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Economy of Brunei vs Tanzania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brunei has a GDP of $15.5B compared to $78.8B for Tanzania, ranking 142/197 and 82/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brunei has $354M in government debt (2.21% of GDP), compared to $38B (47.1% of GDP) in Tanzania.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brunei
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Tanzania
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brunei Tanzania
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $2,651,729,807 $8,038,068,841
1961 - - $2,826,179,031 $8,129,565,885
1962 - - $3,101,589,993 $8,869,091,957
1963 - - $3,456,579,293 $9,424,297,385
1964 - - $3,748,840,925 $9,943,685,370
1965 $114,039,501 - $3,817,226,546 $10,377,699,461
1966 $132,757,528 - $4,377,998,825 $11,586,045,114
1967 $139,029,537 - $4,565,132,048 $12,225,972,344
1968 $160,818,236 - $4,895,251,824 $12,994,443,432
1969 $161,210,236 - $5,142,066,811 $13,418,275,377
1970 $179,078,929 - $2,851,419,386 $7,187,762,856
1971 $197,525,768 - $3,050,673,517 $7,468,190,604
1972 $270,822,782 - $3,472,787,266 $7,999,575,904
1973 $433,095,527 - $4,144,104,535 $8,494,906,638
1974 $2,319,576,214 $9,912,272,228 $4,977,337,978 $8,674,437,207
1975 $2,496,420,258 $9,848,309,170 $5,729,917,840 $9,020,497,425
1976 $3,054,765,590 $11,904,058,997 $6,472,511,988 $9,318,716,167
1977 $3,681,242,528 $13,086,612,366 $7,732,598,995 $9,323,337,584
1978 $4,100,423,674 $14,005,179,258 $9,261,675,710 $9,517,636,648
1979 $6,044,367,628 $17,413,814,223 $9,804,637,491 $9,755,594,117
1980 $10,795,432,294 $15,723,288,076 $11,409,228,087 $10,022,700,328
1981 $9,367,218,664 $12,203,657,713 $13,161,540,378 $9,924,596,037
1982 $8,932,198,186 $12,484,528,554 $13,927,383,240 $9,888,107,300
1983 $7,927,590,750 $12,534,388,934 $14,049,883,809 $9,849,382,581
1984 $7,632,788,075 $12,236,497,439 $12,906,635,133 $10,309,641,477
1985 $6,967,623,884 $11,880,752,592 $15,328,295,175 $10,437,986,617
1986 $4,190,280,003 $11,238,334,124 $10,840,864,521 $11,011,628,451
1987 $4,918,010,080 $11,472,489,786 $7,824,193,222 $11,539,803,391
1988 $4,535,130,305 $11,296,288,038 $7,406,614,407 $12,377,066,378
1989 $4,983,622,881 $10,988,327,005 $6,418,799,007 $12,842,994,038
1990 $6,039,881,087 $11,278,756,571 $6,184,384,225 $13,747,792,169
1991 $6,284,497,300 $11,607,042,399 $7,197,768,159 $14,032,644,802
1992 $6,327,966,445 $11,244,830,849 $6,681,997,469 $14,114,640,651
1993 $6,203,339,925 $11,173,577,998 $6,182,872,708 $14,284,835,103
1994 $6,467,782,521 $11,284,501,978 $6,550,480,484 $14,508,773,001
1995 $7,700,144,057 $11,436,537,377 $7,631,431,840 $15,026,723,410
1996 $7,663,377,277 $11,433,413,458 $9,433,528,150 $15,709,592,840
1997 $7,793,034,390 $12,158,742,942 $11,158,197,942 $16,263,399,690
1998 $5,550,846,025 $11,349,316,036 $12,172,790,056 $16,866,529,754
1999 $6,309,070,375 $11,832,878,892 $12,704,334,196 $17,686,894,781
2000 $6,570,999,060 $12,244,033,124 $13,371,767,082 $18,486,481,203
2001 $6,096,155,748 $12,423,538,059 $13,563,990,022 $19,608,760,036
2002 $6,333,082,879 $12,915,688,955 $14,129,651,896 $20,999,647,619
2003 $7,167,725,265 $13,378,513,489 $15,211,487,709 $22,400,909,970
2004 $8,619,178,799 $13,392,499,179 $16,673,062,473 $24,081,832,736
2005 $10,547,202,612 $13,391,973,498 $18,395,383,647 $25,882,267,435
2006 $12,644,616,446 $13,940,831,828 $18,619,859,795 $27,572,954,444
2007 $13,432,029,496 $13,416,151,409 $21,860,434,823 $29,439,239,572
2008 $15,926,456,492 $12,892,826,139 $27,947,821,398 $31,113,277,454
2009 $11,912,904,529 $12,647,829,712 $29,400,573,554 $32,752,668,790
2010 $13,707,121,031 $12,994,552,805 $32,012,892,919 $34,828,049,321
2011 $18,524,791,071 $13,481,121,671 $34,657,140,096 $37,500,111,399
2012 $19,048,443,340 $13,604,222,555 $39,650,394,363 $39,187,673,998
2013 $18,094,148,099 $13,315,162,321 $45,648,857,242 $41,845,219,655
2014 $17,097,797,372 $12,981,233,068 $49,986,726,461 $44,662,433,112
2015 $12,930,296,852 $12,930,296,852 $47,413,919,817 $47,413,919,817
2016 $11,400,266,055 $12,609,894,730 $49,774,409,374 $50,669,888,784
2017 $12,128,168,047 $12,777,445,744 $53,274,884,533 $54,096,327,105
2018 $13,566,908,401 $12,784,137,427 $57,003,712,892 $57,054,358,530
2019 $13,469,235,348 $13,278,735,782 $61,026,731,926 $60,363,511,325
2020 $12,005,799,664 $13,429,260,000 $66,068,737,786 $61,565,931,105
2021 $14,006,496,614 $13,215,632,370 $70,655,628,148 $64,226,431,583
2022 $16,681,536,443 $13,000,438,060 $75,769,974,505 $67,159,014,151
2023 $15,095,084,686 $13,147,036,745 $79,062,403,837 $70,563,656,178
2024 $15,463,134,387 $13,699,261,291 $78,779,864,877 $74,463,225,268

Economic indicators

Brunei Tanzania
Gross domestic product
$15.5B
2024
$78.8B
2024
GDP rank
142/197
2024
82/197
2024
GDP growth
2.44%
2023-2024
-0.36%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$33,418
2024
$1,149
2024
GDP per capita rank
35/197
2024
170/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$90,007
2024
$4,221
2024
Government debt
$354M
2024
$38B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
2.21%
2025
47.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$765
2024
$554
2024
Government debt per person rank
151/185
2024
163/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$22,191
2025
$2,745
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$7.32B
2024
Number of billionaires n/a
1
2025
Income share by richest 10% n/a
33.1%
2018
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30%
2025
19.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
-0.39%
2023-2024
3.06%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
6%
2024
Unemployment rate
5.3%
2023
1.79%
2020
Population
469088
72166806

GDP per capita in Brunei vs Tanzania

Brunei's GDP per capita is $33,418, ranking 35/197, compared to $1,149 in Tanzania, ranking 170/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brunei ranks 9th at $90,007, while Tanzania ranks 165th at $4,221.

Brunei
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tanzania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brunei Tanzania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $267.8 -
1961 - - $277.4 -
1962 - - $295.7 -
1963 - - $320 -
1964 - - $337 -
1965 $1,029 - $333 -
1966 $1,146 - $370 -
1967 $1,149 - $374 -
1968 $1,274 - $388 -
1969 $1,226 - $394 -
1970 $1,325 - $211.3 -
1971 $1,432 - $218.4 -
1972 $1,905 - $239.8 -
1973 $2,939 - $276.1 -
1974 $15,195 - $320 -
1975 $15,793 - $355 -
1976 $18,671 - $387 -
1977 $21,747 - $446 -
1978 $23,447 - $515 -
1979 $33,501 - $527 -
1980 $58,005 - $595 -
1981 $48,793 - $665 -
1982 $45,075 - $683 -
1983 $38,720 - $667 -
1984 $36,061 - $593 -
1985 $31,827 - $681 -
1986 $18,501 - $466 -
1987 $21,030 - $326 -
1988 $18,825 - $299 -
1989 $20,090 - $252.3 -
1990 $23,659 $70,201 $236.9 $925
1991 $23,932 $72,610 $268.8 $952
1992 $23,451 $70,016 $243.4 $955
1993 $22,397 $69,387 $218.2 $959
1994 $22,767 $69,779 $222.5 $958
1995 $26,443 $70,440 $251.2 $981
1996 $25,692 $70,008 $305 $1,026
1997 $25,522 $73,980 $353 $1,059
1998 $17,769 $68,257 $375 $1,082
1999 $19,752 $70,585 $382 $1,120
2000 $20,130 $73,087 $390 $1,164
2001 $18,288 $74,254 $385 $1,229
2002 $18,621 $76,838 $391 $1,302
2003 $20,678 $79,632 $410 $1,379
2004 $24,423 $80,404 $438 $1,482
2005 $29,386 $81,534 $469 $1,598
2006 $34,675 $86,114 $462 $1,707
2007 $36,217 $83,693 $528 $1,820
2008 $42,157 $80,477 $657 $1,908
2009 $30,946 $77,957 $674 $1,972
2010 $34,938 $79,543 $715 $2,069
2011 $46,383 $82,735 $753 $2,211
2012 $46,969 $87,256 $837 $2,083
2013 $44,003 $83,237 $935 $2,176
2014 $41,027 $81,226 $993 $2,221
2015 $30,625 $62,708 $911 $2,317
2016 $26,663 $56,680 $925 $2,435
2017 $28,024 $61,658 $957 $2,472
2018 $30,988 $65,149 $992 $2,728
2019 $30,427 $69,354 $1,031 $2,982
2020 $26,834 $69,788 $1,084 $3,291
2021 $31,007 $78,249 $1,125 $3,493
2022 $36,633 $81,802 $1,171 $3,800
2023 $32,891 $85,033 $1,187 $4,019
2024 $33,418 $90,007 $1,149 $4,221

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brunei's government spending was $4.6B, accounting for 30% of its GDP, while Tanzania's spent $14.8B, or 19.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 2.21% in Brunei and 47.1% in Tanzania, ranking 185/185 and 115/185, respectively.

Brunei
Government spending

Government debt
Tanzania
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brunei Tanzania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1990 28.2% 0% - -
1991 27.1% 0% 14.2% 106.5%
1992 30.1% 0% 17.6% 117.6%
1993 33.5% 0% 16.4% 129.2%
1994 41.6% 0% 16.8% 126%
1995 38.8% 0% 15.6% 111.1%
1996 32.6% 0% 13.4% 89.6%
1997 34.4% 0% 12.8% 73.4%
1998 40.1% 0% 11.4% 62.2%
1999 39% 0% 12.8% 62.9%
2000 37.5% 0% 12.3% 55.4%
2001 35.5% 0% 12.4% 50.8%
2002 41.4% 0% 13.6% 47.4%
2003 30.9% 0% 15.4% 44.4%
2004 33.2% 0% 17% 44.5%
2005 29.1% 0% 18.3% 46.1%
2006 28% 0.59% 17.6% 34.5%
2007 29.3% 0.68% 17.8% 23.8%
2008 27.2% 0.94% 18.1% 21.7%
2009 34.8% 1.11% 19.6% 24%
2010 36.2% 1.11% 19.8% 27.6%
2011 29.7% 2.13% 19% 28.4%
2012 31% 2.1% 19.6% 30%
2013 33.6% 2.21% 18.8% 32.7%
2014 34.1% 3.23% 17.3% 36.4%
2015 38.7% 2.95% 17.2% 39.5%
2016 39.4% 3% 16.9% 39.8%
2017 36.6% 2.83% 16.4% 40.1%
2018 32.2% 2.59% 17.3% 42%
2019 32.4% 2.58% 17.3% 40.4%
2020 33.2% 2.86% 17.4% 41.3%
2021 29.3% 2.51% 18.4% 43.4%
2022 26.4% 2.06% 19.1% 44.9%
2023 29.4% 2.33% 18.8% 47.4%
2024 29.8% 2.29% 18.8% 48.2%
2025 30% 2.21% 19.2% 47.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brunei's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$1.57B, equivalent to -10.2% of GDP. This compares to Tanzania's deficit of -$2.38B, or -3.03% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Brunei recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Tanzania ran a deficit in 31 years. On average, Brunei posted an annual deficit equal to -1.26% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.3% of GDP for Tanzania.

Deficit/surplus
Brunei

Tanzania
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brunei Tanzania
1990 -1.44% -
1991 -0.94% 0.6%
1992 -7.31% -4.96%
1993 -11.3% -2.02%
1994 -19.9% -3.74%
1995 -17.5% -2.12%
1996 -7.69% 1.57%
1997 -10.4% -0.03%
1998 -21.2% 0.13%
1999 -16.1% -1.14%
2000 6.86% -0.73%
2001 2.59% -0.41%
2002 -4.61% -0.73%
2003 8.06% -1.77%
2004 8.57% -2.43%
2005 16% -3.28%
2006 19.8% -3.38%
2007 3.12% -1.44%
2008 36.1% -1.92%
2009 3.61% -4.46%
2010 7.61% -4.74%
2011 25.6% -3.51%
2012 15.8% -4%
2013 13% -3.76%
2014 3.58% -2.91%
2015 -14.5% -3.17%
2016 -21.7% -2.08%
2017 -10.4% -1.14%
2018 -3.59% -2.01%
2019 -3.69% -2.06%
2020 -15.8% -2.56%
2021 -8.16% -3.55%
2022 2.53% -3.92%
2023 -10.9% -3.63%
2024 -10.2% -3.03%
2025 -10.3% -2.89%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Brunei has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 0.55%, compared with 7.45% in Tanzania. In 2024, inflation was -0.39% in Brunei and 3.06% in Tanzania.

Inflation
Brunei

Tanzania
Year Inflation
Brunei Tanzania Brunei Tanzania
1996 2% 21%
1997 1.71% 16.1%
1998 -0.44% 12.8%
1999 -0.42% 7.89%
2000 1.56% 5.92%
2001 0.6% 5.15%
2002 -2.31% 5.32%
2003 0.3% 5.3%
2004 0.81% 4.74%
2005 1.24% 5.03%
2006 0.16% 7.25%
2007 0.97% 7.03%
2008 2.08% 10.3%
2009 1.04% 12.1%
2010 0.36% 6.2%
2011 0.14% 12.7%
2012 0.11% 16%
2013 0.39% 7.87%
2014 -0.21% 6.13%
2015 -0.49% 5.59%
2016 -0.28% 5.17%
2017 -1.26% 5.32%
2018 1.03% 3.49%
2019 -0.39% 3.46%
2020 1.94% 3.29%
2021 1.73% 3.69%
2022 3.68% 4.35%
2023 0.36% 3.8%
2024 -0.39% 3.06%

Top exports between countries

Brunei
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $49K
Metals $23K
Tanzania
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Brunei Tanzania
Current account balance
$2.23B
2024
-$2.96B
2023
Current account balance ranking
43/189
2024
154/189
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
+14.4%
2024
-3.74%
2023
Goods imports
$7.36B
2024
$13.7B
2023
Goods exports
$11.1B
2024
$7.7B
2023
Service imports
$1.75B
2024
$2.33B
2023
Service exports
$410M
2024
$6.28B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
58.9%
2024
21.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
74.3%
2024
19.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brunei Tanzania
Economic freedom 67 59.3
Economic freedom ranking 52/197 102/197
Property rights 69.7 46.7
Government integrity 34.2 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 52.8 30.4
Tax burden 95 80.4
Government spending 75.9 89.4
Fiscal health 51.7 74.3
Business freedom 77.1 48.9
Labor freedom 75.1 62.1
Monetary freedom 72.8 72.5
Trade freedom 84.8 61.8
Investment freedom 65 55
Financial freedom 50 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brunei is 67, ranking 52/197, compared to 59.3 for Tanzania, ranking 102/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brunei
Tanzania
Year Economic freedom index
Brunei Tanzania
1995 - 57.3
1996 - 57.5
1997 - 59.3
1998 - 59.6
1999 - 60
2000 - 56
2001 - 54.9
2002 - 58.3
2003 - 56.9
2004 - 60.1
2005 - 56.3
2006 - 58.5
2007 - 56.8
2008 - 56.5
2009 - 58.3
2010 - 58.3
2011 - 57
2012 - 57
2013 - 57.9
2014 69 57.8
2015 68.9 57.5
2016 67.3 58.5
2017 69.8 58.6
2018 64.2 59.9
2019 65.1 60.2
2020 66.6 61.7
2021 66.6 61.3
2022 64.8 59.5
2023 65.7 60
2024 65.9 59.1
2025 67 59.3

More economic indicators

Brunei Tanzania
Services, % of GDP
38.7%
2024
28.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
61.7%
2024
28.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.18%
2024
23.4%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$16.7B
2024
$80B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$92,860
2024
$4,120
2024
Total reserves including gold
$4.41B
2024
$5.05B
2018
Total reserves ranking
105/177
2024
101/177
2018
Net foreign direct investment
-$29.1M
2024
-$1.63B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$29.1M
2024
$1.72B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$17.5M
2006
$2.26M
2003
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
n/a
2.89%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines n/a
26.4%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
28.4%
2024
39.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.