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Economy of Canada vs Senegal compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $32.8B for Senegal, ranking 9/197 and 109/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $42.1B (128.4% of GDP) in Senegal.

Canada vs Senegal GDP by year

Canada
Senegal
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Senegal
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $32,808,056,601
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $30,696,331,296
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $27,783,332,223
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $27,520,784,130
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $24,530,513,038
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $23,403,995,992
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $23,116,701,556
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $20,996,562,944
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $19,040,312,333
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $17,774,766,696
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $19,797,253,440
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $18,918,667,725
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $17,660,870,412
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $17,814,283,639
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $16,121,315,909
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $16,145,867,495
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $16,853,989,628
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $13,994,218,413
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $11,697,918,243
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $11,009,033,438
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $10,076,816,667
2003 $895,540,646,635 $8,768,721,563
2002 $760,649,334,098 $7,006,402,320
2001 $738,981,792,355 $6,507,824,829
2000 $744,773,415,932 $6,013,185,004
1999 $678,412,196,271 $6,592,834,933
1998 $634,000,000,000 $6,505,607,909
1997 $654,986,999,856 $6,041,478,726
1996 $630,607,994,133 $6,559,712,166
1995 $605,961,090,061 $6,326,342,633
1994 $579,944,346,807 $5,034,588,196
1993 $579,053,561,739 $7,367,986,241
1992 $594,387,358,319 $7,769,817,840
1991 $612,527,712,316 $7,255,210,470
1990 $596,075,591,361 $7,390,967,360
1989 $567,211,993,243 $6,366,039,373
1988 $509,380,027,627 $6,418,419,389
1987 $433,134,238,311 $6,487,353,103
1986 $379,006,836,992 $5,392,093,446
1985 $366,186,012,450 $3,818,944,918
1984 $356,718,400,124 $3,485,165,432
1983 $341,866,277,183 $3,569,356,125
1982 $314,647,807,409 $4,013,951,443
1981 $307,246,642,756 $4,095,892,781
1980 $274,776,566,028 $4,510,108,291
1979 $243,891,124,296 $4,084,877,823
1978 $219,369,542,386 $3,280,354,921
1977 $212,325,176,305 $2,938,046,463
1976 $207,271,612,576 $2,869,777,884
1975 $174,419,757,177 $2,830,388,405
1974 $160,949,188,139 $2,099,325,229
1973 $131,764,343,566 $1,863,398,590
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,620,857,104
1971 $99,606,454,744 $1,339,549,033
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,297,407,655
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,245,234,931
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,309,384,862
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,246,480,766
1966 $61,252,415,405 $1,246,908,186
1965 $54,649,410,479 $1,210,058,228
1964 $49,503,663,836 $1,188,930,645
1963 $45,140,337,827 $1,122,139,862
1962 $42,336,211,556 $1,085,475,791
1961 $41,038,192,838 $1,058,975,257
1960 $40,563,768,947 $1,003,692,370

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Senegal by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Senegal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Senegal
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $1,773 $5,071
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $1,698 $4,778
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $1,574 $4,530
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $1,598 $4,174
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $1,461 $3,753
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $1,431 $3,648
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $1,453 $3,380
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $1,357 $3,234
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $1,266 $3,101
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $1,218 $2,994
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,399 $2,854
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,380 $2,769
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $1,327 $2,764
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $1,375 $2,685
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $1,276 $2,663
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $1,309 $2,606
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $1,399 $2,581
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $1,189 $2,499
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $1,017 $2,422
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $980 $2,350
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $918 $2,236
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $818 $2,131
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $669 $2,027
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $637 $2,044
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $603 $1,963
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $678 $1,893
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $685 $1,798
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $651 $1,719
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $723 $1,679
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $715 $1,656
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $584 $1,578
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $878 $1,588
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $951 $1,573
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $913 $1,561
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $957 $1,513
1989 $20,795 - $849 -
1988 $19,013 - $880 -
1987 $16,378 - $916 -
1986 $14,521 - $784 -
1985 $14,170 - $571 -
1984 $13,930 - $536 -
1983 $13,477 - $564 -
1982 $12,527 - $652 -
1981 $12,379 - $683 -
1980 $11,208 - $772 -
1979 $10,078 - $716 -
1978 $9,154 - $589 -
1977 $8,949 - $540 -
1976 $8,839 - $541 -
1975 $7,537 - $547 -
1974 $7,057 - $417 -
1973 $5,858 - $381 -
1972 $5,107 - $342 -
1971 $4,535 - $291.1 -
1970 $4,136 - $290.5 -
1969 $3,776 - $287.3 -
1968 $3,473 - $311 -
1967 $3,226 - $305 -
1966 $3,055 - $315 -
1965 $2,777 - $314 -
1964 $2,562 - $318 -
1963 $2,380 - $309 -
1962 $2,274 - $307 -
1961 $2,246 - $308 -
1960 $2,265 - $300 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $1,773 in Senegal, ranking 159/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Senegal ranks 158th at $5,071.

Economic indicators

Canada Senegal
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$32.8B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
6.06%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$1,773
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
159/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$5,071
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
158/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$42.1B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
128.4%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$2,277
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
115/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$2,194
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
28.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
33.5%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
0.8%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
5.78%
2024
Population
42181965
19491599

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Senegal
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Senegal
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 33.5% 128.4%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 35.5% 118.4%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 36.2% 105%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 33.6% 98.6%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 29.6% 90.2%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 34.3% 81.5%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 22.6% 61.5%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 22.5% 61.1%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 24% 47.5%
2015 40% 92% 22.9% 44.5%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 23.1% 42.4%
2013 40% 87.6% 22.1% 36.9%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 23% 34.5%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 23.3% 32.9%
2010 43.1% 84% 21.7% 34.6%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 21.1% 29.9%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 20.9% 19.1%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 22.2% 19%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 21.3% 17.5%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 18.7% 36.1%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 18.1% 38%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 17.1% 42.9%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 15.5% 52%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 15.7% 53.2%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 14% 57.5%
1999 41.8% 89% 14.6% 15%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 13.5% 18.8%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 14.1% 67.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 15.4% 0.07%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 14.4% 65.3%
1994 49% 97.5% 15.9% 77.3%
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Senegal spent $11B, or 33.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 128.4% in Senegal, ranking 15/185 and 11/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Senegal
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Senegal
2024 -2.01% -13.4%
2023 0.07% -14.8%
2022 0.56% -16.1%
2021 -3.06% -13.7%
2020 -10.9% -9.64%
2019 -0.02% -13.9%
2018 0.36% -3.66%
2017 -0.11% -2.97%
2016 -0.45% -3.27%
2015 -0.06% -3.66%
2014 0.17% -3.9%
2013 -1.49% -4.34%
2012 -2.52% -4.18%
2011 -3.31% -4.92%
2010 -4.74% -3.94%
2009 -3.88% -3.66%
2008 0.18% -3.53%
2007 1.82% -2.8%
2006 1.83% -3.67%
2005 1.55% -0.26%
2004 0.77% 0.18%
2003 -0.13% -0.52%
2002 -0.23% 0.19%
2001 0.53% -1.44%
2000 2.64% 0.78%
1999 1.66% -0.62%
1998 0.14% 0.93%
1997 0.04% 0.98%
1996 -3.05% 0.92%
1995 -5.49% 2.41%
1994 -6.94% 5.9%
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Senegal's deficit of $4.4B, or 13.4% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 17 of those years, while Senegal ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.17% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.89% of GDP for Senegal.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Senegal
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Senegal
2024 2.38% 0.8%
2023 3.88% 5.94%
2022 6.8% 9.7%
2021 3.4% 2.18%
2020 0.72% 2.54%
2019 1.95% 1.76%
2018 2.27% 0.46%
2017 1.6% 1.32%
2016 1.43% 0.84%
2015 1.13% 0.14%
2014 1.91% -1.09%
2013 0.94% 0.71%
2012 1.52% 1.42%
2011 2.91% 3.4%
2010 1.78% 1.23%
2009 0.3% -2.25%
2008 2.37% 7.35%
2007 2.14% 5.85%
2006 2% 2.11%
2005 2.21% 1.71%
2004 1.86% 0.51%
2003 2.76% -0.05%
2002 2.26% 2.34%
2001 2.53% 2.97%
2000 2.72% 0.73%
1999 1.73% 0.83%
1998 1% 1.16%
1997 1.62% 1.75%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 2.01% in Senegal. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 0.8% in Senegal.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $58.1M
Transport & tourism services $52.8M
Raw agricultural goods $2.9M
Wood & paper products $1.87M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.86M
Miscellaneous $1.44M
Chemicals & pharma $836K
Weapons & explosives $695K
Raw materials & minerals $692K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $387K
Senegal
Export category Export value
Animal & marine products $849K
Machinery & equipment $822K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $465K
Textiles & consumer goods $140K
Raw agricultural goods $94K
Chemicals & pharma $52K
Metals $17K
Raw materials & minerals $9K
Wood & paper products $3K
Precious metals & jewellery $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Senegal
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$6.07B
2023
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
170/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-19.8%
2023
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$10.8B
2023
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$5.52B
2023
Service imports
$160B
2024
$4.08B
2023
Service exports
$159B
2024
$1.48B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
43.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
24.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Senegal
Economic freedom 75.6 53.2
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 140/197
Property rights 85.9 57.4
Government integrity 85.5 47.3
Judicial effectiveness 96 50.5
Tax burden 74.7 68.8
Government spending 45.9 63.1
Fiscal health 79.7 0
Business freedom 84.2 55.2
Labor freedom 68.3 54.4
Monetary freedom 73.8 74.3
Trade freedom 83.2 67
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Senegal
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Senegal
2026 75.6 53.2
2025 75.5 56.4
2024 72.4 55.4
2023 73.7 57.7
2022 76.6 60
2021 77.9 58
2020 78.2 58
2019 77.7 56.3
2018 77.7 55.7
2017 78.5 55.9
2016 78 58.1
2015 79.1 57.8
2014 80.2 55.4
2013 79.4 55.5
2012 79.9 55.4
2011 80.8 55.7
2010 80.4 54.6
2009 80.5 56.3
2008 80.2 58.3
2007 78 58.1
2006 77.4 56.2
2005 75.8 57.9
2004 75.3 58.9
2003 74.8 58.1
2002 74.6 58.6
2001 71.2 58.7
2000 70.5 58.9
1999 69.3 60.6
1998 68.5 59.7
1997 67.9 58.1
1996 70.3 58.2
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 53.2 for Senegal, ranking 140/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Senegal
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
48.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
25%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
16.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$31.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$4,920
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$4.72B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$2.02B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$48.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.8%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
37.5%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/senegal | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1995, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.