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Economy of Brazil vs Israel compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Brazil has a GDP of $2.28T compared to $611B for Israel, ranking 11/197 and 27/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $2.13T in government debt (93.3% of GDP), compared to $418B (68.5% of GDP) in Israel.

Brazil vs Israel GDP by year

Brazil
Israel
1x
Year GDP, current $
Brazil Israel
2025 $2,279,920,092,492 $610,777,842,874
2024 $2,185,821,610,689 $542,284,494,491
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $513,393,395,492
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $525,157,951,213
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $489,735,019,666
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $410,908,899,711
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $399,207,771,082
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $375,470,422,244
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $357,360,816,857
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $321,083,954,798
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $302,841,190,258
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $314,376,760,832
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $298,045,324,736
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $263,172,104,091
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $267,739,352,609
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $239,372,857,534
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $213,112,649,594
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $220,952,472,408
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $184,448,882,452
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $158,706,516,002
2005 $891,633,839,894 $147,346,035,831
2004 $669,289,424,806 $139,925,423,025
2003 $558,233,745,652 $131,278,887,815
2002 $509,795,273,807 $125,215,963,105
2001 $559,983,634,799 $134,889,159,474
2000 $655,448,231,984 $136,409,902,632
1999 $599,642,024,320 $121,329,240,042
1998 $863,710,759,256 $120,468,659,246
1997 $883,206,179,730 $119,389,303,067
1996 $850,426,432,992 $115,051,957,577
1995 $769,333,050,987 $105,432,315,611
1994 $525,369,467,296 $90,684,108,118
1993 $368,292,034,381 $79,806,598,120
1992 $328,191,909,882 $79,408,652,426
1991 $342,534,090,909 $70,954,941,681
1990 $384,959,818,182 $61,978,459,022
1989 $412,990,820,287 $52,411,116,588
1988 $307,881,930,752 $52,618,458,014
1987 $283,056,836,894 $43,022,977,765
1986 $256,480,852,471 $35,812,041,620
1985 $210,879,844,639 $28,887,898,639
1984 $188,339,974,087 $30,626,695,891
1983 $189,656,506,321 $32,655,591,256
1982 $271,314,113,768 $29,237,231,967
1981 $258,015,174,749 $26,865,420,933
1980 $237,393,489,893 $25,379,585,067
1979 $221,338,204,480 $22,595,788,591
1978 $200,278,646,124 $17,690,363,444
1977 $176,344,101,402 $18,245,847,441
1976 $153,168,949,208 $15,946,502,888
1975 $129,203,555,239 $16,131,806,290
1974 $109,794,519,728 $17,162,009,924
1973 $83,592,275,863 $11,895,229,181
1972 $58,434,858,375 $9,216,866,299
1971 $48,869,830,902 $7,048,191,876
1970 $42,327,664,794 $7,402,142,195
1969 $37,171,640,819 $6,293,966,357
1968 $33,930,457,425 $5,455,059,532
1967 $31,086,389,195 $4,759,447,914
1966 $28,283,323,733 $4,700,397,692
1965 $22,465,522,884 $4,326,412,951
1964 $20,963,733,695 $4,021,861,430
1963 $23,287,712,878 $3,533,767,055
1962 $19,231,747,852 $2,964,323,618
1961 $17,275,940,449 $3,706,297,903
1960 $17,030,465,539 $3,068,690,949

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Israel by year

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Brazil Israel
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $10,713 - $60,337 -
2024 $10,311 $22,338 $54,217 $57,236
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $52,126 $55,171
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $54,947 $53,619
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $52,258 $46,162
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $44,591 $40,955
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $44,092 $41,325
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $42,269 $40,190
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $41,013 $39,471
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $37,571 $38,189
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $36,138 $35,871
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $38,265 $34,816
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $36,981 $34,827
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $33,269 $32,484
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $34,477 $31,314
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $31,399 $29,456
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $28,470 $28,087
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $30,231 $28,084
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $25,689 $28,307
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $22,500 $26,385
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $21,262 $25,701
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $20,550 $26,078
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $19,624 $24,702
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $19,059 $26,101
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $20,949 $25,806
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $21,690 $25,766
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $19,809 $23,415
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $20,176 $22,927
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $20,457 $22,279
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $20,213 $21,672
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $19,014 $20,642
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $16,796 $19,478
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $15,169 $18,218
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $15,500 $17,553
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $14,337 $16,486
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $13,300 $15,721
1989 $2,819 - $11,601 -
1988 $2,141 - $11,846 -
1987 $2,006 - $9,847 -
1986 $1,854 - $8,330 -
1985 $1,556 - $6,824 -
1984 $1,420 - $7,364 -
1983 $1,461 - $7,955 -
1982 $2,138 - $7,253 -
1981 $2,080 - $6,791 -
1980 $1,959 - $6,545 -
1979 $1,870 - $5,968 -
1978 $1,733 - $4,794 -
1977 $1,562 - $5,050 -
1976 $1,390 - $4,514 -
1975 $1,201 - $4,669 -
1974 $1,045 - $5,082 -
1973 $815 - $3,629 -
1972 $583 - $2,928 -
1971 $500 - $2,297 -
1970 $444 - $2,489 -
1969 $399 - $2,188 -
1968 $374 - $1,946 -
1967 $351 - $1,734 -
1966 $328 - $1,788 -
1965 $268 - $1,688 -
1964 $257.3 - $1,625 -
1963 $294.2 - $1,485 -
1962 $250.2 - $1,293 -
1961 $231.6 - $1,696 -
1960 $235.3 - $1,452 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,713, ranking 85/197, compared to $60,337 in Israel, ranking 19/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 88th at $22,338, while Israel ranks 36th at $57,236.

Economic indicators

Brazil Israel
Gross domestic product
$2.28T
2025
$611B
2025
GDP rank
11/197
2025
27/197
2025
GDP growth
2.29%
2024-2025
2.93%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$10,713
2025
$60,337
2025
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2025
19/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,338
2024
$57,236
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
88/197
2024
36/197
2024
Government debt
$2.13T
2025
$418B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
93.3%
2025
68.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$9,999
2025
$41,338
2025
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2025
16/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,555
2026
$48,251
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$871B
2025
$331B
2024
Number of millionaires
386,000
2026
195,000
2026
Number of billionaires
70
2026
42
2026
Income share by richest 10%
39.3%
2024
27%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2024
1.8%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.4%
2025
43.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5%
2024-2025
3.04%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
14.5%
2026
3.75%
2026
Unemployment rate
5.83%
2025
3%
2025
Population
213964342
10334048

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Brazil
Spending

Debt
Israel
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Brazil Israel
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 47.4% 93.3% 43.6% 68.5%
2024 45.5% 87% 43.7% 67.7%
2023 45.3% 84% 39.6% 61.3%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 36.9% 60.3%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 40.1% 67.7%
2020 46.2% 96% 44.8% 71.1%
2019 43% 87.1% 38.7% 59.3%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 39.2% 60.1%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 38.4% 59.8%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 37.9% 61.7%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 37.6% 62.8%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 38.3% 65.8%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 39.7% 66%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 39.6% 66.9%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 39.3% 67.2%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 39.7% 69%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 41.4% 72.6%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 41.2% 70.2%
2007 40.4% 63% 40.2% 70.8%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 41.6% 77.7%
2005 41.9% 67% 42.3% 85.2%
2004 39.7% 68% 43% 88.3%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 45.4% 89.7%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 50% 87.2%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 46.1% 81.1%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 43.4% 77.2%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 53.6% 94.8%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 55% 101%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 52.6% 99.3%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 53.2% 100.3%
1995 - 28% 52.8% 102.3%
1994 - 30% 41.7% 110.2%
1993 - 32.6% 42.2% 118.3%
1992 - 37.1% 44.1% 119.6%
1991 - 38.1% 34.4% 123.7%
1990 - 40.6% 46.8% 138.3%
1989 - 40.2% 47.5% 147.4%
1988 - 46.9% 46.5% 145.4%
1987 - 50.3% 52.8% 143.2%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 55.7% 162.5%
1985 11.1% 52.6% 65.2% 199%
1984 10% 55.8% - 284%
1983 9.7% 51.5% - 260.5%
1982 8.1% 32.8% 69.7% -
1981 7.8% 34.6% 71.8% -
1980 6.8% 39.7% 69.4% 154.3%
1979 9% 36.6% 70.1% 155.5%
1978 10.2% 37% 62.2% 133.6%
1977 10.4% 31% 69.1% 142%
1976 10.6% 31.8% 66.3% 97.4%
1975 10.7% 27.7% 62% 85.1%
1974 10.5% 25.7% - 79.8%
1973 11% 22.4% - 62.1%
1972 12.6% 22.5% - 63.9%
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1970 11.4% 17% 41.6% -
1969 11.2% 16.5% 41.1% -
1968 14.4% 15.8% 39.4% -
1967 13.5% 13.8% 33.9% -
1966 14.6% 19.6% 29.6% -
1965 14% 17.6% 27.8% -
1964 25.4% 22.2% 28.2% -
1963 22.8% 20.4% 26.9% -
1962 23.1% 23.7% 27.7% -
1961 12% 25.7% 30.3% -
1960 13.7% 22.3% 30.4% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government spending was $1.08T, accounting for 47.4% of its GDP, while Israel spent $266B, or 43.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 93.3% in Brazil and 68.5% in Israel, ranking 29/185 and 60/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Israel
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Israel
2025 -8.07% -5.22%
2024 -6.17% -8.07%
2023 -7.71% -5.38%
2022 -3.96% 0.3%
2021 -2.63% -3.37%
2020 -11.6% -10.6%
2019 -4.86% -3.79%
2018 -6.99% -3.58%
2017 -7.97% -1.17%
2016 -7.99% -1.78%
2015 -9.28% -1.2%
2014 -6.27% -2.28%
2013 -3.42% -4.07%
2012 -2.35% -4.46%
2011 -2.74% -3.43%
2010 -3.55% -3.72%
2009 -4.23% -6.53%
2008 -2.39% -3.49%
2007 -2.66% -0.43%
2006 -4.87% -0.94%
2005 -3.36% -2.74%
2004 -2.95% -3.4%
2003 -5.4% -5.03%
2002 -4.15% -8.21%
2001 -3.47% -4.06%
2000 -3.32% -0.8%
1999 -5.17% -6.26%
1998 -7.22% -7.99%
1997 -5.6% -4.84%
1996 -5.35% -5.97%
1995 - -4.28%
1994 - -5.62%
1993 - -5.62%
1992 - -8%
1991 - -7.04%
1990 - -9.67%
1989 - -9.03%
1988 - -7.57%
1987 - -7.47%
1986 -1.6% -7.51%
1985 -1.3% -14.2%
1984 -0.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1982 1.4% -13.8%
1981 1% -23.5%
1980 2.5% -19.6%
1979 0.4% -16.7%
1978 -0.1% -14.7%
1977 0.1% -20.3%
1976 0.1% -19.4%
1975 0% -19.6%
1974 0.6% -
1973 0.1% -
1972 -0.1% -
1971 -0.3% -
1970 -0.4% -16%
1969 -0.6% -15.3%
1968 -1.6% -11.7%
1967 -2.1% -7.68%
1966 -1.3% -4.35%
1965 -2% -2.72%
1964 -8.79% -3.65%
1963 -5.78% -4.41%
1962 -6.82% -4.09%
1961 -2.93% -5.86%
1960 -3.85% -6.62%
1959 -0.18% -7.23%
1958 -0.76% -8.31%
1957 -0.29% -7.17%
1956 -0.14% -9.3%
1955 -0.62% -4.3%
1954 -0.49% -7.84%
1953 -1.26% -8.32%
1952 0.64% -7.19%
1951 0.87% -8.13%
1950 -1.58% -10.7%
1949 -1.22% -
1948 0.002% -
1947 0.25% -
1946 -1.78% -
1945 -2.87% -
1944 -2.37% -
1943 -0.75% -
1942 -2.55% -
1941 -2.15% -
1940 -1.13% -
1939 -1.2% -
1938 -0.59% -
1937 -1.62% -
1936 -0.27% -
1935 -0.5% -
1934 -2.28% -
1933 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1931 -1.56% -
1930 -3.58% -
1929 -0.09% -
1928 0.57% -
1927 0.12% -
1926 -0.76% -
1925 -0.07% -
1924 -0.45% -
1923 -1.94% -
1922 -3.8% -
1921 -2.98% -
1920 -3.11% -
1919 -3.69% -
1918 -4.51% -
1917 -4.8% -
1916 -4.35% -
1915 -6.33% -
1914 -7.32% -
1913 -1.91% -
1912 -3.05% -
1911 -2.15% -
1910 -2.06% -
1909 -1.62% -
1908 -1.89% -
1907 0.38% -
1906 0.28% -
1905 0.96% -
1904 -0.62% -
1903 1.79% -
1902 1.59% -
1901 -2.46% -
1900 -5.57% -
1899 -2.13% -
1898 -14% -
1897 -2.38% -
1896 -0.79% -
1895 -1.33% -
1894 -4.11% -
1893 -1.77% -
1892 -2.6% -
1891 0.51% -
1890 -3.02% -
1889 -3.79% -
1888 0.63% -
1887 -0.76% -
1886 -3.8% -
1885 -5.71% -
1884 -3.89% -
1883 -3.33% -
1882 -1.58% -
1881 -1.9% -
1880 -4.84% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

In 2025, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $184B, equivalent to 8.07% of GDP. This compares to Israel's deficit of $31.9B, or 5.22% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 47 of those years, while Israel ran a deficit in 59 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to 3.32% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.31% of GDP for Israel.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Brazil

Israel
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Brazil Israel
2025 5% 3.04%
2024 4.4% 3.07%
2023 4.6% 4.23%
2022 9.3% 4.41%
2021 8.3% 1.48%
2020 3.2% -0.58%
2019 3.7% 0.82%
2018 3.7% 0.81%
2017 3.4% 0.25%
2016 8.7% -0.54%
2015 9% -0.62%
2014 6.3% 0.47%
2013 6.2% 1.59%
2012 5.4% 1.68%
2011 6.6% 3.49%
2010 5% 2.7%
2009 4.9% 3.37%
2008 5.7% 4.53%
2007 3.6% 0.47%
2006 4.2% 2.05%
2005 6.9% 1.34%
2004 6.6% -0.42%
2003 14.7% 0.71%
2002 8.4% 5.8%
2001 6.8% 1.12%
2000 7% 1.03%
1999 4.9% 5.19%
1998 3.2% 5.49%
1997 6.9% 8.95%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.09%, compared with 2.27% in Israel. In 2025, inflation was 5% in Brazil and 3.04% in Israel.

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $238M
Raw agricultural goods $146M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $53.6M
Wood & paper products $40M
Machinery & equipment $23.5M
Metals $19.8M
Chemicals & pharma $19M
Textiles & consumer goods $17.5M
Raw materials & minerals $6.78M
Precious metals & jewellery $4.63M
Israel
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $543M
Chemicals & pharma $277M
Machinery & equipment $224M
Textiles & consumer goods $112M
Metals $27.9M
Raw agricultural goods $16.2M
Wood & paper products $11.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5.31M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.52M
Manufacturing & construction services $1.5M

Balance of trade

Brazil Israel
Current account balance
-$66.7B
2025
$8.53B
2025
Current account balance ranking
188/190
2025
26/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.93%
2025
+1.4%
2025
Goods imports
$291B
2025
$102B
2025
Goods exports
$351B
2025
$76.2B
2025
Service imports
$105B
2025
$53.2B
2025
Service exports
$54.4B
2025
$92.4B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2025
25.4%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.8%
2025
27.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Israel
Economic freedom 52.4 68.4
Economic freedom ranking 148/197 47/197
Property rights 49.2 73.1
Government integrity 37.2 66.2
Judicial effectiveness 55.6 68.1
Tax burden 70.6 60.2
Government spending 39.8 52
Fiscal health 28 60.8
Business freedom 65.7 72.4
Labor freedom 57 56.8
Monetary freedom 76 78.2
Trade freedom 69 82.8
Investment freedom 40 70
Financial freedom 40 80

Economic freedom comparison by year

Brazil
Israel
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Israel
2026 52.4 68.4
2025 55.1 69.9
2024 53.2 70.1
2023 53.5 68.9
2022 53.3 68
2021 53.4 73.8
2020 53.7 74
2019 51.9 72.8
2018 51.4 72.2
2017 52.9 69.7
2016 56.5 70.7
2015 56.6 70.5
2014 56.9 68.4
2013 57.7 66.9
2012 57.9 67.8
2011 56.3 68.5
2010 55.6 67.7
2009 56.7 67.6
2008 56.2 66.3
2007 56.2 64.8
2006 60.9 64.4
2005 61.7 62.6
2004 62 61.4
2003 63.4 62.7
2002 61.5 66.9
2001 61.9 66.1
2000 61.1 65.5
1999 61.3 68.3
1998 52.3 68
1997 52.6 62.7
1996 48.1 62
1995 51.4 61.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/brazil/israel | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 52.4, ranking 148/197, compared to 68.4 for Israel, ranking 47/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Brazil Israel
Services, % of GDP
59.7%
2025
72.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
20.1%
2025
17.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
6.09%
2025
1.29%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.25T
2025
$569B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,670
2025
$58,870
2025
Total reserves including gold
$359B
2025
$229B
2025
Total reserves ranking
13/177
2025
18/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$47.5B
2025
-$11.8B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$74.1B
2024
$14.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
$9.92B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
5.4%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
22%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.1%
2025
24.3%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–2000, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2000–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2017–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.