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Economy of Colombia vs Israel compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Colombia has a GDP of $419B compared to $540B for Israel, ranking 39/197 and 29/197 by economy size, respectively.

Colombia has $256B in government debt (61.2% of GDP), compared to $366B (67.6% of GDP) in Israel.

Colombia vs Israel GDP by year

Colombia
Israel
1x
Year GDP, current $
Colombia Israel
2024 $418,818,154,879 $540,379,921,262
2023 $366,291,836,138 $512,184,638,999
2022 $345,632,492,851 $525,181,008,026
2021 $318,524,633,225 $489,851,549,972
2020 $270,348,342,541 $410,768,352,658
2019 $323,031,701,193 $400,645,216,359
2018 $334,198,218,098 $376,299,083,108
2017 $311,866,875,157 $358,451,839,053
2016 $282,720,100,286 $321,940,971,558
2015 $293,492,370,193 $303,469,434,072
2014 $381,240,864,422 $315,017,088,117
2013 $382,093,697,078 $298,478,070,673
2012 $370,691,143,018 $263,589,172,712
2011 $334,966,134,805 $268,094,998,225
2010 $286,498,534,095 $239,679,036,634
2009 $232,468,663,110 $213,403,181,853
2008 $242,504,150,473 $221,231,658,863
2007 $206,229,540,926 $184,681,214,673
2006 $161,792,958,905 $158,900,547,825
2005 $145,600,529,606 $147,519,922,009
2004 $117,092,416,666 $140,047,984,605
2003 $94,644,969,157 $131,408,914,824
2002 $97,945,812,803 $125,332,331,884
2001 $98,200,641,203 $135,002,039,613
2000 $99,875,074,951 $136,512,300,542
1999 $86,186,158,685 $121,417,185,062
1998 $98,443,739,941 $120,547,409,279
1997 $106,659,508,271 $119,459,826,347
1996 $97,160,109,278 $115,116,595,545
1995 $92,507,279,383 $105,497,418,059
1994 $81,703,500,846 $90,740,103,829
1993 $66,446,804,803 $79,855,877,174
1992 $58,418,985,443 $79,457,685,757
1991 $49,175,565,911 $70,998,755,007
1990 $47,844,090,710 $62,016,729,541
1989 $39,540,080,200 $52,443,479,454
1988 $39,212,550,050 $52,650,948,910
1987 $36,373,307,085 $43,049,543,635
1986 $34,942,489,684 $35,834,154,874
1985 $34,894,411,352 $28,905,736,367
1984 $38,253,120,738 $30,645,607,293
1983 $38,729,822,782 $32,675,755,462
1982 $38,968,039,722 $29,255,285,401
1981 $36,388,366,869 $26,882,009,819
1980 $33,400,735,644 $25,395,256,478
1979 $27,940,411,250 $22,609,741,060
1978 $23,263,511,958 $17,701,286,907
1977 $19,470,960,619 $18,257,113,904
1976 $15,341,403,660 $15,956,349,550
1975 $13,098,633,902 $16,141,767,373
1974 $12,370,029,584 $17,172,607,138
1973 $10,315,760,000 $11,902,574,259
1972 $8,671,358,733 $9,222,557,539
1971 $7,820,380,971 $7,052,544,000
1970 $7,198,360,460 $7,406,712,876
1969 $6,450,175,214 $6,297,852,761
1968 $5,960,212,869 $5,458,427,928
1967 $5,825,170,438 $4,762,386,783
1966 $5,428,518,519 $4,703,300,098
1965 $5,760,761,905 $4,329,084,429
1964 $5,973,366,667 $4,024,344,853
1963 $4,836,166,667 $3,535,949,089
1962 $4,955,543,963 $2,966,154,031
1961 $4,540,447,761 $3,708,586,471
1960 $4,031,152,977 $3,070,585,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

GDP per capita in Colombia vs Israel by year

Colombia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Colombia Israel
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $7,919 $22,349 $54,177 $57,236
2023 $7,001 $21,246 $52,004 $55,171
2022 $6,680 $20,854 $54,950 $53,619
2021 $6,223 $17,383 $52,271 $46,162
2020 $5,340 $15,519 $44,576 $40,955
2019 $6,473 $16,182 $44,251 $41,325
2018 $6,817 $15,239 $42,363 $40,190
2017 $6,480 $14,401 $41,138 $39,471
2016 $5,960 $14,027 $37,672 $38,189
2015 $6,249 $13,332 $36,213 $35,871
2014 $8,187 $13,355 $38,343 $34,816
2013 $8,279 $12,780 $37,034 $34,827
2012 $8,109 $12,093 $33,321 $32,484
2011 $7,401 $11,707 $34,523 $31,314
2010 $6,398 $10,841 $31,439 $29,456
2009 $5,251 $10,367 $28,508 $28,087
2008 $5,542 $10,307 $30,269 $28,084
2007 $4,770 $9,909 $25,721 $28,307
2006 $3,790 $9,154 $22,527 $26,385
2005 $3,456 $8,432 $21,287 $25,701
2004 $2,819 $7,909 $20,568 $26,078
2003 $2,312 $7,420 $19,643 $24,702
2002 $2,429 $7,109 $19,076 $26,101
2001 $2,473 $6,935 $20,966 $25,806
2000 $2,555 $6,776 $21,707 $25,766
1999 $2,241 $6,544 $19,823 $23,415
1998 $2,605 $6,854 $20,189 $22,927
1997 $2,873 $6,861 $20,469 $22,279
1996 $2,665 $6,639 $20,224 $21,672
1995 $2,584 $6,506 $19,026 $20,642
1994 $2,326 $6,174 $16,807 $19,478
1993 $1,929 $5,826 $15,179 $18,218
1992 $1,730 $5,509 $15,510 $17,553
1991 $1,486 $5,281 $14,346 $16,486
1990 $1,475 $5,109 $13,308 $15,721
1989 $1,244 - $11,608 -
1988 $1,260 - $11,853 -
1987 $1,193 - $9,853 -
1986 $1,169 - $8,335 -
1985 $1,192 - $6,829 -
1984 $1,336 - $7,369 -
1983 $1,384 - $7,960 -
1982 $1,425 - $7,258 -
1981 $1,362 - $6,795 -
1980 $1,280 - $6,549 -
1979 $1,095 - $5,972 -
1978 $932 - $4,797 -
1977 $798 - $5,053 -
1976 $643 - $4,516 -
1975 $561 - $4,672 -
1974 $542 - $5,085 -
1973 $462 - $3,631 -
1972 $397 - $2,930 -
1971 $367 - $2,298 -
1970 $346 - $2,490 -
1969 $318 - $2,189 -
1968 $302 - $1,947 -
1967 $303 - $1,735 -
1966 $290.3 - $1,789 -
1965 $317 - $1,689 -
1964 $339 - $1,626 -
1963 $282.6 - $1,486 -
1962 $298.5 - $1,294 -
1961 $282.1 - $1,697 -
1960 $258.3 - $1,452 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

Colombia's GDP per capita is $7,919, ranking 94/197, compared to $54,177 in Israel, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Colombia ranks 87th at $22,349, while Israel ranks 36th at $57,236.

Economic indicators

Colombia Israel
Gross domestic product
$419B
2024
$540B
2024
GDP rank
39/197
2024
29/197
2024
GDP growth
1.6%
2023-2024
0.87%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,919
2024
$54,177
2024
GDP per capita rank
94/197
2024
21/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,349
2024
$57,236
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
87/197
2024
36/197
2024
Government debt
$256B
2024
$366B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
61.2%
2024
67.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,849
2024
$36,645
2024
Government debt per person rank
82/185
2024
18/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,722
2026
$43,003
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$72.6B
2024
$331B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
179,905
2025
Number of billionaires
4
2025
41
2025
Income share by richest 10%
42.7%
2023
26.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.1%
2023
2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
34.6%
2024
43.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
6.61%
2023-2024
3.07%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
9.25%
2025
4.5%
2024
Unemployment rate
9.62%
2024
2.9%
2024
Population
54105437
10290887

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Colombia
Spending

Debt
Israel
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Colombia Israel
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 34.6% 61.2% 43.8% 67.6%
2023 35.1% 55.5% 39.3% 61.3%
2022 34.1% 61.3% 36.9% 60.3%
2021 34.5% 64.4% 40% 67.7%
2020 33.7% 65.3% 44.8% 71.1%
2019 32.9% 51% 38.7% 59.3%
2018 34.7% 51.8% 39.2% 60.1%
2017 29.3% 49.4% 38.3% 59.8%
2016 30% 49.9% 37.9% 61.7%
2015 31.3% 50.4% 37.6% 62.8%
2014 31.3% 43.3% 38.3% 64.9%
2013 30% 37.6% 39.7% 66%
2012 29.1% 34% 39.6% 66.9%
2011 30.2% 35.8% 39.3% 67.2%
2010 30.4% 36.5% 39.7% 69%
2009 30.9% 35.4% 41.4% 72.6%
2008 28.4% 32.4% 41.2% 70.2%
2007 28.2% 32.7% 40.2% 70.8%
2006 28.4% 36% 41.6% 77.7%
2005 25.9% 38.5% 42.3% 85.2%
2004 26.6% 41.5% 43% 88.3%
2003 28% 45% 45.4% 89.7%
2002 28.1% 47.5% 50% 87.2%
2001 27.5% 41.1% 46.1% 81.1%
2000 26.6% 38% 43.4% 77.2%
1999 28.2% 34% 53.6% 94.8%
1998 26.3% 27.4% 55% 101%
1997 26.2% 25.3% 52.6% 99.3%
1996 25.1% 23.3% 53.2% 100.3%
1995 22.2% 13.8% 52.8% 102.3%
1994 20.6% 12.5% 41.7% 110.2%
1993 20% 14.2% 42.2% 118.3%
1992 18.4% 16.1% 44.1% 119.6%
1991 17.7% 14.5% 34.4% 123.7%
1990 17.4% 16.7% 46.8% 138.3%
1989 10.3% 17.3% 47.5% 147.4%
1988 10.3% 17.9% 46.5% 145.4%
1987 9.7% 18.9% 52.8% 143.2%
1986 9.8% 20.2% 55.7% 162.5%
1985 10.5% 19.3% 65.2% 199%
1984 10.3% 15.5% - 284%
1983 10.2% 10.8% - 260.5%
1982 10.6% 8.8% 69.7% -
1981 9.9% 8.5% 71.8% -
1980 9.6% 8% 69.4% 154.3%
1979 8.6% 7.7% 70.1% 155.5%
1978 8.1% 7.6% 62.2% 133.6%
1977 7.7% 9.2% 69.1% 142%
1976 8% 12.2% 66.3% 97.4%
1975 9.4% 14.6% 62% 85.1%
1974 8.8% 15.9% - 79.8%
1973 9.4% 16.3% - 62.1%
1972 10.3% 16.9% - 63.9%
1971 10.3% 16.2% - -
1970 10% 16.7% 41.6% -
1969 9.2% 17% 41.1% -
1968 8.9% 16.2% 39.4% -
1967 8.2% 15.8% 33.9% -
1966 8% 15.3% 29.6% -
1965 7% 15.2% 27.8% -
1964 8.1% 13.1% 28.2% -
1963 8.6% 13.9% 26.9% -
1962 7.8% 14.8% 27.7% -
1961 8.6% 8.7% 30.3% -
1960 6.7% 7.2% 30.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Colombia's government spending was $145B, accounting for 34.6% of its GDP, while Israel spent $237B, or 43.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 61.2% in Colombia and 67.6% in Israel, ranking 75/185 and 62/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Colombia

Israel
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Colombia Israel
2024 -6.25% -8.26%
2023 -2.92% -5.06%
2022 -6.34% 0.32%
2021 -7.26% -3.37%
2020 -7.12% -10.7%
2019 -3.48% -3.79%
2018 -4.67% -3.56%
2017 -2.5% -1.13%
2016 -2.27% -1.79%
2015 -3.52% -1.21%
2014 -1.74% -2.29%
2013 -1.02% -4.06%
2012 0.15% -4.46%
2011 -1.99% -3.43%
2010 -3.3% -3.72%
2009 -2.67% -6.53%
2008 0.04% -3.5%
2007 -0.82% -0.43%
2006 -0.99% -0.95%
2005 -0.02% -2.74%
2004 -1.31% -3.4%
2003 -2.7% -5.03%
2002 -3.45% -8.22%
2001 -2.71% -4.06%
2000 -2.94% -0.8%
1999 -5.37% -6.26%
1998 -3.86% -7.99%
1997 -3.23% -4.84%
1996 -2.49% -5.97%
1995 -1% -4.28%
1994 -0.14% -5.62%
1993 -0.24% -5.62%
1992 -0.07% -8%
1991 0.35% -7.04%
1990 -0.41% -9.67%
1989 -1.4% -9.03%
1988 -1.3% -7.57%
1987 -0.4% -7.47%
1986 -1.4% -7.51%
1985 -2.4% -14.2%
1984 -3.3% -
1983 -3.1% -
1982 -3.6% -13.8%
1981 -2.8% -23.5%
1980 -2.2% -19.6%
1979 -0.7% -16.7%
1978 0.3% -14.7%
1977 0.5% -20.3%
1976 0.6% -19.4%
1975 -0.5% -19.6%
1974 -1.2% -
1973 -1.1% -
1972 -1.7% -
1971 -1% -
1970 -0.7% -16%
1969 -0.5% -15.3%
1968 0% -11.7%
1967 -0.2% -7.68%
1966 0.1% -4.35%
1965 -0.6% -2.72%
1964 -1.1% -3.65%
1963 -1.7% -4.41%
1962 -1.6% -4.09%
1961 -1.5% -5.86%
1960 1.2% -6.62%
1959 2% -7.23%
1958 1.7% -8.31%
1957 1.4% -7.17%
1956 -0.2% -9.3%
1955 0.7% -4.3%
1954 1.3% -7.84%
1953 1.3% -8.32%
1952 1.6% -7.19%
1951 2.1% -8.13%
1950 0.9% -10.7%
1949 0.5% -
1948 -0.1% -
1947 0.2% -
1946 -0.5% -
1945 0.1% -
1944 -0.2% -
1943 -0.7% -
1942 -1.5% -
1941 0% -
1940 -1.5% -
1939 0.8% -
1938 0.5% -
1937 1.4% -
1936 1.1% -
1935 1.3% -
1934 0.2% -
1933 -0.4% -
1932 -0.8% -
1931 -0.2% -
1930 0.3% -
1929 0.4% -
1928 -0.4% -
1927 -0.6% -
1926 0% -
1925 1% -
1924 0.5% -
1923 0.3% -
1922 -0.7% -
1921 -1.6% -
1920 0.4% -
1919 -0.8% -
1918 -2.1% -
1917 -0.5% -
1916 0.2% -
1915 -0.2% -
1914 -0.5% -
1913 0.5% -
1912 -0.3% -
1911 -0.1% -
1910 -0.3% -
1909 -3.3% -
1908 -2.7% -
1907 -2.7% -
1906 0.2% -
1905 -0.9% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1905–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Colombia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $26.2B, equivalent to 6.25% of GDP. This compares to Israel's deficit of $44.6B, or 8.26% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Colombia recorded a fiscal deficit in 56 of those years, while Israel ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Colombia posted an annual deficit equal to 1.87% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.34% of GDP for Israel.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Colombia

Israel
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Colombia Israel
2024 6.61% 3.07%
2023 11.7% 4.23%
2022 10.2% 4.41%
2021 3.5% 1.48%
2020 2.53% -0.58%
2019 3.52% 0.82%
2018 3.24% 0.81%
2017 4.31% 0.25%
2016 7.51% -0.54%
2015 4.99% -0.62%
2014 2.9% 0.47%
2013 2.02% 1.59%
2012 3.17% 1.68%
2011 3.42% 3.49%
2010 2.27% 2.7%
2009 4.2% 3.37%
2008 7% 4.53%
2007 5.54% 0.47%
2006 4.29% 2.05%
2005 5.05% 1.34%
2004 5.9% -0.42%
2003 7.13% 0.71%
2002 6.35% 5.8%
2001 7.97% 1.12%
2000 9.23% 1.03%
1999 10.9% 5.19%
1998 18.7% 5.49%
1997 18.5% 8.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Colombia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.52%, compared with 2.25% in Israel. In 2024, inflation was 6.61% in Colombia and 3.07% in Israel.

Top exports between countries

Colombia
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $225M
Raw agricultural goods $33.5M
Machinery & equipment $3.81M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.97M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.62M
Chemicals & pharma $2.56M
Wood & paper products $1.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $791K
Animal & marine products $85K
Metals $41K
Israel
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $48.1M
Machinery & equipment $44.9M
Raw materials & minerals $8.13M
Textiles & consumer goods $6.09M
Raw agricultural goods $1.88M
Metals $1.67M
Weapons & explosives $841K
Wood & paper products $296K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $245K
Precious metals & jewellery $190K

Balance of trade

Colombia Israel
Current account balance
-$6.88B
2024
$15.5B
2024
Current account balance ranking
172/190
2024
21/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.64%
2024
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$60.2B
2024
$96.3B
2024
Goods exports
$51.1B
2024
$70B
2024
Service imports
$18.5B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Service exports
$18.1B
2024
$83.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.9%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
16.1%
2024
28.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Colombia Israel
Economic freedom 59.8 68.4
Economic freedom ranking 101/197 47/197
Property rights 43.1 73.1
Government integrity 41.6 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 57.4 68.1
Tax burden 68.6 60.2
Government spending 64 52
Fiscal health 49.8 60.8
Business freedom 71.2 72.4
Labor freedom 59.1 56.8
Monetary freedom 71.9 78.2
Trade freedom 71.4 82.8
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Colombia
Israel
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Colombia Israel
2026 59.8 68.4
2025 59.8 69.9
2024 59.2 70.1
2023 63.1 68.9
2022 65.1 68
2021 68.1 73.8
2020 69.2 74
2019 67.3 72.8
2018 68.9 72.2
2017 69.7 69.7
2016 70.8 70.7
2015 71.7 70.5
2014 70.7 68.4
2013 69.6 66.9
2012 68 67.8
2011 68 68.5
2010 65.5 67.7
2009 62.3 67.6
2008 62.2 66.3
2007 59.9 64.8
2006 60.4 64.4
2005 59.6 62.6
2004 61.2 61.4
2003 64.2 62.7
2002 64.2 66.9
2001 65.6 66.1
2000 63.3 65.5
1999 65.3 68.3
1998 65.5 68
1997 66.4 62.7
1996 64.3 62
1995 64.5 61.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Colombia is 59.8, ranking 101/197, compared to 68.4 for Israel, ranking 47/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Colombia Israel
Services, % of GDP
58.1%
2024
72.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.1%
2024
17.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.28%
2024
1.28%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$372B
2024
$528B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,890
2024
$56,790
2024
Total reserves including gold
$61.9B
2024
$215B
2024
Total reserves ranking
38/177
2024
18/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$9.17B
2024
-$4.86B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.7B
2024
$14.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$4.51B
2024
$9.92B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
8.25%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
31.8%
2024
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.8%
2024
23.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/colombia/israel | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1905–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.