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Economy of Denmark vs Israel compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Denmark has a GDP of $425B compared to $540B for Israel, ranking 37/197 and 29/197 by economy size, respectively.

Denmark has $134B in government debt (31.5% of GDP), compared to $366B (67.6% of GDP) in Israel.

Denmark vs Israel GDP by year

Denmark
Israel
1x
Year GDP, current $
Denmark Israel
2024 $424,524,722,037 $540,379,921,262
2023 $404,651,706,118 $512,184,638,999
2022 $400,114,306,337 $525,181,008,026
2021 $406,110,162,088 $489,851,549,972
2020 $355,631,021,932 $410,768,352,658
2019 $345,401,473,013 $400,645,216,359
2018 $355,293,374,912 $376,299,083,108
2017 $331,610,593,962 $358,451,839,053
2016 $312,181,849,372 $321,940,971,558
2015 $301,758,922,338 $303,469,434,072
2014 $352,832,602,064 $315,017,088,117
2013 $344,631,016,965 $298,478,070,673
2012 $326,792,574,245 $263,589,172,712
2011 $344,315,595,263 $268,094,998,225
2010 $322,345,594,075 $239,679,036,634
2009 $322,619,152,195 $213,403,181,853
2008 $354,979,471,960 $221,231,658,863
2007 $320,213,157,595 $184,681,214,673
2006 $283,386,151,544 $158,900,547,825
2005 $265,150,087,712 $147,519,922,009
2004 $251,986,155,631 $140,047,984,605
2003 $218,421,193,436 $131,408,914,824
2002 $178,788,209,558 $125,332,331,884
2001 $164,881,594,415 $135,002,039,613
2000 $164,043,817,224 $136,512,300,542
1999 $177,887,720,536 $121,417,185,062
1998 $176,877,077,513 $120,547,409,279
1997 $173,241,365,735 $119,459,826,347
1996 $187,481,157,846 $115,116,595,545
1995 $184,848,481,008 $105,497,418,059
1994 $156,017,919,221 $90,740,103,829
1993 $143,111,306,004 $79,855,877,174
1992 $152,966,494,260 $79,457,685,757
1991 $139,180,507,778 $70,998,755,007
1990 $138,217,740,684 $62,016,729,541
1989 $112,312,200,761 $52,443,479,454
1988 $115,540,189,705 $52,650,948,910
1987 $109,183,446,340 $43,049,543,635
1986 $87,748,695,217 $35,834,154,874
1985 $62,452,421,011 $28,905,736,367
1984 $58,868,891,335 $30,645,607,293
1983 $60,331,158,447 $32,675,755,462
1982 $60,084,214,872 $29,255,285,401
1981 $61,459,941,461 $26,882,009,819
1980 $70,811,287,816 $25,395,256,478
1979 $70,393,030,603 $22,609,741,060
1978 $60,320,089,218 $17,701,286,907
1977 $49,711,709,588 $18,257,113,904
1976 $44,503,607,444 $15,956,349,550
1975 $40,418,967,666 $16,141,767,373
1974 $34,125,712,481 $17,172,607,138
1973 $30,718,181,337 $11,902,574,259
1972 $23,230,667,549 $9,222,557,539
1971 $19,086,192,720 $7,052,544,000
1970 $17,075,457,733 $7,406,712,876
1969 $15,414,902,667 $6,297,852,761
1968 $13,505,574,133 $5,458,427,928
1967 $13,059,064,806 $4,762,386,783
1966 $11,931,740,293 $4,703,300,098
1965 $10,870,670,865 $4,329,084,429
1964 $9,677,401,337 $4,024,344,853
1963 $8,466,044,980 $3,535,949,089
1962 $7,953,274,741 $2,966,154,031
1961 $7,058,361,229 $3,708,586,471
1960 $6,361,166,545 $3,070,585,807

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

GDP per capita in Denmark vs Israel by year

Denmark
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Denmark Israel
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $71,026 $81,878 $54,177 $57,236
2023 $68,044 $77,892 $52,004 $55,171
2022 $67,781 $78,914 $54,950 $53,619
2021 $69,341 $69,715 $52,271 $46,162
2020 $60,985 $62,682 $44,576 $40,955
2019 $59,404 $60,595 $44,251 $41,325
2018 $61,325 $57,234 $42,363 $40,190
2017 $57,522 $55,272 $41,138 $39,471
2016 $54,501 $51,821 $37,672 $38,189
2015 $53,094 $48,897 $36,213 $35,871
2014 $62,520 $47,880 $38,343 $34,816
2013 $61,378 $46,869 $37,034 $34,827
2012 $58,444 $44,755 $33,321 $32,484
2011 $61,810 $44,444 $34,523 $31,314
2010 $58,105 $43,038 $31,439 $29,456
2009 $58,413 $40,524 $28,508 $28,087
2008 $64,617 $41,467 $30,269 $28,084
2007 $58,632 $39,110 $25,721 $28,307
2006 $52,119 $37,392 $22,527 $26,385
2005 $48,926 $34,238 $21,287 $25,701
2004 $46,625 $33,016 $20,568 $26,078
2003 $40,519 $30,864 $19,643 $24,702
2002 $33,257 $30,667 $19,076 $26,101
2001 $30,768 $29,459 $20,966 $25,806
2000 $30,722 $28,648 $21,707 $25,766
1999 $33,426 $26,642 $19,823 $23,415
1998 $33,346 $25,799 $20,189 $22,927
1997 $32,780 $24,887 $20,469 $22,279
1996 $35,622 $23,723 $20,224 $21,672
1995 $35,321 $22,677 $19,026 $20,642
1994 $29,968 $21,669 $16,807 $19,478
1993 $27,582 $20,217 $15,179 $18,218
1992 $29,579 $19,830 $15,510 $17,553
1991 $27,003 $19,067 $14,346 $16,486
1990 $26,886 $18,225 $13,308 $15,721
1989 $21,882 - $11,608 -
1988 $22,525 - $11,853 -
1987 $21,296 - $9,853 -
1986 $17,137 - $8,335 -
1985 $12,213 - $6,829 -
1984 $11,517 - $7,369 -
1983 $11,797 - $7,960 -
1982 $11,740 - $7,258 -
1981 $12,000 - $6,795 -
1980 $13,822 - $6,549 -
1979 $13,757 - $5,972 -
1978 $11,818 - $4,797 -
1977 $9,770 - $5,053 -
1976 $8,773 - $4,516 -
1975 $7,988 - $4,672 -
1974 $6,764 - $5,085 -
1973 $6,117 - $3,631 -
1972 $4,654 - $2,930 -
1971 $3,846 - $2,298 -
1970 $3,464 - $2,490 -
1969 $3,151 - $2,189 -
1968 $2,776 - $1,947 -
1967 $2,701 - $1,735 -
1966 $2,487 - $1,789 -
1965 $2,284 - $1,689 -
1964 $2,049 - $1,626 -
1963 $1,807 - $1,486 -
1962 $1,711 - $1,294 -
1961 $1,531 - $1,697 -
1960 $1,389 - $1,452 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

Denmark's GDP per capita is $71,026, ranking 12/197, compared to $54,177 in Israel, ranking 21/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Denmark ranks 14th at $81,878, while Israel ranks 36th at $57,236.

Economic indicators

Denmark Israel
Gross domestic product
$425B
2024
$540B
2024
GDP rank
37/197
2024
29/197
2024
GDP growth
3.48%
2023-2024
0.87%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$71,026
2024
$54,177
2024
GDP per capita rank
12/197
2024
21/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$81,878
2024
$57,236
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
14/197
2024
36/197
2024
Government debt
$134B
2024
$366B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
31.5%
2024
67.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$22,340
2024
$36,645
2024
Government debt per person rank
30/185
2024
18/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$53,468
2026
$43,003
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$151B
2004
$331B
2024
Number of millionaires
376,000
2025
179,905
2025
Number of billionaires
9
2025
41
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.5%
2023
26.6%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.6%
2023
2%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.3%
2024
43.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
1.37%
2023-2024
3.07%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
1.6%
2025
4.5%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.15%
2024
2.9%
2024
Population
6032403
10290887

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Denmark
Spending

Debt
Israel
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Denmark Israel
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 47.3% 31.5% 43.8% 67.6%
2023 47.4% 33.8% 39.3% 61.3%
2022 45.1% 34.2% 36.9% 60.3%
2021 49.7% 40.7% 40% 67.7%
2020 53.3% 46.3% 44.8% 71.1%
2019 49.8% 38.3% 38.7% 59.3%
2018 50.8% 38.5% 39.2% 60.1%
2017 50.6% 40.2% 38.3% 59.8%
2016 52.4% 41.7% 37.9% 61.7%
2015 54.4% 44.6% 37.6% 62.8%
2014 55.1% 48.7% 38.3% 64.9%
2013 55.6% 47.8% 39.7% 66%
2012 57.9% 48.7% 39.6% 66.9%
2011 56.3% 50% 39.3% 67.2%
2010 56.5% 46.1% 39.7% 69%
2009 56.3% 43% 41.4% 72.6%
2008 50.3% 35.5% 41.2% 70.2%
2007 49.5% 29.5% 40.2% 70.8%
2006 49.7% 33.2% 41.6% 77.7%
2005 51.1% 39.4% 42.3% 85.2%
2004 52.8% 46.2% 43% 88.3%
2003 53.5% 48.2% 45.4% 89.7%
2002 53.1% 50.3% 50% 87.2%
2001 53% 50.1% 46.1% 81.1%
2000 52.9% 53.6% 43.4% 77.2%
1999 54.7% 56.8% 53.6% 94.8%
1998 55.6% 60.3% 55% 101%
1997 56.2% 64.4% 52.6% 99.3%
1996 58.2% 68.3% 53.2% 100.3%
1995 58.7% 71.5% 52.8% 102.3%
1994 59.5% 75.3% 41.7% 110.2%
1993 59.5% 78.7% 42.2% 118.3%
1992 56.4% 66.7% 44.1% 119.6%
1991 55.5% 63.2% 34.4% 123.7%
1990 55.1% 62.4% 46.8% 138.3%
1989 56.2% 62.2% 47.5% 147.4%
1988 56.1% 64.7% 46.5% 145.4%
1987 54% 62.5% 52.8% 143.2%
1986 52.3% 66.8% 55.7% 162.5%
1985 55.5% 74.7% 65.2% 199%
1984 56.6% 77.7% - 284%
1983 57.9% 74.2% - 260.5%
1982 57.7% 64.5% 69.7% -
1981 56.3% 51.7% 71.8% -
1980 52.7% 39.2% 69.4% 154.3%
1979 49.6% 31.8% 70.1% 155.5%
1978 47.2% 25.5% 62.2% 133.6%
1977 45.6% 15.2% 69.1% 142%
1976 45% 11.4% 66.3% 97.4%
1975 45.3% 7.01% 62% 85.1%
1974 43.6% 6.2% - 79.8%
1973 39.5% 8.94% - 62.1%
1972 42.1% 11.5% - 63.9%
1971 42.2% 12.9% - -
1970 24.4% 7.62% 41.6% -
1969 25.3% 8.36% 41.1% -
1968 24.3% 9.36% 39.4% -
1967 22.2% 10.1% 33.9% -
1966 21.1% 11.2% 29.6% -
1965 17.1% 12.9% 27.8% -
1964 17.6% 14.5% 28.2% -
1963 18.2% 13.7% 26.9% -
1962 17% 15.3% 27.7% -
1961 15.6% 16.4% 30.3% -
1960 16.4% 20.1% 30.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government spending was $201B, accounting for 47.3% of its GDP, while Israel spent $237B, or 43.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 31.5% in Denmark and 67.6% in Israel, ranking 155/185 and 62/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Denmark

Israel
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Denmark Israel
2024 4.46% -8.26%
2023 3.43% -5.06%
2022 3.39% 0.32%
2021 4.12% -3.37%
2020 0.36% -10.7%
2019 4.28% -3.79%
2018 0.81% -3.56%
2017 1.69% -1.13%
2016 0.3% -1.79%
2015 -0.9% -1.21%
2014 1.43% -2.29%
2013 -0.94% -4.06%
2012 -3.2% -4.46%
2011 -1.77% -3.43%
2010 -2.52% -3.72%
2009 -2.75% -6.53%
2008 3.46% -3.5%
2007 5.31% -0.43%
2006 5.29% -0.95%
2005 5.2% -2.74%
2004 2.23% -3.4%
2003 0.14% -5.03%
2002 0.25% -8.22%
2001 1.13% -4.06%
2000 1.79% -0.8%
1999 1.06% -6.26%
1998 -0.28% -7.99%
1997 -1.22% -4.84%
1996 -2.4% -5.97%
1995 -3.5% -4.28%
1994 -3.85% -5.62%
1993 -3.73% -5.62%
1992 -2.6% -8%
1991 -3.15% -7.04%
1990 -1.78% -9.67%
1989 0.3% -9.03%
1988 1.46% -7.57%
1987 2.46% -7.47%
1986 3.23% -7.51%
1985 -1.38% -14.2%
1984 -3.58% -
1983 -6.29% -
1982 -8.22% -13.8%
1981 -5.84% -23.5%
1980 -2.32% -19.6%
1979 -0.69% -16.7%
1978 0.41% -14.7%
1977 0.37% -20.3%
1976 0.19% -19.4%
1975 -1.23% -19.6%
1974 3.7% -
1973 4.97% -
1972 5.01% -
1971 4.96% -
1970 0.7% -16%
1969 0.3% -15.3%
1968 -0.06% -11.7%
1967 1.49% -7.68%
1966 0.99% -4.35%
1965 2.13% -2.72%
1964 1.79% -3.65%
1963 1.2% -4.41%
1962 -0.09% -4.09%
1961 1.73% -5.86%
1960 1.25% -6.62%
1959 0.79% -7.23%
1958 0.25% -8.31%
1957 0.26% -7.17%
1956 -0.01% -9.3%
1955 -1.17% -4.3%
1954 -0.84% -7.84%
1953 1.75% -8.32%
1952 1.18% -7.19%
1951 0.79% -8.13%
1950 1.08% -10.7%
1949 0.63% -
1948 1.07% -
1947 0.84% -
1946 2.69% -
1945 -1.03% -
1944 0% -
1943 0% -
1942 0% -
1941 0% -
1940 0% -
1939 0% -
1938 0.03% -
1937 0.22% -
1936 -1.36% -
1935 -0.97% -
1934 0.03% -
1933 1.69% -
1932 -3.22% -
1931 -1.67% -
1930 0.03% -
1929 0.13% -
1928 -4.99% -
1927 -2.33% -
1926 -0.48% -
1925 -3.1% -
1924 -0.8% -
1923 -0.56% -
1922 -1.33% -
1921 -2.41% -
1920 -0.46% -
1919 -0.38% -
1918 1.95% -
1917 3.1% -
1916 1.51% -
1915 -0.48% -
1914 0.43% -
1913 0.07% -
1912 0.13% -
1911 -1.02% -
1910 -1.72% -
1909 -2.49% -
1908 -0.82% -
1907 0.26% -
1906 -0.42% -
1905 0.22% -
1904 -0.1% -
1903 0.03% -
1902 -0.06% -
1901 -0.71% -
1900 -0.84% -
1899 -0.59% -
1898 -0.43% -
1897 -0.61% -
1896 -0.07% -
1895 -0.17% -
1894 -0.26% -
1893 -0.42% -
1892 -0.73% -
1891 -0.76% -
1890 -0.97% -
1889 -0.55% -
1888 -0.49% -
1887 -0.68% -
1886 -0.39% -
1885 0.48% -
1884 1.2% -
1883 0.73% -
1882 0.35% -
1881 0.42% -
1880 -2.65% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

In 2024, Denmark's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $18.9B, equivalent to 4.46% of GDP. This compares to Israel's deficit of $44.6B, or 8.26% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Denmark recorded a fiscal deficit in 25 of those years, while Israel ran a deficit in 58 years. On average, Denmark posted an annual surplus equal to 0.38% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.34% of GDP for Israel.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Denmark

Israel
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Denmark Israel
2024 1.37% 3.07%
2023 3.31% 4.23%
2022 7.7% 4.41%
2021 1.85% 1.48%
2020 0.42% -0.58%
2019 0.76% 0.82%
2018 0.81% 0.81%
2017 1.15% 0.25%
2016 0.25% -0.54%
2015 0.45% -0.62%
2014 0.56% 0.47%
2013 0.79% 1.59%
2012 2.4% 1.68%
2011 2.76% 3.49%
2010 2.31% 2.7%
2009 1.3% 3.37%
2008 3.42% 4.53%
2007 1.69% 0.47%
2006 1.92% 2.05%
2005 1.82% 1.34%
2004 1.15% -0.42%
2003 2.08% 0.71%
2002 2.42% 5.8%
2001 2.34% 1.12%
2000 2.9% 1.03%
1999 2.5% 5.19%
1998 1.85% 5.49%
1997 2.18% 8.95%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Denmark has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.95%, compared with 2.25% in Israel. In 2024, inflation was 1.37% in Denmark and 3.07% in Israel.

Top exports between countries

Denmark
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $127M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $64M
Animal & marine products $35.8M
Chemicals & pharma $22.3M
Textiles & consumer goods $20.3M
Metals $3.64M
Miscellaneous $2.6M
Wood & paper products $2.23M
Raw materials & minerals $1.99M
Raw agricultural goods $1.07M
Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $48.9M
Metals $29.9M
Chemicals & pharma $26.6M
Raw materials & minerals $7.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $5.33M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.52M
Raw agricultural goods $1.5M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $771K
Weapons & explosives $461K
Miscellaneous $93K

Balance of trade

Denmark Israel
Current account balance
$52.1B
2024
$15.5B
2024
Current account balance ranking
14/190
2024
21/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+12.3%
2024
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$132B
2024
$96.3B
2024
Goods exports
$172B
2024
$70B
2024
Service imports
$125B
2024
$44.4B
2024
Service exports
$129B
2024
$83.7B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
60.8%
2024
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
71%
2024
28.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Denmark Israel
Economic freedom 79 68.4
Economic freedom ranking 8/197 47/197
Property rights 99.9 73.1
Government integrity 98 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 89.3 68.1
Tax burden 43.4 60.2
Government spending 34.8 52
Fiscal health 98 60.8
Business freedom 90.4 72.4
Labor freedom 65 56.8
Monetary freedom 80.1 78.2
Trade freedom 79.4 82.8
Investment freedom 90 70
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Denmark
Israel
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Denmark Israel
2026 79 68.4
2025 79.1 69.9
2024 77.8 70.1
2023 77.6 68.9
2022 78 68
2021 77.8 73.8
2020 78.3 74
2019 76.7 72.8
2018 76.6 72.2
2017 75.1 69.7
2016 75.3 70.7
2015 76.3 70.5
2014 76.1 68.4
2013 76.1 66.9
2012 76.2 67.8
2011 78.6 68.5
2010 77.9 67.7
2009 79.6 67.6
2008 79.2 66.3
2007 77 64.8
2006 75.4 64.4
2005 75.3 62.6
2004 72.4 61.4
2003 73.2 62.7
2002 71.1 66.9
2001 68.3 66.1
2000 68.3 65.5
1999 68.1 68.3
1998 67.5 68
1997 67.5 62.7
1996 67.3 62
1995 - 61.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/denmark/israel | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Denmark is 79, ranking 8/197, compared to 68.4 for Israel, ranking 47/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Denmark Israel
Services, % of GDP
63.5%
2024
72.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
24.1%
2024
17.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
0.93%
2024
1.28%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$434B
2024
$528B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$84,680
2024
$56,790
2024
Total reserves including gold
$108B
2024
$215B
2024
Total reserves ranking
25/177
2024
18/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$11.9B
2024
-$4.86B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$18.5B
2024
$14.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$30.7B
2024
$9.92B
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
12.4%
2021
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
23.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.