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Economy of Jamaica vs Mozambique compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Jamaica has a GDP of $19.9B compared to $22.4B for Mozambique, ranking 130/197 and 123/197 by economy size, respectively.

Jamaica has $13.9B in government debt (65.3% of GDP), compared to $21.7B (101.1% of GDP) in Mozambique.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Jamaica
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Mozambique
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Jamaica Mozambique
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $699,064,380 - - -
1961 $748,043,501 - - -
1962 $777,727,689 - - -
1963 $826,706,669 - - -
1964 $897,949,001 - - -
1965 $972,159,611 - - -
1966 $1,096,759,561 $7,024,390,231 - -
1967 $1,148,014,311 $7,151,436,058 - -
1968 $1,083,839,133 $7,562,224,001 - -
1969 $1,191,239,047 $7,983,793,326 - -
1970 $1,404,720,442 $8,946,990,810 - -
1971 $1,539,861,816 $9,166,914,416 - -
1972 $1,875,146,587 $10,817,743,267 - -
1973 $1,905,917,553 $10,224,334,976 - -
1974 $2,375,122,375 $9,791,921,133 - -
1975 $2,860,442,750 $9,766,844,781 - -
1976 $2,966,042,856 $9,113,028,254 - -
1977 $3,249,733,140 $8,876,312,907 - -
1978 $2,644,527,822 $8,871,546,299 - -
1979 $2,425,064,229 $8,777,504,243 - -
1980 $2,679,379,372 $8,275,943,672 - $2,851,825,334
1981 $2,979,027,966 $8,494,382,902 - $2,994,416,685
1982 $3,293,496,312 $8,670,151,359 - $2,787,801,951
1983 $3,619,262,277 $8,835,671,346 - $2,350,116,988
1984 $2,373,564,549 $8,699,394,740 - $2,197,359,386
1985 $2,100,239,019 $8,443,316,262 - $2,219,332,908
1986 $2,754,549,582 $8,602,269,136 - $2,168,288,339
1987 $3,287,007,322 $9,277,577,786 - $2,487,026,735
1988 $3,828,342,820 $9,646,296,747 - $2,690,962,807
1989 $4,404,937,853 $10,338,254,971 - $2,865,875,512
1990 $4,592,208,087 $10,772,517,002 - $2,894,534,062
1991 $4,106,207,649 $11,293,717,094 $3,854,856,435 $3,037,102,926
1992 $3,535,460,090 $11,514,570,532 $2,798,696,511 $2,806,992,351
1993 $5,440,075,676 $12,598,909,449 $2,883,161,897 $3,114,089,525
1994 $5,452,558,947 $12,773,201,477 $2,958,108,170 $3,314,642,611
1995 $6,577,520,643 $13,073,366,225 $3,061,646,174 $3,385,008,954
1996 $7,393,891,921 $13,058,497,728 $4,030,146,135 $3,747,066,498
1997 $8,400,041,724 $12,909,570,801 $4,873,663,775 $4,189,780,379
1998 $8,787,195,622 $12,608,189,959 $5,551,118,149 $4,624,228,448
1999 $8,887,057,997 $12,740,282,670 $6,285,219,691 $5,170,672,900
2000 $9,005,064,475 $12,852,231,986 $5,930,685,215 $5,210,292,404
2001 $9,194,727,831 $13,025,085,454 $5,650,154,067 $5,879,902,616
2002 $9,719,009,495 $13,285,234,306 $5,950,769,427 $6,448,401,314
2003 $9,430,234,811 $13,772,313,189 $6,583,526,861 $6,913,827,632
2004 $10,174,664,854 $13,954,620,755 $7,937,255,565 $7,481,086,790
2005 $11,243,865,778 $14,079,346,868 $8,868,504,900 $7,953,294,767
2006 $11,930,179,090 $14,487,524,782 $9,509,835,537 $8,741,520,167
2007 $12,799,600,047 $14,694,979,478 $10,811,456,006 $9,410,189,984
2008 $13,709,401,520 $14,575,694,936 $12,920,340,965 $10,057,425,621
2009 $12,120,458,115 $13,942,336,993 $12,263,894,790 $10,653,727,557
2010 $13,220,549,908 $13,739,176,618 $11,411,894,724 $11,365,367,724
2011 $14,444,661,522 $13,976,916,070 $14,619,279,989 $12,176,179,698
2012 $14,807,086,556 $13,891,148,676 $16,688,114,144 $13,149,604,768
2013 $14,264,205,153 $13,963,061,209 $17,198,073,057 $14,013,719,723
2014 $13,899,217,680 $14,059,381,527 $17,978,246,586 $15,093,136,077
2015 $14,188,936,918 $14,188,936,918 $16,208,985,770 $16,208,985,770
2016 $14,077,096,677 $14,384,066,451 $12,069,051,237 $16,970,320,250
2017 $14,808,985,133 $14,527,493,295 $13,264,640,646 $17,418,032,490
2018 $15,730,792,876 $14,802,051,831 $15,017,358,953 $18,025,039,082
2019 $15,830,766,531 $14,934,129,304 $15,512,759,047 $18,442,825,952
2020 $13,812,421,836 $13,452,615,522 $14,235,420,174 $18,217,911,540
2021 $14,657,586,159 $14,071,627,469 $16,168,055,475 $18,651,030,678
2022 $17,097,760,687 $14,806,380,290 $18,883,528,581 $19,465,045,725
2023 $19,423,355,367 $15,192,036,608 $20,954,220,984 $20,523,332,839
2024 $19,930,288,337 $15,082,835,198 $22,416,650,343 $20,903,378,791

Economic indicators

Jamaica Mozambique
Gross domestic product
$19.9B
2024
$22.4B
2024
GDP rank
130/197
2024
123/197
2024
GDP growth
2.61%
2023-2024
6.98%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,020
2024
$647
2024
GDP per capita rank
104/197
2024
190/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$11,662
2024
$1,700
2024
Government debt
$13.9B
2024
$21.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
65.3%
2025
101.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,908
2024
$625
2024
Government debt per person rank
79/185
2024
158/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,964
2025
$2,107
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$12.4B
2024
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
29.6%
2021
40.8%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.2%
2021
1.7%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.1%
2025
32.2%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.41%
2023-2024
4.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
5.75%
2025
10.3%
2025
Unemployment rate
3.02%
2023
6.79%
2022
Population
2837071
36441519

GDP per capita in Jamaica vs Mozambique

Jamaica's GDP per capita is $7,020, ranking 104/197, compared to $647 in Mozambique, ranking 190/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Jamaica ranks 127th at $11,662, while Mozambique ranks 193rd at $1,700.

Jamaica
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mozambique
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Jamaica Mozambique
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $424 - - -
1961 $447 - - -
1962 $458 - - -
1963 $480 - - -
1964 $514 - - -
1965 $549 - - -
1966 $612 - - -
1967 $633 - - -
1968 $591 - - -
1969 $642 - - -
1970 $748 - - -
1971 $809 - - -
1972 $971 - - -
1973 $972 - - -
1974 $1,193 - - -
1975 $1,417 - - -
1976 $1,450 - - -
1977 $1,569 - - -
1978 $1,262 - - -
1979 $1,144 - - -
1980 $1,249 - - -
1981 $1,370 - - -
1982 $1,494 - - -
1983 $1,619 - - -
1984 $1,048 - - -
1985 $917 - - -
1986 $1,191 - - -
1987 $1,411 - - -
1988 $1,632 - - -
1989 $1,865 - - -
1990 $1,930 $4,841 - $296
1991 $1,710 $5,201 $288.7 $315
1992 $1,458 $5,370 $205.6 $292
1993 $2,221 $5,954 $205.2 $321
1994 $2,203 $6,102 $196.8 $326
1995 $2,631 $6,313 $191.8 $321
1996 $2,929 $6,359 $244.4 $350
1997 $3,297 $6,336 $287.5 $387
1998 $3,419 $6,204 $320 $422
1999 $3,432 $6,309 $354 $468
2000 $3,453 $6,464 $327 $472
2001 $3,504 $6,656 $305 $533
2002 $3,681 $6,852 $314 $580
2003 $3,550 $7,200 $339 $620
2004 $3,808 $7,447 $400 $673
2005 $4,184 $7,707 $437 $721
2006 $4,417 $8,133 $457 $798
2007 $4,716 $8,432 $508 $862
2008 $5,030 $8,488 $592 $916
2009 $4,428 $8,135 $548 $951
2010 $4,810 $8,080 $496 $1,000
2011 $5,233 $8,353 $618 $1,064
2012 $5,341 $8,373 $686 $1,076
2013 $5,124 $8,630 $687 $1,114
2014 $4,975 $8,733 $697 $1,166
2015 $5,063 $8,986 $611 $1,318
2016 $5,010 $9,399 $441 $1,379
2017 $5,259 $9,820 $471 $1,283
2018 $5,578 $10,035 $518 $1,326
2019 $5,607 $10,084 $519 $1,389
2020 $4,879 $8,991 $462 $1,412
2021 $5,165 $9,577 $510 $1,457
2022 $6,022 $10,790 $578 $1,582
2023 $6,840 $11,467 $623 $1,678
2024 $7,020 $11,662 $647 $1,700

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Jamaica's government spending was $6.68B, accounting for 32.1% of its GDP, while Mozambique's spent $7.59B, or 32.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 65.3% in Jamaica and 101.1% in Mozambique, ranking 66/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Jamaica
Government spending

Government debt
Mozambique
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Jamaica Mozambique
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1980 - - 14.2% -
1981 - - 23.8% -
1982 - - 27% -
1983 - - 35.3% -
1984 - - 30.9% -
1985 - - 21% -
1986 - - 24.2% -
1987 - - 22.9% -
1988 - - 27% -
1989 - - 27% -
1990 26.3% 128.8% 21% -
1991 25.1% 175.1% 17.3% -
1992 20.5% 100.4% 21.1% -
1993 22.1% 106.2% 20.7% -
1994 22.1% 90.4% 22.9% -
1995 23.7% 85.2% 18.8% -
1996 28.4% 70.2% 14.9% -
1997 29% 74.4% 16.5% -
1998 29% 75.6% 14.9% -
1999 29.7% 85.6% 15.6% 94.7%
2000 26.9% 93.7% 17.2% 95.8%
2001 29.3% 110.7% 20.8% 99.8%
2002 31.9% 122.2% 18.6% 63.4%
2003 33.3% 128.8% 18.6% 63.2%
2004 32.4% 123.3% 17.8% 50.8%
2005 30% 127.7% 17% 60.1%
2006 32% 121.1% 20.1% 40%
2007 32.4% 118.2% 20.9% 31.2%
2008 35.3% 128.9% 21.3% 32.8%
2009 39.6% 145.2% 25.7% 39.3%
2010 33.7% 143.7% 26.6% 38.6%
2011 32.5% 141.7% 28.9% 34.2%
2012 30.4% 146.7% 28.1% 36.7%
2013 27.6% 141.7% 31.7% 49.5%
2014 27.2% 140.3% 39.7% 63.4%
2015 27.8% 124% 32.2% 86%
2016 28.6% 115.4% 28.7% 124.8%
2017 29.1% 103% 28.6% 103.8%
2018 29.8% 95.6% 31.2% 105.5%
2019 29.9% 94.7% 28% 98.3%
2020 32.3% 108.7% 33.9% 120%
2021 31.6% 99% 32.1% 104.3%
2022 31.3% 80.9% 32.9% 100.3%
2023 30.9% 74.2% 33.3% 90.8%
2024 33.5% 69.9% 33.9% 96.6%
2025 32.1% 65.3% 32.2% 101.1%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Jamaica's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $52M, equivalent to 0.26% of GDP. This compares to Mozambique's deficit of -$1.43B, or -6.38% of GDP.

Over the past 34 years, Jamaica recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Mozambique ran a deficit in 33 years. On average, Jamaica posted an annual deficit equal to -2.33% of GDP, compared to deficit of -3.38% of GDP for Mozambique.

Deficit/surplus
Jamaica

Mozambique
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Jamaica Mozambique
1980 - -1.47%
1981 - -7.41%
1982 - -3.61%
1983 - -15.8%
1984 - -13.4%
1985 - -9.69%
1986 - -12.1%
1987 - -7.24%
1988 - -6.47%
1989 - -4.23%
1990 2.4% -4.42%
1991 3.97% -2.01%
1992 3.19% -1.85%
1993 2.66% -2.53%
1994 2.66% -4%
1995 1.65% -2.46%
1996 -5.45% -2.07%
1997 -6.71% -1.81%
1998 -5.97% -1.08%
1999 -3.62% -0.31%
2000 -0.82% -1.26%
2001 -5.01% -4.43%
2002 -6.94% -3.36%
2003 -5.82% -2.64%
2004 -4.8% -3.17%
2005 -3.39% -2.06%
2006 -5.03% -3.03%
2007 -3.92% -2.19%
2008 -7.62% -1.9%
2009 -11.4% -4.35%
2010 -6.44% -3.4%
2011 -6.51% -4.34%
2012 -4.16% -3.45%
2013 0.12% -2.46%
2014 -0.5% -9.75%
2015 -0.29% -6.55%
2016 -0.2% -5.06%
2017 0.46% -1.99%
2018 1.2% -5.7%
2019 0.92% 1.7%
2020 -3.08% -6.19%
2021 0.97% -5.23%
2022 0.3% -5.22%
2023 0.04% -4.23%
2024 0.26% -6.38%
2025 0.009% -5.58%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Jamaica has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 8.86%, compared with 9.7% in Mozambique. In 2024, inflation was 5.41% in Jamaica and 4.9% in Mozambique.

Inflation
Jamaica

Mozambique
Year Inflation
Jamaica Mozambique Jamaica Mozambique
1996 26.4% 48.5%
1997 9.66% 7.4%
1998 8.63% 1.5%
1999 5.95% 2.9%
2000 8.17% 12.7%
2001 6.8% 9.1%
2002 7.08% 16.8%
2003 10.1% 13.5%
2004 13.6% 12.6%
2005 15.1% 6.4%
2006 8.56% 13.2%
2007 9.24% 10.4%
2008 22% 14.5%
2009 9.59% 3.8%
2010 12.6% 12.4%
2011 7.56% 11.2%
2012 6.87% 2.6%
2013 9.34% 4.3%
2014 8.27% 2.6%
2015 3.69% 3.6%
2016 2.35% 18.4%
2017 4.38% 15.8%
2018 3.74% 3.2%
2019 3.91% 5.7%
2020 5.23% 0.9%
2021 5.86% 6.6%
2022 10.3% 10.4%
2023 6.47% 7%
2024 5.41% 3.2%
2025 - 4.9%

Top exports between countries

Jamaica
Export category Export value
Mozambique
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $18K
Textiles & consumer goods $8K

Balance of trade

Jamaica Mozambique
Current account balance
$679M
2024
-$2.49B
2024
Current account balance ranking
55/189
2024
148/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+3.41%
2024
-11.1%
2024
Goods imports
$6.07B
2024
$8.38B
2024
Goods exports
$1.87B
2024
$8.21B
2024
Service imports
$3.46B
2024
$2.11B
2024
Service exports
$5.26B
2024
$1.15B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
52.1%
2019
52.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
38%
2019
42.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Jamaica Mozambique
Economic freedom 68.7 50.7
Economic freedom ranking 46/197 163/197
Property rights 67.8 31.6
Government integrity 49.5 24.9
Judicial effectiveness 79.9 44.9
Tax burden 76.5 75.4
Government spending 72.8 68.8
Fiscal health 89 51.9
Business freedom 70.1 37.3
Labor freedom 64.4 47.7
Monetary freedom 72.8 72.3
Trade freedom 71.8 74
Investment freedom 60 40
Financial freedom 50 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Jamaica is 68.7, ranking 46/197, compared to 50.7 for Mozambique, ranking 163/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Jamaica
Mozambique
Year Economic freedom index
Jamaica Mozambique
1995 64.4 45.5
1996 66.7 48.4
1997 67.7 44
1998 67.1 43
1999 64.7 48.9
2000 65.5 52.2
2001 63.7 59.2
2002 61.7 57.7
2003 67 58.6
2004 66.7 57.2
2005 67 54.6
2006 66.4 51.9
2007 65.5 54.7
2008 65.7 55.4
2009 65.2 55.7
2010 65.5 56
2011 65.7 56.8
2012 65.1 57.1
2013 66.8 55
2014 66.7 55
2015 67.7 54.8
2016 67.5 53.2
2017 69.5 49.9
2018 69.1 46.3
2019 68.6 48.6
2020 68.5 50.5
2021 69 51.6
2022 67.4 51.3
2023 68.1 52.5
2024 68.1 50.7
2025 68.7 50.7

More economic indicators

Jamaica Mozambique
Services, % of GDP
60.3%
2024
38.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
18.3%
2024
24.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
9.8%
2024
26.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$18.4B
2024
$18.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$11,410
2024
$1,510
2024
Total reserves including gold
$5.63B
2024
$3.84B
2024
Total reserves ranking
93/177
2024
108/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$304M
2024
-$3.55B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$305M
2024
$3.51B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$1.07M
2024
-$44.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
12.7%
2023
22.7%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
8.2%
2023
65%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
24.3%
2019
24.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.