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Economy of Canada vs Mauritius compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $14.9B for Mauritius, ranking 9/197 and 143/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $13.6B (91.1% of GDP) in Mauritius.

Canada vs Mauritius GDP by year

Canada
Mauritius
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Mauritius
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $14,937,861,786
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $14,072,212,290
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $12,936,444,123
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $11,622,048,697
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $11,566,111,138
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $14,645,235,205
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $14,957,535,716
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $13,896,938,315
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $12,757,680,847
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $12,162,211,503
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $13,230,490,082
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $12,434,596,541
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $11,832,323,837
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $11,677,718,382
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $10,144,716,155
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $9,264,513,545
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $10,127,777,060
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $8,277,442,915
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $7,137,710,413
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $6,576,108,447
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $6,667,418,752
2003 $895,540,646,635 $5,894,873,920
2002 $760,649,334,098 $4,906,494,249
2001 $738,981,792,355 $4,675,755,867
2000 $744,773,415,932 $4,726,108,622
1999 $678,412,196,271 $4,402,193,195
1998 $634,000,000,000 $4,225,813,976
1997 $654,986,999,856 $4,243,755,308
1996 $630,607,994,133 $4,481,489,762
1995 $605,961,090,061 $4,094,741,652
1994 $579,944,346,807 $3,606,050,873
1993 $579,053,561,739 $3,307,302,126
1992 $594,387,358,319 $3,267,677,814
1991 $612,527,712,316 $2,895,354,736
1990 $596,075,591,361 $2,689,212,760
1989 $567,211,993,243 $2,211,312,823
1988 $509,380,027,627 $2,163,252,449
1987 $433,134,238,311 $1,906,174,438
1986 $379,006,836,992 $1,482,601,552
1985 $366,186,012,450 $1,090,611,325
1984 $356,718,400,124 $1,054,564,759
1983 $341,866,277,183 $1,104,956,573
1982 $314,647,807,409 $1,092,923,636
1981 $307,246,642,756 $1,157,769,444
1980 $274,776,566,028 $1,147,027,924
1979 $243,891,124,296 $1,227,446,632
1978 $219,369,542,386 $1,029,040,323
1977 $212,325,176,305 $834,722,972
1976 $207,271,612,576 $713,510,052
1975 $174,419,757,177 $673,311,287
1974 $160,949,188,139 $669,894,030
1973 $131,764,343,566 $404,285,775
1972 $113,463,848,874 $318,664,900
1971 $99,606,454,744 $251,437,338
1970 $88,192,257,632 $224,125,805
1969 $79,405,011,125 $221,553,613
1968 $72,048,833,006 $206,576,631
1967 $65,856,924,424 $238,439,291
1966 $61,252,415,405 $227,534,083
1965 $54,649,410,479 $230,024,161
1964 $49,503,663,836 $218,914,569
1963 $45,140,337,827 $253,839,558
1962 $42,336,211,556 $197,738,208
1961 $41,038,192,838 $191,757,729
1960 $40,563,768,947 $162,089,564

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Mauritius by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritius
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Mauritius
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $11,991 $31,840
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $11,270 $29,561
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $10,247 $26,874
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $9,178 $23,010
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $9,136 $21,622
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $11,568 $24,375
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $11,819 $23,416
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $10,987 $22,898
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $10,095 $21,952
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $9,631 $20,270
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $10,490 $19,294
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $9,877 $18,435
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $9,422 $17,259
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $9,324 $16,884
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $8,113 $15,920
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $7,427 $15,105
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $8,141 $14,569
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $6,677 $13,612
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $5,784 $12,593
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $5,354 $11,703
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $5,461 $11,216
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $4,858 $10,535
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $4,073 $9,824
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $3,909 $9,586
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $3,982 $9,143
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $3,746 $8,344
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $3,642 $8,121
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $3,696 $7,651
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $3,952 $7,206
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $3,648 $6,771
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $3,240 $6,414
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $3,014 $6,116
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $3,013 $5,753
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $2,705 $5,351
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $2,540 $5,010
1989 $20,795 - $2,103 -
1988 $19,013 - $2,074 -
1987 $16,378 - $1,840 -
1986 $14,521 - $1,442 -
1985 $14,170 - $1,069 -
1984 $13,930 - $1,042 -
1983 $13,477 - $1,103 -
1982 $12,527 - $1,101 -
1981 $12,379 - $1,181 -
1980 $11,208 - $1,187 -
1979 $10,078 - $1,292 -
1978 $9,154 - $1,102 -
1977 $8,949 - $906 -
1976 $8,839 - $787 -
1975 $7,537 - $755 -
1974 $7,057 - $763 -
1973 $5,858 - $467 -
1972 $5,107 - $374 -
1971 $4,535 - $299.6 -
1970 $4,136 - $271.3 -
1969 $3,776 - $272.7 -
1968 $3,473 - $258.7 -
1967 $3,226 - $304 -
1966 $3,055 - $296 -
1965 $2,777 - $305 -
1964 $2,562 - $297.3 -
1963 $2,380 - $353 -
1962 $2,274 - $282.3 -
1961 $2,246 - $281.7 -
1960 $2,265 - $238.3 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $11,991 in Mauritius, ranking 78/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Mauritius ranks 71st at $31,840.

Economic indicators

Canada Mauritius
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$14.9B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
143/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
4.93%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$11,991
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
78/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$31,840
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
71/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$13.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
91.1%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$10,929
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
54/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$7,203
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$9.12B
2024
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
29.9%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.9%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
33.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
3.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
5.21%
2024
Population
42181965
1240121

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Mauritius
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Mauritius
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 33.7% 91.1%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 29.9% 85.6%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 29.4% 86.9%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 30.8% 93.8%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 32.6% 93.4%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 27.8% 74.6%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 24.3% 64.1%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 24.3% 63%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 24% 64.3%
2015 40% 92% 24.5% 65%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 23% 60.6%
2013 40% 87.6% 24.1% 58.2%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 22.5% 55.9%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 23.7% 56.5%
2010 43.1% 84% 24% 56.4%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 25.2% 58.4%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 22.7% 49.4%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 21.5% 51.6%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 22.2% 59.3%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 23% 61.7%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 22.6% 61.1%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 23.4% 70.8%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 23.3% 66.7%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 22.4% 60.5%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 22.2% 59.7%
1999 41.8% 89% 27.5% -
1998 43.4% 93.3% 26.6% -
1997 43.5% 95.3% 27.5% -
1996 45.9% 100.2% 27.4% -
1995 47.7% 100.1% 27.3% -
1994 49% 97.5% 27.5% -
1993 51.5% 94.7% 24.5% -
1992 52.5% 88.2% 26.8% -
1991 51.4% 81.7% 27.2% -
1990 48.1% 73.7% 30.2% -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Mauritius spent $5.03B, or 33.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 91.1% in Mauritius, ranking 15/185 and 30/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Mauritius
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Mauritius
2024 -2.01% -7.47%
2023 0.07% -4.7%
2022 0.56% -3.34%
2021 -3.06% -4.45%
2020 -10.9% -10.6%
2019 -0.02% -7.53%
2018 0.36% -2.19%
2017 -0.11% -1.66%
2016 -0.45% -2.81%
2015 -0.06% -3.59%
2014 0.17% -3.13%
2013 -1.49% -3.4%
2012 -2.52% -1.78%
2011 -3.31% -3.09%
2010 -4.74% -3.07%
2009 -3.88% -3.41%
2008 0.18% -2.66%
2007 1.82% -3.09%
2006 1.83% -4.14%
2005 1.55% -4.44%
2004 0.77% -4.34%
2003 -0.13% -4.82%
2002 -0.23% -5.18%
2001 0.53% -5.53%
2000 2.64% -4.4%
1999 1.66% -
1998 0.14% -
1997 0.04% -
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Mauritius' deficit of $1.12B, or 7.47% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 14 of those years, while Mauritius ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 0.9% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.19% of GDP for Mauritius.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Mauritius
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Mauritius
2024 2.38% 3.6%
2023 3.88% 7.05%
2022 6.8% 10.8%
2021 3.4% 4.03%
2020 0.72% 2.58%
2019 1.95% 0.41%
2018 2.27% 3.22%
2017 1.6% 3.67%
2016 1.43% 0.98%
2015 1.13% 1.29%
2014 1.91% 3.22%
2013 0.94% 3.54%
2012 1.52% 3.85%
2011 2.91% 6.52%
2010 1.78% 2.93%
2009 0.3% 2.52%
2008 2.37% 9.73%
2007 2.14% 8.83%
2006 2% 8.91%
2005 2.21% 4.94%
2004 1.86% 4.71%
2003 2.76% 3.92%
2002 2.26% 6.42%
2001 2.53% 5.39%
2000 2.72% 4.2%
1999 1.73% 6.91%
1998 1% 6.81%
1997 1.62% 6.83%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 4.92% in Mauritius. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 3.6% in Mauritius.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Business & finance services $14.8M
Machinery & equipment $2.25M
Animal & marine products $1.49M
Raw agricultural goods $1.41M
Precious metals & jewellery $1.28M
Wood & paper products $1.14M
IT & IP services $800K
Chemicals & pharma $568K
Miscellaneous $113K
Metals $107K
Mauritius
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $789K
Chemicals & pharma $365K
Machinery & equipment $46K
Animal & marine products $44K
Wood & paper products $43K
Precious metals & jewellery $17K
Raw agricultural goods $11K
Raw materials & minerals $5K

Balance of trade

Canada Mauritius
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$1.05B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-7.03%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$6.35B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$2.37B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$4.19B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
67.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Mauritius
Economic freedom 75.6 73
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 26/197
Property rights 85.9 83.9
Government integrity 85.5 53.4
Judicial effectiveness 96 80.7
Tax burden 74.7 89.6
Government spending 45.9 73.8
Fiscal health 79.7 45.5
Business freedom 84.2 81.5
Labor freedom 68.3 69.6
Monetary freedom 73.8 70.7
Trade freedom 83.2 87
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Mauritius
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Mauritius
2026 75.6 73
2025 75.5 75
2024 72.4 71.5
2023 73.7 70.6
2022 76.6 70.9
2021 77.9 77
2020 78.2 74.9
2019 77.7 73
2018 77.7 75.1
2017 78.5 74.7
2016 78 74.7
2015 79.1 76.4
2014 80.2 76.5
2013 79.4 76.9
2012 79.9 77
2011 80.8 76.2
2010 80.4 76.3
2009 80.5 74.3
2008 80.2 72.6
2007 78 69.4
2006 77.4 67.4
2005 75.8 67.2
2004 75.3 64.3
2003 74.8 64.4
2002 74.6 67.7
2001 71.2 66.4
2000 70.5 67.2
1999 69.3 68.5
1998 68.5 -
1997 67.9 -
1996 70.3 -
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritius | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 73 for Mauritius, ranking 26/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Mauritius
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
64.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
17.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
4.23%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$16.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$35,100
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$8.51B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
83/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
$963M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$681M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$38.3M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
10.1%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
8.4%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2015–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.