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Economy of Niger vs Zambia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Niger has a GDP of $19.5B compared to $26.3B for Zambia, ranking 132/197 and 115/197 by economy size, respectively.

Niger has $9.22B in government debt (43.4% of GDP), compared to $30.3B (99% of GDP) in Zambia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Niger
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Zambia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Niger Zambia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $449,526,873 $2,602,180,353 $698,739,721 $3,745,698,444
1961 $485,785,231 $2,720,485,699 $682,359,727 $3,796,691,708
1962 $531,736,599 $3,000,116,630 $679,279,729 $3,702,122,212
1963 $586,294,879 $3,282,974,506 $704,339,719 $3,823,270,197
1964 $582,816,396 $3,287,276,512 $822,639,671 $4,290,246,254
1965 $673,383,511 $3,514,748,217 $1,061,199,576 $5,004,463,110
1966 $702,296,079 $3,501,304,403 $1,238,999,505 $4,725,699,011
1967 $665,586,872 $3,505,606,409 $1,340,639,464 $5,099,960,030
1968 $641,214,226 $3,519,050,223 $1,573,739,371 $5,163,624,360
1969 $625,867,985 $3,325,997,034 $1,926,399,230 $5,141,063,669
1970 $649,916,621 $3,427,632,151 $1,788,779,285 $5,387,686,297
1971 $693,573,704 $3,622,298,371 $1,653,259,341 $5,383,050,756
1972 $742,779,661 $3,435,160,574 $1,872,416,680 $5,878,768,641
1973 $946,385,105 $2,849,548,704 $2,434,255,237 $5,822,212,020
1974 $1,026,137,111 $3,099,603,386 $2,910,981,262 $6,196,473,040
1975 $1,048,690,933 $3,013,025,468 $2,442,672,141 $6,055,854,685
1976 $1,064,517,601 $3,033,459,909 $2,742,859,263 $6,432,587,907
1977 $1,291,458,041 $3,268,995,364 $2,515,296,940 $6,138,989,403
1978 $1,774,365,590 $3,709,414,437 $2,811,032,473 $6,172,984,907
1979 $2,109,277,666 $3,974,526,141 $3,353,445,378 $5,986,318,100
1980 $2,508,524,721 $3,876,950,088 $3,884,530,854 $6,168,040,111
1981 $2,170,893,414 $3,870,062,063 $4,008,126,497 $6,548,482,198
1982 $2,017,612,216 $3,954,215,023 $3,871,117,093 $6,364,287,628
1983 $1,803,099,561 $3,801,438,868 $3,321,048,451 $6,239,121,864
1984 $1,461,243,326 $3,162,043,119 $2,719,518,933 $6,218,106,324
1985 $1,440,581,652 $3,406,093,637 $2,252,454,500 $6,318,548,040
1986 $1,904,096,998 $3,622,453,381 $1,664,413,508 $6,364,287,628
1987 $2,233,006,105 $3,625,651,332 $2,265,250,972 $6,534,574,435
1988 $2,280,356,193 $3,874,775,279 $3,728,878,149 $6,944,994,654
1989 $2,179,567,114 $3,911,858,659 $3,994,673,161 $6,873,912,510
1990 $3,512,356,508 $3,860,672,838 $3,288,381,797 $6,840,844,039
1991 $3,285,796,875 $3,843,705,602 $3,376,806,697 $6,838,372,211
1992 $3,386,232,579 $3,920,608,632 $3,182,810,841 $6,720,005,310
1993 $3,052,673,849 $3,933,219,485 $3,273,505,344 $7,176,782,487
1994 $1,938,058,175 $4,006,172,006 $3,656,806,166 $6,557,753,280
1995 $2,302,537,562 $4,104,613,432 $3,806,983,413 $6,747,775,257
1996 $2,405,686,940 $4,108,739,820 $3,597,220,962 $7,167,388,798
1997 $2,290,318,910 $4,171,499,823 $4,303,288,480 $7,440,753,544
1998 $2,643,363,519 $4,587,507,438 $3,537,741,942 $7,412,051,124
1999 $2,537,789,821 $4,577,434,991 $3,404,284,891 $7,756,725,565
2000 $2,241,753,193 $4,522,117,709 $3,600,632,111 $8,059,030,210
2001 $2,448,714,704 $4,850,791,324 $4,094,441,301 $8,487,518,231
2002 $2,782,192,879 $5,089,376,068 $4,193,850,445 $8,869,967,014
2003 $3,394,084,732 $5,199,846,593 $4,901,869,764 $9,485,983,916
2004 $3,760,443,738 $5,218,763,717 $6,221,110,219 $10,153,075,785
2005 $4,383,315,965 $5,601,396,628 $8,331,870,169 $10,887,711,636
2006 $4,756,361,252 $5,933,618,262 $12,756,858,899 $11,748,243,096
2007 $5,731,485,052 $6,120,095,512 $14,056,957,976 $12,729,507,610
2008 $7,297,600,226 $6,593,265,447 $17,910,858,638 $13,719,086,270
2009 $7,352,131,310 $6,722,664,934 $15,328,342,304 $14,984,033,822
2010 $7,851,192,502 $7,299,346,342 $20,265,559,484 $16,527,123,088
2011 $8,772,950,778 $7,471,447,187 $23,459,515,276 $17,447,560,253
2012 $9,426,912,648 $8,259,606,009 $25,503,060,420 $18,773,117,889
2013 $10,224,897,438 $8,698,614,859 $28,037,239,463 $19,722,575,263
2014 $10,862,943,544 $9,276,388,745 $27,141,023,558 $20,648,211,567
2015 $9,683,867,926 $9,683,867,926 $21,251,216,799 $21,251,216,799
2016 $10,398,861,982 $10,239,808,437 $20,958,412,538 $22,049,221,308
2017 $11,185,104,252 $10,752,347,793 $25,873,601,261 $22,826,646,594
2018 $12,837,307,497 $11,527,744,540 $26,311,507,274 $23,747,586,257
2019 $12,889,555,561 $12,212,475,571 $23,308,667,781 $24,089,861,649
2020 $13,744,653,103 $12,646,096,747 $18,137,764,931 $23,418,945,737
2021 $14,915,002,436 $12,821,067,681 $22,096,416,932 $24,879,098,748
2022 $15,433,852,714 $14,346,774,736 $29,163,782,140 $26,175,604,214
2023 $16,698,786,973 $14,586,026,438 $27,577,956,471 $27,580,695,690
2024 $19,537,639,288 $15,814,402,934 $26,325,775,287 $28,695,824,119

Economic indicators

Niger Zambia
Gross domestic product
$19.5B
2024
$26.3B
2024
GDP rank
132/197
2024
115/197
2024
GDP growth
17%
2023-2024
-4.54%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$723
2024
$1,235
2024
GDP per capita rank
187/197
2024
169/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,015
2024
$4,224
2024
Government debt
$9.22B
2024
$30.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.4%
2025
99%
2025
Government debt per person
$341
2024
$1,420
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
132/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,379
2025
$1,168
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$7.77B
2024
Income share by richest 10%
27.8%
2021
39.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2021
1.5%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
13.4%
2025
27.3%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
9.07%
2023-2024
14.2%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
14.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
0.4%
2022
5.86%
2023
Population
28638403
22402291

GDP per capita in Niger vs Zambia

Niger's GDP per capita is $723, ranking 187/197, compared to $1,235 in Zambia, ranking 169/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Niger ranks 186th at $2,015, while Zambia ranks 164th at $4,224.

Niger
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Zambia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Niger Zambia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $128.3 - $221.6 -
1961 $134.6 - $209.7 -
1962 $143.2 - $202.3 -
1963 $153.3 - $203.2 -
1964 $148.1 - $230 -
1965 $166.3 - $287.4 -
1966 $168.6 - $325 -
1967 $155.4 - $341 -
1968 $145.6 - $387 -
1969 $138.3 - $459 -
1970 $139.8 - $414 -
1971 $145.2 - $372 -
1972 $151.4 - $410 -
1973 $187.9 - $518 -
1974 $198.3 - $601 -
1975 $197.2 - $490 -
1976 $194.8 - $533 -
1977 $229.8 - $474 -
1978 $307 - $514 -
1979 $354 - $595 -
1980 $409 - $669 -
1981 $343 - $670 -
1982 $310 - $627 -
1983 $268.8 - $520 -
1984 $211.5 - $413 -
1985 $202.4 - $332 -
1986 $259.6 - $238.2 -
1987 $295.3 - $315 -
1988 $292.6 - $504 -
1989 $271.3 - $526 -
1990 $424 $739 $422 $1,522
1991 $384 $738 $423 $1,534
1992 $384 $746 $389 $1,505
1993 $335 $742 $391 $1,607
1994 $206.2 $748 $426 $1,464
1995 $237 $757 $433 $1,501
1996 $239.5 $746 $400 $1,585
1997 $220.6 $745 $466 $1,631
1998 $246.1 $801 $373 $1,601
1999 $228.3 $783 $350 $1,654
2000 $194.8 $764 $359 $1,709
2001 $205.4 $809 $397 $1,785
2002 $225.3 $832 $394 $1,837
2003 $265.2 $837 $446 $1,942
2004 $283.5 $832 $549 $2,068
2005 $319 $888 $711 $2,213
2006 $333 $935 $1,052 $2,378
2007 $387 $955 $1,119 $2,555
2008 $475 $1,010 $1,376 $2,708
2009 $461 $999 $1,136 $2,872
2010 $474 $1,058 $1,451 $3,098
2011 $511 $1,064 $1,625 $3,228
2012 $529 $1,162 $1,710 $3,324
2013 $552 $1,138 $1,821 $3,477
2014 $565 $1,161 $1,707 $3,441
2015 $486 $1,172 $1,296 $3,337
2016 $503 $1,189 $1,239 $3,313
2017 $522 $1,208 $1,483 $3,392
2018 $579 $1,276 $1,464 $3,442
2019 $562 $1,419 $1,259 $3,361
2020 $580 $1,497 $952 $3,157
2021 $609 $1,586 $1,127 $3,503
2022 $610 $1,840 $1,447 $3,841
2023 $638 $1,875 $1,331 $4,077
2024 $723 $2,015 $1,235 $4,224

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Niger's government spending was $2.62B, accounting for 13.4% of its GDP, while Zambia's spent $6.71B, or 27.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.4% in Niger and 99% in Zambia, ranking 123/185 and 25/185, respectively.

Niger
Government spending

Government debt
Zambia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Niger Zambia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1995 12.5% 69.4% - -
1996 10.9% 63.5% - -
1997 12.9% 69.1% - -
1998 13.6% 61.3% - -
1999 15% 63.3% - -
2000 13.5% 82.1% 21.4% 261%
2001 13.7% 74% 28% 210.2%
2002 14.4% 69% 27.6% 180.2%
2003 14% 60.6% 27.3% 159.5%
2004 16.1% 55% 23.3% 129.9%
2005 15.6% 49.5% 22.5% 75.7%
2006 15.2% 18.3% 19.7% 25%
2007 17.4% 17.8% 19.9% 21.9%
2008 16.9% 14.2% 19.5% 19.2%
2009 17.7% 15.9% 17.8% 20.5%
2010 14.3% 15.1% 18.1% 18.9%
2011 15.3% 14.7% 19.5% 20.8%
2012 16.6% 18.1% 21.9% 24.9%
2013 20.4% 19.6% 24% 25.9%
2014 23.6% 22.1% 24.3% 33.9%
2015 24.2% 29.9% 27.6% 61.9%
2016 19.4% 32.8% 23.9% 61.2%
2017 19.5% 36.5% 25% 66.6%
2018 21.2% 37% 27.7% 81.2%
2019 21.6% 39.8% 29.8% 103.3%
2020 22.4% 45% 34% 140%
2021 24.3% 51.3% 30.5% 111%
2022 21.6% 50.6% 28.2% 99.5%
2023 15.8% 51.9% 27.4% 129.1%
2024 13.4% 47.2% 25.5% 114.9%
2025 13.4% 43.4% 27.3% 99%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Niger's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$834M, equivalent to -4.27% of GDP. This compares to Zambia's deficit of -$874M, or -3.32% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Niger recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Zambia ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Niger posted an annual deficit equal to -1.92% of GDP, compared to deficit of -4.15% of GDP for Zambia.

Deficit/surplus
Niger

Zambia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Niger Zambia
1995 -3.19% -
1996 -0.36% -
1997 -2.39% -
1998 -2.23% -
1999 -4.27% -
2000 -2.83% 1.16%
2001 -2.59% -5.89%
2002 -2.21% -4.5%
2003 -2.17% -5.31%
2004 -2.76% -2.51%
2005 -1.53% -2.37%
2006 31% 16.9%
2007 -0.75% -1.04%
2008 1.11% -0.67%
2009 -3.93% -2.06%
2010 -0.99% -2.43%
2011 -2.19% -1.78%
2012 -0.83% -3.16%
2013 -1.93% -6.4%
2014 -6.12% -5.43%
2015 -6.75% -8.88%
2016 -4.46% -5.69%
2017 -4.12% -7.5%
2018 -3.01% -8.31%
2019 -3.56% -9.41%
2020 -4.82% -13.8%
2021 -6.1% -8.13%
2022 -6.77% -7.82%
2023 -5.37% -5.48%
2024 -4.27% -3.32%
2025 -3.02% -4.92%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Niger has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.49%, compared with 15.2% in Zambia. In 2024, inflation was 9.07% in Niger and 14.2% in Zambia.

Inflation
Niger

Zambia
Year Inflation
Niger Zambia Niger Zambia
1996 5.29% 38.6%
1997 2.93% 21.4%
1998 4.55% 22.7%
1999 -2.3% 23.9%
2000 2.9% 24.1%
2001 4.01% 21.4%
2002 2.63% 22.2%
2003 -1.61% 21.4%
2004 0.26% 18%
2005 7.8% 18.3%
2006 0.04% 9%
2007 0.05% 10.7%
2008 11.3% 12.4%
2009 0.58% 13.4%
2010 0.8% 8.5%
2011 2.94% 8.7%
2012 0.46% 6.6%
2013 2.3% 7%
2014 -0.93% 7.8%
2015 -0.58% 10.1%
2016 1.65% 17.9%
2017 2.8% 6.6%
2018 2.97% 7.5%
2019 -2.49% 9.2%
2020 2.9% 15.7%
2021 3.84% 22%
2022 4.23% 11%
2023 3.7% 10.9%
2024 9.07% 15%
2025 - 14.2%

Top exports between countries

Niger
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $48K
Zambia
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $8K

Balance of trade

Niger Zambia
Current account balance
-$2.33B
2023
-$583M
2023
Current account balance ranking
145/189
2023
105/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-14%
2023
-2.11%
2023
Goods imports
$2.59B
2023
$9.15B
2023
Goods exports
$992M
2023
$10.5B
2023
Service imports
$1.22B
2023
$1.71B
2023
Service exports
$231M
2023
$933M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.8%
2024
37.4%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.2%
2024
40.8%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Niger Zambia
Economic freedom 51.5 50.9
Economic freedom ranking 151/197 162/197
Property rights 29.6 45.8
Government integrity 31.8 36.7
Judicial effectiveness 37.1 45.3
Tax burden 77.9 74.7
Government spending 87.3 75
Fiscal health 34.4 0
Business freedom 33.8 45.9
Labor freedom 54 48.7
Monetary freedom 72.6 68.2
Trade freedom 64 65.8
Investment freedom 55 55
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Niger is 51.5, ranking 151/197, compared to 50.9 for Zambia, ranking 162/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Niger
Zambia
Year Economic freedom index
Niger Zambia
1995 - 55.1
1996 45.8 59.6
1997 46.6 62.1
1998 47.5 62.7
1999 48.6 64.2
2000 45.9 62.8
2001 48.9 59.5
2002 48.2 59.6
2003 54.2 55.3
2004 54.6 54.9
2005 54.1 55
2006 52.5 56.8
2007 53.2 56.2
2008 52.9 56.2
2009 53.8 56.6
2010 52.9 58
2011 54.3 59.7
2012 54.3 58.3
2013 53.9 58.7
2014 55.1 60.4
2015 54.6 58.7
2016 54.3 58.8
2017 50.8 55.8
2018 49.5 54.3
2019 51.6 53.6
2020 54.7 53.5
2021 57.3 50.4
2022 54.9 48.7
2023 53.7 47.8
2024 52.3 48.4
2025 51.5 50.9

More economic indicators

Niger Zambia
Services, % of GDP
45.4%
2024
55.1%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.8%
2024
37.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
33.8%
2024
1.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$17.9B
2024
$27B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,990
2024
$3,950
2024
Total reserves including gold n/a
$4.09B
2024
Total reserves ranking n/a
106/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2023
$31.1M
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$526M
2024
$1.24B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12.2M
2024
-$170M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.16%
2023
3.61%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
41.2%
2021
60%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
31.4%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.