ranking 10/197 and 89/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.91T in government debt (87.3% of GDP), compared to $27.8B (51.5% of GDP) in Uganda.

Brazil vs Uganda GDP by year

Brazil
Uganda
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Uganda
2024 $2,185,821,648,944 $53,911,907,086
2023 $2,191,131,869,706 $48,768,955,863
2022 $1,951,923,832,084 $45,565,333,211
2021 $1,670,647,464,063 $40,529,788,749
2020 $1,476,107,292,152 $37,600,368,242
2019 $1,873,288,158,839 $35,353,061,003
2018 $1,916,933,708,353 $32,927,025,620
2017 $2,063,514,688,806 $30,744,473,841
2016 $1,795,693,265,999 $29,203,988,696
2015 $1,802,211,999,456 $32,387,183,730
2014 $2,456,043,766,032 $32,612,397,257
2013 $2,472,819,362,044 $28,915,786,517
2012 $2,465,228,293,707 $27,305,915,911
2011 $2,616,156,606,579 $27,871,725,241
2010 $2,208,838,108,484 $26,673,441,431
2009 $1,666,996,294,252 $25,127,805,567
2008 $1,695,855,391,758 $14,440,404,132
2007 $1,397,114,247,189 $11,902,564,495
2006 $1,107,626,711,163 $9,977,647,683
2005 $891,633,826,625 $9,239,221,763
2004 $669,289,321,945 $7,939,487,548
2003 $558,233,724,165 $6,606,884,275
2002 $509,795,270,685 $6,178,563,591
2001 $559,983,704,094 $5,840,503,869
2000 $655,448,188,259 $6,193,246,837
1999 $599,642,075,004 $5,998,563,258
1998 $863,711,007,325 $6,584,815,847
1997 $883,206,452,795 $6,269,333,313
1996 $850,426,433,004 $6,044,585,327
1995 $769,333,330,412 $5,755,818,842
1994 $525,369,851,354 $3,990,430,447
1993 $368,295,778,245 $3,220,439,044
1992 $328,187,960,872 $2,857,457,762
1991 $342,609,231,343 $3,321,729,160
1990 $390,725,626,003 $4,304,399,310
1989 $412,990,820,287 $5,276,480,799
1988 $307,881,930,752 $6,508,931,652
1987 $283,056,836,894 $6,269,522,042
1986 $256,480,852,471 $3,923,244,050
1985 $210,879,844,639 $3,519,695,444
1984 $188,339,974,087 $3,615,647,477
1983 $189,656,506,321 $2,240,333,333
1982 $271,314,113,768 $2,177,500,000
1981 $258,015,174,749 $1,337,300,000
1980 $237,393,489,893 $1,244,610,000
1979 $221,338,204,480 $2,139,025,000
1978 $200,278,646,124 $2,420,260,870
1977 $176,344,101,402 $2,936,470,588
1976 $153,168,949,208 $2,447,300,000
1975 $129,203,555,239 $2,359,555,556
1974 $109,794,519,728 $2,098,944,967
1973 $83,592,275,863 $1,701,829,789
1972 $58,434,858,375 $1,490,970,181
1971 $48,869,830,902 $1,417,191,656
1970 $42,327,664,794 $1,259,554,809
1969 $37,171,640,819 $1,168,556,629
1968 $33,930,457,425 $1,037,379,252
1967 $31,086,389,195 $967,240,655
1966 $28,283,323,733 $925,381,492
1965 $22,465,522,884 $884,502,310
1964 $20,963,733,695 $589,247,687
1963 $23,287,712,878 $516,315,231
1962 $19,231,747,852 $449,158,233
1961 $17,275,940,449 $441,667,335
1960 $17,030,465,539 $423,145,605

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Uganda by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Uganda
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Uganda
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $1,078 $3,273
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $1,002 $3,098
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $963 $2,919
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $883 $2,685
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $846 $2,532
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $822 $2,441
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $792 $2,312
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $765 $2,158
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $753 $2,165
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $863 $2,190
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $896 $2,134
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $818 $2,045
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $795 $2,032
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $836 $2,268
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $823 $2,092
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $799 $2,015
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $473 $1,931
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $401 $1,795
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $347 $1,660
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $330 $1,497
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $292.4 $1,405
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $250.7 $1,320
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $242 $1,255
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $236 $1,173
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $258.1 $1,124
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $257.9 $1,100
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $292.5 $1,037
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $286.8 $1,007
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $284.7 $969
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $278.5 $897
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $198.4 $809
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $165.6 $770
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $152.1 $719
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $183 $703
1990 $2,620 $6,688 $245 $666
1989 $2,819 - $310 -
1988 $2,141 - $395 -
1987 $2,006 - $393 -
1986 $1,854 - $253.6 -
1985 $1,556 - $234.3 -
1984 $1,420 - $247.5 -
1983 $1,461 - $157.5 -
1982 $2,138 - $157 -
1981 $2,080 - $98.6 -
1980 $1,959 - $93.8 -
1979 $1,870 - $164.5 -
1978 $1,733 - $190.7 -
1977 $1,562 - $237.6 -
1976 $1,390 - $203.3 -
1975 $1,201 - $201.2 -
1974 $1,045 - $183.7 -
1973 $815 - $152.7 -
1972 $583 - $137 -
1971 $500 - $133.5 -
1970 $444 - $122 -
1969 $399 - $116.7 -
1968 $374 - $106.9 -
1967 $351 - $102.8 -
1966 $328 - $101.4 -
1965 $268 - $100 -
1964 $257.3 - $68.6 -
1963 $294.2 - $62 -
1962 $250.2 - $55.5 -
1961 $231.6 - $56.2 -
1960 $235.3 - $55.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,311, ranking 85/197, compared to $1,078 in Uganda, ranking 176/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Uganda ranks 176th at $3,273.

Economic indicators

Brazil Uganda
Gross domestic product
$2.19T
2024
$53.9B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
89/197
2024
GDP growth
3.42%
2023-2024
6.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,311
2024
$1,078
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
176/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$3,273
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
176/197
2024
Government debt
$1.91T
2024
$27.8B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
87.3%
2024
51.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$8,999
2024
$555
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
163/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,263
2026
$1,466
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
433,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
34.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.4%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
45.7%
2024
18.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
4.4%
2023-2024
3.3%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
9.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
3.42%
2021
Population
213824938
53170946

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Uganda
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Uganda
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 45.7% 87.3% 18.7% 51.5%
2023 45.3% 84% 19.3% 50.5%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 19.5% 50.2%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 22% 50.3%
2020 46.2% 96% 21.4% 46.3%
2019 43% 87.1% 18.3% 37.5%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 16.2% 34.9%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 16.3% 33.6%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 15.2% 31.3%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 14.9% 28%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 13.6% 24.8%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 13.3% 22.1%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 13.1% 19.5%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 13.2% 18%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 15.4% 18.4%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 11.8% 14.8%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 12.9% 15.7%
2007 40.4% 63% 13.2% 17%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 13.7% 27.8%
2005 41.9% 67% 14.5% 42.6%
2004 39.7% 68% 15.6% 49%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 16.5% 55.1%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 16.8% 54.7%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 16.2% 51.4%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 15.2% 48.5%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 14.7% 47.7%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 14% 45.1%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 13.9% 44.2%
1996 38.2% 30.7% - -
1995 - 28% - -
1994 - 30% - -
1993 - 32.6% - -
1992 - 37.1% - -
1991 - 38.1% - -
1990 - 40.6% - -
1989 - 40.2% - -
1988 - 46.9% - -
1987 - 50.3% - -
1986 11.7% 49.4% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $998B, accounting for 45.7% of its GDP, while Uganda spent $10.1B, or 18.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 87.3% in Brazil and 51.5% in Uganda, ranking 38/185 and 103/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Uganda
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Uganda
2024 -6.19% -3.99%
2023 -7.71% -4.87%
2022 -3.96% -5.45%
2021 -2.63% -7.76%
2020 -11.6% -7.76%
2019 -4.86% -4.82%
2018 -6.99% -3.02%
2017 -7.97% -3.83%
2016 -7.99% -2.64%
2015 -9.28% -2.59%
2014 -6.27% -2.74%
2013 -3.42% -3.19%
2012 -2.35% -2.39%
2011 -2.74% -2.04%
2010 -3.55% -4.64%
2009 -4.23% -1.61%
2008 -2.39% -1.99%
2007 -2.66% -0.82%
2006 -4.87% -0.64%
2005 -3.36% -0.17%
2004 -2.95% 0.34%
2003 -5.4% -0.97%
2002 -4.15% -2.07%
2001 -3.47% -0.99%
2000 -3.32% -0.62%
1999 -5.17% -1.24%
1998 -7.22% -0.7%
1997 -5.6% -0.83%
1996 -5.35% -
1995 - -
1994 - -
1993 - -
1992 - -
1991 - -
1990 - -
1989 - -
1988 - -
1987 - -
1986 -1.6% -
1985 -1.3% -
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -
1981 1% -
1980 2.5% -
1979 0.4% -
1978 -0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1976 0.1% -
1975 0% -
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -
1969 -0.6% -
1968 -1.6% -
1967 -2.1% -
1966 -1.3% -
1965 -2% -
1964 -8.79% -
1963 -5.78% -
1962 -6.82% -
1961 -2.93% -
1960 -3.85% -
1959 -0.18% -
1958 -0.76% -
1957 -0.29% -
1956 -0.14% -
1955 -0.62% -
1954 -0.49% -
1953 -1.26% -
1952 0.64% -
1951 0.87% -
1950 -1.58% -
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $135B, equivalent to 6.19% of GDP. This compares to Uganda's deficit of $2.15B, or 3.99% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while Uganda ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 5.08% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.64% of GDP for Uganda.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Uganda
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Uganda
2024 4.4% 3.3%
2023 4.6% 5.4%
2022 9.3% 7.2%
2021 8.3% 2.2%
2020 3.2% 2.8%
2019 3.7% 2.1%
2018 3.7% 2.5%
2017 3.4% 5.6%
2016 8.7% 5.2%
2015 9% 3.7%
2014 6.3% 4.3%
2013 6.2% 5.5%
2012 5.4% 14%
2011 6.6% 18.7%
2010 5% 4%
2009 4.9% 13%
2008 5.7% 12%
2007 3.6% 6.1%
2006 4.2% 7.2%
2005 6.9% 8.6%
2004 6.6% 3.7%
2003 14.7% 8.7%
2002 8.4% -0.3%
2001 6.8% 1.9%
2000 7% 3.4%
1999 4.9% 5.8%
1998 3.2% 5.8%
1997 6.9% 7.7%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.13%, compared with 6.08% in Uganda. In 2024, inflation was 4.4% in Brazil and 3.3% in Uganda.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $6.01M
Wood & paper products $1.74M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.59M
Chemicals & pharma $832K
Raw agricultural goods $686K
Metals $229K
Raw materials & minerals $208K
Animal & marine products $160K
Textiles & consumer goods $67K
Miscellaneous $2K
Uganda
Export category Export value
Metals $28K
Machinery & equipment $13K
Raw agricultural goods $5K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2K

Balance of trade

Brazil Uganda
Current account balance
-$66.2B
2024
-$4.29B
2024
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2024
164/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.03%
2024
-7.96%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$11.7B
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$8.67B
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$4.38B
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$2.39B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.6%
2024
25.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
16.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Uganda
Economic freedom 52.4 52.4
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 149/197
Property rights 49.2 42.2
Government integrity 37.2 25.1
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 29.4
Tax burden 70.6 73.4
Government spending 39.8 89
Fiscal health 28 58.3
Business freedom 65.7 50.2
Labor freedom 57 55.9
Monetary freedom 76 77.1
Trade freedom 69 58
Investment freedom 40 30
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Uganda
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Uganda
2026 52.4 52.4
2025 55.1 51.3
2024 53.2 50.7
2023 53.5 51.4
2022 53.3 54.2
2021 53.4 58.6
2020 53.7 59.5
2019 51.9 59.7
2018 51.4 62
2017 52.9 60.9
2016 56.5 59.3
2015 56.6 59.7
2014 56.9 59.9
2013 57.7 61.1
2012 57.9 61.9
2011 56.3 61.7
2010 55.6 62.2
2009 56.7 63.5
2008 56.2 63.8
2007 56.2 63.1
2006 60.9 63.9
2005 61.7 62.9
2004 62 64.1
2003 63.4 60.1
2002 61.5 61
2001 61.9 60.4
2000 61.1 58.2
1999 61.3 64.8
1998 52.3 64.7
1997 52.6 66.6
1996 48.1 66.2
1995 51.4 62.9

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 52.4 for Uganda, ranking 149/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Uganda
Services, % of GDP
59.2%
2024
43.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
24.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.75%
2024
24.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$50.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,590
2024
$3,190
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$3.36B
2018
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
114/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.8B
2024
-$3.26B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$3.26B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$400K
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
2.96%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
20.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17%
2024
22.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/uganda | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.