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Economy of Israel vs Mexico compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Israel has a GDP of $611B compared to $1.83T for Mexico, ranking 27/197 and 14/197 by economy size, respectively.

Israel has $418B in government debt (68.5% of GDP), compared to $1.13T (61.8% of GDP) in Mexico.

Israel vs Mexico GDP by year

Israel
Mexico
1x
Year GDP, current $
Israel Mexico
2025 $610,777,842,874 $1,832,641,364,776
2024 $542,284,494,491 $1,830,489,311,089
2023 $513,393,395,492 $1,794,410,347,718
2022 $525,157,951,213 $1,466,934,724,243
2021 $489,735,019,666 $1,316,569,466,834
2020 $410,908,899,711 $1,121,064,767,169
2019 $399,207,771,082 $1,304,106,204,006
2018 $375,470,422,244 $1,256,300,182,984
2017 $357,360,816,857 $1,190,721,475,853
2016 $321,083,954,798 $1,112,233,497,453
2015 $302,841,190,258 $1,213,294,467,654
2014 $314,376,760,832 $1,364,507,717,689
2013 $298,045,324,736 $1,327,436,290,439
2012 $263,172,104,091 $1,255,110,424,742
2011 $267,739,352,609 $1,229,013,703,417
2010 $239,372,857,534 $1,105,424,238,652
2009 $213,112,649,594 $943,437,414,951
2008 $220,952,472,408 $1,161,553,459,985
2007 $184,448,882,452 $1,102,355,554,880
2006 $158,706,516,002 $1,020,265,057,882
2005 $147,346,035,831 $917,571,853,437
2004 $139,925,423,025 $819,459,227,375
2003 $131,278,887,815 $765,549,967,889
2002 $125,215,963,105 $810,666,116,402
2001 $134,889,159,474 $796,064,590,549
2000 $136,409,902,632 $742,061,329,749
1999 $121,329,240,042 $631,249,359,702
1998 $120,468,659,246 $557,461,102,631
1997 $119,389,303,067 $523,449,530,464
1996 $115,051,957,577 $432,157,945,024
1995 $105,432,315,611 $380,157,469,867
1994 $90,684,108,118 $553,618,247,901
1993 $79,806,598,120 $530,160,763,663
1992 $79,408,652,426 $363,157,832,924
1991 $70,954,941,681 $313,139,656,146
1990 $61,978,459,022 $261,253,675,693
1989 $52,411,116,588 $221,403,098,267
1988 $52,618,458,014 $181,611,150,497
1987 $43,022,977,765 $147,542,558,209
1986 $35,812,041,620 $134,556,034,673
1985 $28,887,898,639 $195,241,069,482
1984 $30,626,695,891 $184,230,754,105
1983 $32,655,591,256 $156,167,000,433
1982 $29,237,231,967 $184,602,611,610
1981 $26,865,420,933 $263,797,827,860
1980 $25,379,585,067 $205,577,055,466
1979 $22,595,788,591 $134,531,900,899
1978 $17,690,363,444 $102,648,570,299
1977 $18,245,847,441 $81,912,018,784
1976 $15,946,502,888 $88,875,923,765
1975 $16,131,806,290 $88,000,000,000
1974 $17,162,009,924 $72,000,000,000
1973 $11,895,229,181 $55,280,000,000
1972 $9,216,866,299 $45,200,000,000
1971 $7,048,191,876 $39,200,000,000
1970 $7,402,142,195 $35,520,000,000
1969 $6,293,966,357 $32,480,000,000
1968 $5,455,059,532 $29,360,000,000
1967 $4,759,447,914 $26,560,000,000
1966 $4,700,397,692 $24,320,000,000
1965 $4,326,412,951 $21,840,000,000
1964 $4,021,861,430 $20,080,000,000
1963 $3,533,767,055 $16,960,000,000
1962 $2,964,323,618 $15,200,000,000
1961 $3,706,297,903 $14,160,000,000
1960 $3,068,690,949 $13,040,000,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

GDP per capita in Israel vs Mexico by year

Israel
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mexico
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Israel Mexico
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $60,337 - $13,889 -
2024 $54,217 $57,236 $13,988 $26,185
2023 $52,126 $55,171 $13,831 $25,243
2022 $54,947 $53,619 $11,406 $23,135
2021 $52,258 $46,162 $10,314 $20,783
2020 $44,591 $40,955 $8,841 $19,354
2019 $44,092 $41,325 $10,370 $20,964
2018 $42,269 $40,190 $10,085 $20,921
2017 $41,013 $39,471 $9,649 $20,489
2016 $37,571 $38,189 $9,098 $20,105
2015 $36,138 $35,871 $10,021 $19,071
2014 $38,265 $34,816 $11,391 $18,821
2013 $36,981 $34,827 $11,217 $18,170
2012 $33,269 $32,484 $10,744 $18,005
2011 $34,477 $31,314 $10,664 $17,267
2010 $31,399 $29,456 $9,729 $15,909
2009 $28,470 $28,087 $8,424 $15,191
2008 $30,231 $28,084 $10,524 $15,681
2007 $25,689 $28,307 $10,134 $15,032
2006 $22,500 $26,385 $9,513 $14,540
2005 $21,262 $25,701 $8,672 $13,260
2004 $20,550 $26,078 $7,850 $12,658
2003 $19,624 $24,702 $7,434 $12,066
2002 $19,059 $26,101 $7,983 $11,762
2001 $20,949 $25,806 $7,953 $11,739
2000 $21,690 $25,766 $7,524 $11,705
1999 $19,809 $23,415 $6,500 $11,031
1998 $20,176 $22,927 $5,833 $10,756
1997 $20,457 $22,279 $5,567 $10,182
1996 $20,213 $21,672 $4,674 $9,496
1995 $19,014 $20,642 $4,184 $8,933
1994 $16,796 $19,478 $6,202 $9,466
1993 $15,169 $18,218 $6,048 $9,041
1992 $15,500 $17,553 $4,221 $9,470
1991 $14,337 $16,486 $3,709 $9,079
1990 $13,300 $15,721 $3,154 $8,578
1989 $11,601 - $2,725 -
1988 $11,846 - $2,279 -
1987 $9,847 - $1,888 -
1986 $8,330 - $1,757 -
1985 $6,824 - $2,602 -
1984 $7,364 - $2,506 -
1983 $7,955 - $2,170 -
1982 $7,253 - $2,621 -
1981 $6,791 - $3,829 -
1980 $6,545 - $3,055 -
1979 $5,968 - $2,049 -
1978 $4,794 - $1,604 -
1977 $5,050 - $1,315 -
1976 $4,514 - $1,465 -
1975 $4,669 - $1,492 -
1974 $5,082 - $1,256 -
1973 $3,629 - $993 -
1972 $2,928 - $837 -
1971 $2,297 - $748 -
1970 $2,489 - $699 -
1969 $2,188 - $660 -
1968 $1,946 - $616 -
1967 $1,734 - $576 -
1966 $1,788 - $545 -
1965 $1,688 - $506 -
1964 $1,625 - $481 -
1963 $1,485 - $420 -
1962 $1,293 - $388 -
1961 $1,696 - $374 -
1960 $1,452 - $355 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

Israel's GDP per capita is $60,337, ranking 19/197, compared to $13,889 in Mexico, ranking 76/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Israel ranks 36th at $57,236, while Mexico ranks 80th at $26,185.

Economic indicators

Israel Mexico
Gross domestic product
$611B
2025
$1.83T
2025
GDP rank
27/197
2025
14/197
2025
GDP growth
2.93%
2024-2025
0.56%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$60,337
2025
$13,889
2025
GDP per capita rank
19/197
2025
76/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$57,236
2024
$26,185
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
36/197
2024
80/197
2024
Government debt
$418B
2025
$1.13T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
68.5%
2025
61.8%
2025
Government debt per person
$41,338
2025
$8,577
2025
Government debt per person rank
16/185
2025
66/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$48,251
2026
$10,482
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$331B
2024
$560B
2025
Number of millionaires
195,000
2026
333,000
2026
Number of billionaires
42
2026
22
2026
Income share by richest 10%
27%
2022
33.4%
2024
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2022
2.1%
2024
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.6%
2025
29.8%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.04%
2024-2025
3.81%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.75%
2026
6.5%
2026
Unemployment rate
3%
2025
2.54%
2025
Population
10334048
133551566

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Israel
Spending

Debt
Mexico
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Israel Mexico
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 43.6% 68.5% 29.8% 61.8%
2024 43.7% 67.7% 30.8% 59.1%
2023 39.6% 61.3% 28.6% 52.8%
2022 36.9% 60.3% 28.5% 53.8%
2021 40.1% 67.7% 26.7% 56.7%
2020 44.8% 71.1% 27.8% 58.5%
2019 38.7% 59.3% 25.3% 51.9%
2018 39.2% 60.1% 25% 52.2%
2017 38.4% 59.8% 25% 52.5%
2016 37.9% 61.7% 26.5% 55%
2015 37.6% 62.8% 26.6% 51%
2014 38.3% 65.8% 26.9% 47.1%
2013 39.7% 66% 26.7% 44.1%
2012 39.6% 66.9% 27% 40.8%
2011 39.3% 67.2% 26.6% 41.2%
2010 39.7% 69% 26.5% 40.2%
2009 41.4% 72.6% 26.5% 41.7%
2008 41.2% 70.2% 26.5% 40.6%
2007 40.2% 70.8% 22.5% 35.5%
2006 41.6% 77.7% 21.6% 35.8%
2005 42.3% 85.2% 21.2% 36.8%
2004 43% 88.3% 20.5% 38.9%
2003 45.4% 89.7% 21.5% 42.1%
2002 50% 87.2% 19.8% 39.9%
2001 46.1% 81.1% 19.5% 37.3%
2000 43.4% 77.2% 19.4% 38.5%
1999 53.6% 94.8% 20.1% 41.7%
1998 55% 101% 19.5% 39.7%
1997 52.6% 99.3% 20.7% 39.1%
1996 53.2% 100.3% 20.8% 42.5%
1995 52.8% 102.3% 18.9% 30.7%
1994 41.7% 110.2% 18.9% 26.8%
1993 42.2% 118.3% 18.2% 19.2%
1992 44.1% 119.6% 19% 21.5%
1991 34.4% 123.7% 20.1% 29.2%
1990 46.8% 138.3% 22.9% 35.7%
1989 47.5% 147.4% 19.2% 36%
1988 46.5% 145.4% 23.6% 36.5%
1987 52.8% 143.2% 26.7% 52.7%
1986 55.7% 162.5% 25.1% 47.8%
1985 65.2% 199% 21.4% 30.4%
1984 - 284% 19.8% 25.2%
1983 - 260.5% 21.6% 25.3%
1982 69.7% - 24.7% 29.8%
1981 71.8% - 20.1% 41.7%
1980 69.4% 154.3% 17.5% 31.4%
1979 70.1% 155.5% 16.5% 35.8%
1978 62.2% 133.6% 15.7% 39%
1977 69.1% 142% 15.5% 41.5%
1976 66.3% 97.4% 15.5% 31.3%
1975 62% 85.1% 14.7% 24.4%
1974 - 79.8% 13.8% 21.7%
1973 - 62.1% 12.7% 20%
1972 - 63.9% 11.9% 17.9%
1971 - - 10.6% 17%
1970 41.6% - 10.9% 17.1%
1969 41.1% - 11.8% 10.7%
1968 39.4% - 10.9% 7.85%
1967 33.9% - 10.4% 8.22%
1966 29.6% - 11.6% 5.14%
1965 27.8% - 10.7% 9.99%
1964 28.2% - 9.21% 6.22%
1963 26.9% - 8.51% 4.13%
1962 27.7% - 8.26% 4.2%
1961 30.3% - 8.01% 4.38%
1960 30.4% - 9.5% 4.58%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government spending was $266B, accounting for 43.6% of its GDP, while Mexico spent $547B, or 29.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 68.5% in Israel and 61.8% in Mexico, ranking 60/185 and 73/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Israel

Mexico
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Israel Mexico
2025 -5.22% -4.86%
2024 -8.07% -5.78%
2023 -5.38% -4.3%
2022 0.3% -4.32%
2021 -3.37% -3.75%
2020 -10.6% -4.29%
2019 -3.79% -2.27%
2018 -3.58% -2.14%
2017 -1.17% -1.03%
2016 -1.78% -2.68%
2015 -1.2% -3.86%
2014 -2.28% -4.37%
2013 -4.07% -3.56%
2012 -4.46% -3.57%
2011 -3.43% -3.2%
2010 -3.72% -3.8%
2009 -6.53% -3.94%
2008 -3.49% -0.68%
2007 -0.43% -1.46%
2006 -0.94% -1.23%
2005 -2.74% -1.43%
2004 -3.4% -1.35%
2003 -5.03% -2.24%
2002 -8.21% -2.18%
2001 -4.06% -2.57%
2000 -0.8% -2.69%
1999 -6.26% -4.49%
1998 -7.99% -4.49%
1997 -4.84% -3.48%
1996 -5.97% -3.66%
1995 -4.28% -2.28%
1994 -5.62% -2.25%
1993 -5.62% -1.51%
1992 -8% 2.26%
1991 -7.04% 1.49%
1990 -9.67% -3.11%
1989 -9.03% -4.75%
1988 -7.57% -8.76%
1987 -7.47% -11.6%
1986 -7.51% -11.2%
1985 -14.2% -7.2%
1984 - -5.79%
1983 - -6.03%
1982 -13.8% -11.4%
1981 -23.5% -4.9%
1980 -19.6% -1.75%
1979 -16.7% -2.15%
1978 -14.7% -1.88%
1977 -20.3% -2.43%
1976 -19.4% -3.14%
1975 -19.6% -2.64%
1974 - -3.33%
1973 - -2.75%
1972 - -2.3%
1971 - -1.43%
1970 -16% -1.71%
1969 -15.3% -2.74%
1968 -11.7% -2.06%
1967 -7.68% -2.12%
1966 -4.35% -3.2%
1965 -2.72% -2.51%
1964 -3.65% -1.44%
1963 -4.41% -0.92%
1962 -4.09% -0.79%
1961 -5.86% -0.88%
1960 -6.62% -1.36%
1959 -7.23% -0.73%
1958 -8.31% 0.24%
1957 -7.17% -0.03%
1956 -9.3% 0.52%
1955 -4.3% 0.6%
1954 -7.84% -0.94%
1953 -8.32% -0.58%
1952 -7.19% 0.42%
1951 -8.13% -0.26%
1950 -10.7% -0.2%
1949 - 0.44%
1948 - -1.55%
1947 - -0.93%
1946 - 0.66%
1945 - -1.11%
1944 - -1.12%
1943 - 0.05%
1942 - -0.93%
1941 - -0.26%
1940 - -0.4%
1939 - -0.06%
1938 - -0.91%
1937 - -0.41%
1936 - -0.39%
1935 - 0.26%
1934 - 0.72%
1933 - -0.58%
1932 - 0%
1931 - 0.71%
1930 - 0.21%
1929 - 0.95%
1928 - 0.24%
1927 - -0.3%
1926 - -0.29%
1925 - 0.46%
1924 - 1.34%
1923 - 1.02%
1922 - 1.13%
1921 - 0.64%
1920 - 0.91%
1919 - 0.41%
1918 - -0.19%
1917 - 0.63%
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 - 0.28%
1912 - -0.79%
1911 - -0.31%
1910 - 0.1%
1909 - 0.15%
1908 - -0.08%
1907 - 0.43%
1906 - 0.72%
1905 - 0.35%
1904 - 1.09%
1903 - 3.82%
1902 - 0.42%
1901 - 0.62%
1900 - 0.76%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

In 2025, Israel's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $31.9B, equivalent to 5.22% of GDP. This compares to Mexico's deficit of $89B, or 4.86% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Israel recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Mexico ran a deficit in 64 years. On average, Israel posted an annual deficit equal to 7.31% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.25% of GDP for Mexico.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Israel

Mexico
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Israel Mexico
2025 3.04% 3.81%
2024 3.07% 4.72%
2023 4.23% 5.53%
2022 4.41% 7.9%
2021 1.48% 5.69%
2020 -0.58% 3.4%
2019 0.82% 3.64%
2018 0.81% 4.9%
2017 0.25% 6.04%
2016 -0.54% 2.82%
2015 -0.62% 2.72%
2014 0.47% 4.02%
2013 1.59% 3.81%
2012 1.68% 4.11%
2011 3.49% 3.41%
2010 2.7% 4.16%
2009 3.37% 5.3%
2008 4.53% 5.12%
2007 0.47% 3.97%
2006 2.05% 3.63%
2005 1.34% 3.99%
2004 -0.42% 4.69%
2003 0.71% 4.55%
2002 5.8% 5.03%
2001 1.12% 6.37%
2000 1.03% 9.49%
1999 5.19% 16.6%
1998 5.49% 15.9%
1997 8.95% 20.6%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Israel has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.27%, compared with 6.07% in Mexico. In 2025, inflation was 3.04% in Israel and 3.81% in Mexico.

Top exports between countries

Israel
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $158M
Chemicals & pharma $106M
Manufacturing & construction services $55.3M
Raw materials & minerals $53.7M
Raw agricultural goods $34.2M
Textiles & consumer goods $18M
Wood & paper products $4.19M
Precious metals & jewellery $2.65M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.06M
Weapons & explosives $2.01M
Mexico
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $200M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $19.4M
Raw agricultural goods $5.2M
Chemicals & pharma $4.76M
Metals $2.97M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.81M
Miscellaneous $1.01M
Raw materials & minerals $325K
Precious metals & jewellery $46K
Wood & paper products $6K

Balance of trade

Israel Mexico
Current account balance
$8.53B
2025
-$8.2B
2025
Current account balance ranking
26/190
2025
171/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.4%
2025
-0.45%
2025
Goods imports
$102B
2025
$665B
2025
Goods exports
$76.2B
2025
$666B
2025
Service imports
$53.2B
2025
$75.4B
2025
Service exports
$92.4B
2025
$64B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.4%
2025
40.3%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.6%
2025
39.6%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Israel Mexico
Economic freedom 68.4 59.8
Economic freedom ranking 47/197 102/197
Property rights 73.1 37.6
Government integrity 66.2 28.8
Judicial effectiveness 68.1 40.4
Tax burden 60.2 75.4
Government spending 52 74.6
Fiscal health 60.8 56.7
Business freedom 72.4 67
Labor freedom 56.8 57.3
Monetary freedom 78.2 70.6
Trade freedom 82.8 74.2
Investment freedom 70 75
Financial freedom 80 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Israel
Mexico
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Israel Mexico
2026 68.4 59.8
2025 69.9 61.3
2024 70.1 62
2023 68.9 63.2
2022 68 63.7
2021 73.8 65.5
2020 74 66
2019 72.8 64.7
2018 72.2 64.8
2017 69.7 63.6
2016 70.7 65.2
2015 70.5 66.4
2014 68.4 66.8
2013 66.9 67
2012 67.8 65.3
2011 68.5 67.8
2010 67.7 68.3
2009 67.6 65.8
2008 66.3 66.2
2007 64.8 66
2006 64.4 64.7
2005 62.6 65.2
2004 61.4 66
2003 62.7 65.3
2002 66.9 63
2001 66.1 60.6
2000 65.5 59.3
1999 68.3 58.5
1998 68 57.9
1997 62.7 57.1
1996 62 61.2
1995 61.5 63.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Israel is 68.4, ranking 47/197, compared to 59.8 for Mexico, ranking 102/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Israel Mexico
Services, % of GDP
72.8%
2024
58.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
17.2%
2024
30.6%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.29%
2024
3.88%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$569B
2025
$1.81T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$58,870
2025
$25,070
2025
Total reserves including gold
$229B
2025
$256B
2025
Total reserves ranking
18/177
2025
17/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.8B
2025
-$31.8B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$14.8B
2024
$45.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$9.92B
2024
$13B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.77%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
22%
2020
29.6%
2024
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2025
22.6%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/israel/mexico | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.