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Economy of Israel vs New Zealand compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Israel has a GDP of $611B compared to $264B for New Zealand, ranking 27/197 and 53/197 by economy size, respectively.

Israel has $418B in government debt (68.5% of GDP), compared to $145B (54.7% of GDP) in New Zealand.

Israel vs New Zealand GDP by year

Israel
New Zealand
1x
Year GDP, current $
Israel New Zealand
2025 $610,777,842,874 $264,057,413,740
2024 $542,284,494,491 $261,497,198,364
2023 $513,393,395,492 $256,372,177,758
2022 $525,157,951,213 $249,723,029,451
2021 $489,735,019,666 $253,732,493,988
2020 $410,908,899,711 $213,318,129,989
2019 $399,207,771,082 $213,088,034,258
2018 $375,470,422,244 $211,726,161,989
2017 $357,360,816,857 $206,561,943,051
2016 $321,083,954,798 $188,980,351,891
2015 $302,841,190,258 $178,147,457,243
2014 $314,376,760,832 $201,435,445,068
2013 $298,045,324,736 $190,943,478,290
2012 $263,172,104,091 $176,508,049,114
2011 $267,739,352,609 $168,458,838,711
2010 $239,372,857,534 $146,887,902,524
2009 $213,112,649,594 $121,663,439,315
2008 $220,952,472,408 $133,437,126,590
2007 $184,448,882,452 $137,188,946,866
2006 $158,706,516,002 $111,538,810,713
2005 $147,346,035,831 $114,720,129,550
2004 $139,925,423,025 $103,905,210,084
2003 $131,278,887,815 $88,250,885,550
2002 $125,215,963,105 $66,627,729,311
2001 $134,889,159,474 $53,872,425,917
2000 $136,409,902,632 $52,623,281,957
1999 $121,329,240,042 $58,762,260,626
1998 $120,468,659,246 $56,227,169,851
1997 $119,389,303,067 $66,075,143,415
1996 $115,051,957,577 $70,140,835,299
1995 $105,432,315,611 $63,918,703,507
1994 $90,684,108,118 $55,314,732,279
1993 $79,806,598,120 $46,775,620,817
1992 $79,408,652,426 $41,649,829,860
1991 $70,954,941,681 $42,745,329,732
1990 $61,978,459,022 $45,495,129,385
1989 $52,411,116,588 $43,920,222,525
1988 $52,618,458,014 $45,176,811,594
1987 $43,022,977,765 $40,376,354,070
1986 $35,812,041,620 $30,604,668,357
1985 $28,887,898,639 $24,679,795,396
1984 $30,626,695,891 $21,665,975,319
1983 $32,655,591,256 $24,309,279,706
1982 $29,237,231,967 $24,164,603,059
1981 $26,865,420,933 $24,417,617,184
1980 $25,379,585,067 $23,244,547,385
1979 $22,595,788,591 $20,731,243,113
1978 $17,690,363,444 $18,530,518,395
1977 $18,245,847,441 $15,446,825,318
1976 $15,946,502,888 $13,604,832,424
1975 $16,131,806,290 $12,861,983,284
1974 $17,162,009,924 $13,940,981,798
1973 $11,895,229,181 $12,802,281,898
1972 $9,216,866,299 $9,567,331,065
1971 $7,048,191,876 $7,911,136,757
1970 $7,402,142,195 $6,495,605,331
1969 $6,293,966,357 $5,814,357,709
1968 $5,455,059,532 $5,228,045,415
1967 $4,759,447,914 $6,016,017,227
1966 $4,700,397,692 $5,917,437,693
1965 $4,326,412,951 $5,706,251,400
1964 $4,021,861,430 $7,340,766,415
1963 $3,533,767,055 $6,699,741,645
1962 $2,964,323,618 $6,133,158,532
1961 $3,706,297,903 $5,721,994,864
1960 $3,068,690,949 $5,536,098,360

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

GDP per capita in Israel vs New Zealand by year

Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
New Zealand
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Israel New Zealand
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,337 - $49,591 -
2024 $54,217 $57,236 $49,432 $55,551
2023 $52,126 $55,171 $49,302 $54,697
2022 $54,947 $53,619 $49,142 $54,034
2021 $52,258 $46,162 $49,902 $48,249
2020 $44,591 $40,955 $42,055 $45,513
2019 $44,092 $41,325 $42,872 $45,278
2018 $42,269 $40,190 $43,204 $42,527
2017 $41,013 $39,471 $42,912 $42,244
2016 $37,571 $38,189 $40,088 $39,989
2015 $36,138 $35,871 $38,649 $37,513
2014 $38,265 $34,816 $44,600 $37,331
2013 $36,981 $34,827 $42,985 $36,263
2012 $33,269 $32,484 $40,042 $33,055
2011 $34,477 $31,314 $38,426 $32,739
2010 $31,399 $29,456 $33,762 $31,305
2009 $28,470 $28,087 $28,277 $30,746
2008 $30,231 $28,084 $31,325 $29,896
2007 $25,689 $28,307 $32,480 $29,331
2006 $22,500 $26,385 $26,655 $27,732
2005 $21,262 $25,701 $27,751 $25,677
2004 $20,550 $26,078 $25,420 $25,124
2003 $19,624 $24,702 $21,914 $23,996
2002 $19,059 $26,101 $16,874 $23,306
2001 $20,949 $25,806 $13,883 $22,511
2000 $21,690 $25,766 $13,641 $21,500
1999 $19,809 $23,415 $15,322 $20,579
1998 $20,176 $22,927 $14,738 $19,323
1997 $20,457 $22,279 $17,474 $19,100
1996 $20,213 $21,672 $18,794 $18,392
1995 $19,014 $20,642 $17,400 $17,864
1994 $16,796 $19,478 $15,280 $17,108
1993 $15,169 $18,218 $13,094 $15,900
1992 $15,500 $17,553 $11,793 $14,877
1991 $14,337 $16,486 $12,230 $14,501
1990 $13,300 $15,721 $13,663 $14,812
1989 $11,601 - $13,312 -
1988 $11,846 - $13,759 -
1987 $9,847 - $12,331 -
1986 $8,330 - $9,428 -
1985 $6,824 - $7,601 -
1984 $7,364 - $6,714 -
1983 $7,955 - $7,598 -
1982 $7,253 - $7,656 -
1981 $6,791 - $7,814 -
1980 $6,545 - $7,467 -
1979 $5,968 - $6,668 -
1978 $4,794 - $5,937 -
1977 $5,050 - $4,951 -
1976 $4,514 - $4,374 -
1975 $4,669 - $4,172 -
1974 $5,082 - $4,611 -
1973 $3,629 - $4,323 -
1972 $2,928 - $3,295 -
1971 $2,297 - $2,773 -
1970 $2,489 - $2,311 -
1969 $2,188 - $2,097 -
1968 $1,946 - $1,902 -
1967 $1,734 - $2,208 -
1966 $1,788 - $2,211 -
1965 $1,688 - $2,171 -
1964 $1,625 - $2,839 -
1963 $1,485 - $2,646 -
1962 $1,293 - $2,471 -
1961 $1,696 - $2,365 -
1960 $1,452 - $2,334 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

Israel's GDP per capita is $60,337, ranking 19/197, compared to $49,591 in New Zealand, ranking 26/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Israel ranks 36th at $57,236, while New Zealand ranks 38th at $55,551.

Economic indicators

Israel New Zealand
Gross domestic product
$611B
2025
$264B
2025
GDP rank
27/197
2025
53/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
0.46%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,337
2025
$49,591
2025
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2025
26/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,236
2024
$55,551
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
36/197
2024
38/197
2024
Government debt
$418B
2025
$145B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
68.5%
2025
54.7%
2025
Government debt per person
$41,338
2025
$27,139
2025
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2025
27/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$48,251
2026
$36,222
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$331B
2024
$103B
2025
Number of millionaires
195,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
42
2026
5
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27%
2022
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2022
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
41.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.04%
2024-2025
2.84%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2026
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
3%
2025
5.26%
2025
Population
10334048
5380024

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Israel
Spending

Debt
New Zealand
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Israel New Zealand
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 43.6% 68.5% 41.6% 54.7%
2024 43.7% 67.7% 41.7% 51.4%
2023 39.6% 61.3% 41% 47.3%
2022 36.9% 60.3% 41.7% 46.9%
2021 40.1% 67.7% 41.8% 47.5%
2020 44.8% 71.1% 41.9% 43.2%
2019 38.7% 59.3% 38.7% 31.8%
2018 39.2% 60.1% 36.1% 28.1%
2017 38.4% 59.8% 35.6% 31.1%
2016 37.9% 61.7% 36.4% 33.4%
2015 37.6% 62.8% 37.2% 34.2%
2014 38.3% 65.8% 37.6% 34.2%
2013 39.7% 66% 38.6% 34.6%
2012 39.6% 66.9% 39.7% 35.7%
2011 39.3% 67.2% 42.3% 34.7%
2010 39.7% 69% 42.9% 29.6%
2009 41.4% 72.6% 40.3% 24.3%
2008 41.2% 70.2% 38.4% 19%
2007 40.2% 70.8% 37% 16.3%
2006 41.6% 77.7% 37.8% 18.4%
2005 42.3% 85.2% 37.1% 20.8%
2004 43% 88.3% 36.1% 22.5%
2003 45.4% 89.7% 36.6% 24.7%
2002 50% 87.2% 36.7% 26.4%
2001 46.1% 81.1% 37.2% 28.2%
2000 43.4% 77.2% 38.2% 30%
1999 53.6% 94.8% 39.2% 32%
1998 55% 101% 40.1% 34.5%
1997 52.6% 99.3% 39.3% 34.6%
1996 53.2% 100.3% 39.8% 37.3%
1995 52.8% 102.3% 41.6% 43.5%
1994 41.7% 110.2% 42.7% 48.9%
1993 42.2% 118.3% 46.7% 54.6%
1992 44.1% 119.6% 52.4% 58.7%
1991 34.4% 123.7% 52.9% 58%
1990 46.8% 138.3% 49.5% 55.5%
1989 47.5% 147.4% 47.8% 54.9%
1988 46.5% 145.4% 46.1% 54.7%
1987 52.8% 143.2% 46.1% 62.9%
1986 55.7% 162.5% 46.9% 68.5%
1985 65.2% 199% 46.2% 64.1%
1984 - 284% 40.7% 62.8%
1983 - 260.5% 41.4% 59.6%
1982 69.7% - 39.9% 51.5%
1981 71.8% - 39.1% 50.5%
1980 69.4% 154.3% 38% 52.2%
1979 70.1% 155.5% 38.4% 52%
1978 62.2% 133.6% 36.6% 50%
1977 69.1% 142% 30% 44.6%
1976 66.3% 97.4% 31.6% 47.6%
1975 62% 85.1% 30.1% 41.4%
1974 - 79.8% 27.3% 39.6%
1973 - 62.1% 27.1% 44%
1972 - 63.9% 26.4% 46%
1971 - - 26.8% 71.3%
1970 41.6% - 24.8% 76.5%
1969 41.1% - 25.9% 85.8%
1968 39.4% - 26.2% 86.5%
1967 33.9% - 26% 59.7%
1966 29.6% - 25% 58.2%
1965 27.8% - 24.9% 59.6%
1964 28.2% - 19.4% 61.8%
1963 26.9% - 19.4% 64.5%
1962 27.7% - 21.6% 65%
1961 30.3% - 21.1% 64.6%
1960 30.4% - 25.3% 68.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government spending was $266B, accounting for 43.6% of its GDP, while New Zealand spent $110B, or 41.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 68.5% in Israel and 54.7% in New Zealand, ranking 60/185 and 91/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Israel

New Zealand
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Israel New Zealand
2025 -5.22% -3.86%
2024 -8.07% -3.21%
2023 -5.38% -3.22%
2022 0.3% -3.96%
2021 -3.37% -3.35%
2020 -10.6% -4.21%
2019 -3.79% -2.44%
2018 -3.58% 1.31%
2017 -1.17% 1.38%
2016 -1.78% 0.98%
2015 -1.2% 0.37%
2014 -2.28% -0.33%
2013 -4.07% -1.28%
2012 -4.46% -2.18%
2011 -3.43% -4.94%
2010 -3.72% -5.49%
2009 -6.53% -1.8%
2008 -3.49% 1.48%
2007 -0.43% 3.6%
2006 -0.94% 4.62%
2005 -2.74% 5.13%
2004 -3.4% 4.49%
2003 -5.03% 3.69%
2002 -8.21% 2.56%
2001 -4.06% 1.29%
2000 -0.8% 0.18%
1999 -6.26% -1.1%
1998 -7.99% -0.47%
1997 -4.84% 1.24%
1996 -5.97% 2.58%
1995 -4.28% 3.7%
1994 -5.62% 2%
1993 -5.62% -1.51%
1992 -8% -6.25%
1991 -7.04% -6.12%
1990 -9.67% -2.72%
1989 -9.03% -2.16%
1988 -7.57% -1.88%
1987 -7.47% -3.43%
1986 -7.51% -5.33%
1985 -14.2% -6.97%
1984 - -8.68%
1983 - -6.64%
1982 -13.8% -6.26%
1981 -23.5% -6.02%
1980 -19.6% -4.9%
1979 -16.7% -6.55%
1978 -14.7% -3.41%
1977 -20.3% -1.09%
1976 -19.4% -2.07%
1975 -19.6% 0.11%
1974 - 0.03%
1973 - -0.07%
1972 - 0.12%
1971 - 0.09%
1970 -16% -0.05%
1969 -15.3% 0.17%
1968 -11.7% 0.03%
1967 -7.68% 0.02%
1966 -4.35% 0.09%
1965 -2.72% 0.26%
1964 -3.65% -0.08%
1963 -4.41% -0.26%
1962 -4.09% 0.02%
1961 -5.86% 0.03%
1960 -6.62% 0.05%
1959 -7.23% 0.03%
1958 -8.31% -0.02%
1957 -7.17% 0.32%
1956 -9.3% 1.33%
1955 -4.3% 0.73%
1954 -7.84% 0.22%
1953 -8.32% 0.43%
1952 -7.19% 1.73%
1951 -8.13% 1.17%
1950 -10.7% 0.78%
1949 - 0.53%
1948 - 0.36%
1947 - 1.07%
1946 - 0.31%
1945 - 0.32%
1944 - 0.59%
1943 - 1.24%
1942 - 0.56%
1941 - 0.64%
1940 - 0.13%
1939 - 0.34%
1938 - 0.38%
1937 - 0.23%
1936 - 0.17%
1935 - 1.19%
1934 - -0.55%
1933 - 0.02%
1932 - -1.77%
1931 - -1.12%
1930 - 0.09%
1929 - -0.37%
1928 - 0.12%
1927 - 0.4%
1926 - 0.72%
1925 - 0.78%
1924 - 1.2%
1923 - 0.95%
1922 - -0.2%
1921 - 3.55%
1920 - 1.51%
1919 - 2.9%
1918 - 4.35%
1917 - 3.89%
1916 - 1.46%
1915 - 0.06%
1914 - 0.45%
1913 - 0.79%
1912 - 0.89%
1911 - 1.24%
1910 - 0.36%
1909 - 0.31%
1908 - 1.26%
1907 - 1.13%
1906 - 0.97%
1905 - 1.41%
1904 - 1.42%
1903 - 0.55%
1902 - 0.63%
1901 - 1.11%
1900 - 1.59%
1899 - 1.15%
1898 - 1.38%
1897 - 0.86%
1896 - 0.65%
1895 - 0.32%
1894 - 0.76%
1893 - 1.14%
1892 - 0.09%
1891 - 0.46%
1890 - 0.05%
1889 - 0.59%
1888 - -1.64%
1887 - -1.63%
1886 - -0.53%
1885 - -0.47%
1884 - -0.1%
1883 - 0.38%
1882 - 0.18%
1881 - -2.33%
1880 - -2.39%
1879 - -0.55%
1878 - -0.85%
1877 - -2.53%
1876 - -5.28%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9B, equivalent to 5.22% of GDP. This compares to New Zealand's deficit of $10.2B, or 3.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Israel recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while New Zealand ran a deficit in 37 years. On average, Israel posted an annual deficit equal to 7.31% of GDP, compared to deficit of 1.25% of GDP for New Zealand.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Israel

New Zealand
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Israel New Zealand
2025 3.04% 2.84%
2024 3.07% 2.92%
2023 4.23% 5.73%
2022 4.41% 7.17%
2021 1.48% 3.94%
2020 -0.58% 1.71%
2019 0.82% 1.62%
2018 0.81% 1.6%
2017 0.25% 1.85%
2016 -0.54% 0.65%
2015 -0.62% 0.29%
2014 0.47% 1.23%
2013 1.59% 1.13%
2012 1.68% 1.06%
2011 3.49% 4.03%
2010 2.7% 2.3%
2009 3.37% 2.12%
2008 4.53% 3.96%
2007 0.47% 2.38%
2006 2.05% 3.37%
2005 1.34% 3.04%
2004 -0.42% 2.29%
2003 0.71% 1.75%
2002 5.8% 2.68%
2001 1.12% 2.63%
2000 1.03% 2.62%
1999 5.19% -0.11%
1998 5.49% 1.27%
1997 8.95% 1.19%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Israel has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.27%, compared with 2.39% in New Zealand. In 2025, inflation was 3.04% in Israel and 2.84% in New Zealand.

Top exports between countries

Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $20.7M
Chemicals & pharma $15.9M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.97M
Raw materials & minerals $3.13M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.19M
Metals $785K
Raw agricultural goods $324K
Precious metals & jewellery $258K
Miscellaneous $124K
Weapons & explosives $65K
New Zealand
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $4.24M
Chemicals & pharma $3.34M
Machinery & equipment $2.32M
Animal & marine products $1.07M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $991K
Transport & tourism services $300K
Business & finance services $200K
Raw materials & minerals $187K
Metals $54K
Precious metals & jewellery $51K

Balance of trade

Israel New Zealand
Current account balance
$8.53B
2025
-$9.56B
2025
Current account balance ranking
26/190
2025
174/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.4%
2025
-3.62%
2025
Goods imports
$102B
2025
$48.2B
2025
Goods exports
$76.2B
2025
$47.2B
2025
Service imports
$53.2B
2025
$20.3B
2025
Service exports
$92.4B
2025
$19.5B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
26%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.6%
2025
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Israel New Zealand
Economic freedom 68.4 77.8
Economic freedom ranking 47/197 13/197
Property rights 73.1 85.4
Government integrity 66.2 90
Judicial effectiveness 68.1 95.9
Tax burden 60.2 66.1
Government spending 52 48
Fiscal health 60.8 72.2
Business freedom 72.4 89.1
Labor freedom 56.8 68.6
Monetary freedom 78.2 77.4
Trade freedom 82.8 90.6
Investment freedom 70 70
Financial freedom 80 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Israel
New Zealand
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Israel New Zealand
2026 68.4 77.8
2025 69.9 78.1
2024 70.1 77.8
2023 68.9 78.9
2022 68 80.6
2021 73.8 83.9
2020 74 84.1
2019 72.8 84.4
2018 72.2 84.2
2017 69.7 83.7
2016 70.7 81.6
2015 70.5 82.1
2014 68.4 81.2
2013 66.9 81.4
2012 67.8 82.1
2011 68.5 82.3
2010 67.7 82.1
2009 67.6 82
2008 66.3 80.7
2007 64.8 81.4
2006 64.4 82
2005 62.6 82.3
2004 61.4 81.5
2003 62.7 81.1
2002 66.9 80.7
2001 66.1 81.1
2000 65.5 80.9
1999 68.3 81.7
1998 68 79.2
1997 62.7 79
1996 62 78.1
1995 61.5 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/new-zealand | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Israel is 68.4, ranking 47/197, compared to 77.8 for New Zealand, ranking 13/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Israel New Zealand
Services, % of GDP
72.8%
2024
68.2%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
19.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.29%
2024
4.01%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$569B
2025
$248B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,870
2025
$53,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$229B
2025
$28.2B
2025
Total reserves ranking
18/177
2025
59/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.8B
2025
-$3.58B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$14.8B
2024
$1.76B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$9.92B
2024
$882M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
22%
2020
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
23.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1876–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2019–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.