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Economy of Bolivia vs Canada compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Bolivia has a GDP of $64.8B compared to $2.32T for Canada, ranking 88/197 and 10/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $54.9B in government debt (84.8% of GDP), compared to $2.63T (113.5% of GDP) in Canada.

Bolivia vs Canada GDP by year

Bolivia
Canada
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Canada
2025 $64,768,947,525 $2,319,899,772,426
2024 $54,881,327,453 $2,270,076,189,683
2023 $52,340,206,946 $2,196,593,836,347
2022 $50,959,081,954 $2,200,562,785,046
2021 $47,877,892,402 $2,022,377,950,897
2020 $42,313,784,081 $1,655,686,966,882
2019 $49,056,643,589 $1,743,728,952,157
2018 $48,414,038,842 $1,725,330,736,238
2017 $45,927,439,595 $1,649,269,496,515
2016 $33,941,126,194 $1,527,996,250,641
2015 $33,000,198,249 $1,556,510,380,200
2014 $32,996,188,017 $1,805,751,688,809
2013 $30,659,338,886 $1,846,583,831,414
2012 $27,084,497,482 $1,828,359,477,072
2011 $23,963,164,697 $1,793,335,727,901
2010 $19,649,723,722 $1,617,349,192,091
2009 $17,339,992,194 $1,374,627,766,600
2008 $16,674,276,286 $1,552,993,439,550
2007 $13,120,108,008 $1,468,820,407,783
2006 $11,451,844,902 $1,319,291,255,289
2005 $9,549,122,905 $1,173,118,501,403
2004 $8,773,451,752 $1,026,691,006,918
2003 $8,082,399,640 $895,542,074,085
2002 $7,905,485,146 $760,650,608,552
2001 $8,141,516,928 $738,981,792,355
2000 $8,397,855,485 $744,773,415,932
1999 $8,285,064,435 $678,414,215,521
1998 $8,497,494,652 $633,999,325,918
1997 $7,925,736,821 $654,987,722,086
1996 $7,396,949,126 $630,607,994,133
1995 $6,715,161,732 $605,961,090,061
1994 $5,981,222,859 $579,944,346,807
1993 $5,734,699,489 $579,053,561,739
1992 $5,643,868,749 $594,387,358,319
1991 $5,343,262,457 $612,527,712,316
1990 $4,867,582,598 $596,075,591,361
1989 $4,715,973,437 $567,211,993,243
1988 $4,597,612,362 $509,380,027,627
1987 $4,347,956,338 $433,134,238,311
1986 $3,959,382,833 $379,006,836,992
1985 $5,377,276,555 $366,186,012,450
1984 $6,169,483,225 $356,718,400,124
1983 $5,422,656,823 $341,866,277,183
1982 $5,594,126,369 $314,647,807,409
1981 $5,891,598,695 $307,246,642,756
1980 $4,537,479,608 $274,776,566,028
1979 $4,421,336,383 $243,891,124,296
1978 $3,758,220,890 $219,369,542,386
1977 $3,227,436,282 $212,325,176,305
1976 $2,731,984,008 $207,271,612,576
1975 $2,404,697,651 $174,419,757,177
1974 $2,100,249,875 $160,949,188,139
1973 $1,262,968,516 $131,764,343,566
1972 $1,257,615,645 $113,463,848,874
1971 $1,095,622,896 $99,606,454,744
1970 $1,017,003,367 $88,192,257,632
1969 $929,629,630 $79,405,011,125
1968 $857,912,458 $72,048,833,006
1967 $755,808,081 $65,856,924,424
1966 $669,191,919 $61,252,415,405
1965 $604,377,104 $54,649,410,479
1964 $544,023,569 $49,503,663,836
1963 $482,828,283 $45,140,337,827
1962 $448,400,673 $42,336,211,556
1961 $410,101,010 $41,038,192,838
1960 $377,020,202 $40,563,768,947

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Canada by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Canada
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $5,148 - $55,698 -
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $55,016 $64,610
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $54,848 $64,219
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $56,497 $63,944
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $52,887 $56,995
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $43,538 $48,591
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $46,353 $50,499
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $46,539 $49,983
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $45,130 $48,317
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $42,314 $46,471
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $43,594 $44,668
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $50,961 $45,758
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $52,638 $44,301
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $52,670 $42,292
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $52,224 $41,667
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $47,561 $40,103
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $40,875 $38,863
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $46,710 $40,376
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $44,660 $39,573
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $40,505 $38,123
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $36,384 $36,328
2004 $953 $4,663 $32,146 $33,929
2003 $893 $4,433 $28,302 $32,350
2002 $888 $4,304 $24,256 $30,964
2001 $930 $4,205 $23,822 $30,241
2000 $976 $4,113 $24,271 $29,348
1999 $979 $3,991 $22,315 $27,841
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $21,025 $26,324
1997 $970 $3,822 $21,902 $25,264
1996 $922 $3,645 $21,297 $24,055
1995 $853 $3,494 $20,680 $23,474
1994 $774 $3,331 $19,998 $22,624
1993 $757 $3,177 $20,187 $21,432
1992 $760 $3,036 $20,950 $20,619
1991 $734 $2,981 $21,847 $20,220
1990 $683 $2,797 $21,526 $20,226
1989 $675 - $20,795 -
1988 $673 - $19,013 -
1987 $650 - $16,378 -
1986 $604 - $14,521 -
1985 $838 - $14,170 -
1984 $982 - $13,930 -
1983 $882 - $13,477 -
1982 $930 - $12,527 -
1981 $1,001 - $12,379 -
1980 $788 - $11,208 -
1979 $785 - $10,078 -
1978 $683 - $9,154 -
1977 $600 - $8,949 -
1976 $520 - $8,839 -
1975 $468 - $7,537 -
1974 $418 - $7,057 -
1973 $257.2 - $5,858 -
1972 $261.9 - $5,107 -
1971 $233.4 - $4,535 -
1970 $221.6 - $4,136 -
1969 $207.1 - $3,776 -
1968 $195.5 - $3,473 -
1967 $176.1 - $3,226 -
1966 $159.3 - $3,055 -
1965 $147.1 - $2,777 -
1964 $135.2 - $2,562 -
1963 $122.6 - $2,380 -
1962 $116.2 - $2,274 -
1961 $108.5 - $2,246 -
1960 $101.8 - $2,265 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $5,148, ranking 121/197, compared to $55,698 in Canada, ranking 23/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Canada ranks 28th at $64,610.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Canada
Gross domestic product
$64.8B
2025
$2.32T
2025
GDP rank
88/197
2025
10/197
2025
GDP growth
-1.58%
2024-2025
1.74%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$5,148
2025
$55,698
2025
GDP per capita rank
121/197
2025
23/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$64,610
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
28/197
2024
Government debt
$54.9B
2025
$2.63T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
84.8%
2025
113.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$4,364
2025
$63,220
2025
Government debt per person rank
93/185
2025
5/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,410
2026
$36,531
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$4.62T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,098,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
82
2026
Income share by richest 10%
30.6%
2024
24.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
1.9%
2024
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
44%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
19.5%
2024-2025
2.07%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
6.82%
2025
Population
12837312
42199836

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Canada
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Canada
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 32.2% 84.8% 44% 113.5%
2024 33.5% 83.2% 44.3% 110%
2023 33.5% 78.3% 41.8% 105.1%
2022 31.2% 69.2% 40.4% 103.5%
2021 29.4% 68.7% 45.5% 112.6%
2020 31.9% 67.5% 52.4% 118.1%
2019 30.1% 48.9% 40.6% 90.1%
2018 31.4% 44.2% 40.7% 90.8%
2017 31.6% 41.9% 40.5% 91%
2016 32.9% 38.2% 40.8% 92.5%
2015 37% 34% 40% 92.3%
2014 34.9% 31.8% 38.4% 85.8%
2013 30.4% 31% 40% 87.7%
2012 31.3% 30.7% 40.9% 87%
2011 30.6% 30.5% 41.6% 84.3%
2010 27.5% 32.8% 43.1% 84%
2009 28.9% 34.1% 43.4% 81.8%
2008 31.1% 32.4% 38.8% 70.4%
2007 28.9% 35.5% 38.5% 67.2%
2006 26.6% 48.6% 38.7% 69.9%
2005 29.5% 73.2% 38.5% 70.6%
2004 29% 80.6% 39.1% 71.9%
2003 28.6% 85.5% 40.3% 75.9%
2002 29.6% 77.2% 40.4% 79.6%
2001 28.6% 74.4% 41.1% 81.5%
2000 26.2% 66.5% 40.6% 80.4%
1999 26.3% 61.7% 41.8% 89%
1998 26.8% 61.2% 43.4% 93.3%
1997 25.3% 64.6% 43.5% 95.3%
1996 23.3% 72.4% 45.9% 100.2%
1995 23.1% 81.7% 47.7% 100.1%
1994 23.9% 87.6% 49% 97.5%
1993 24.3% 83.8% 51.5% 94.7%
1992 22.6% 92.4% 52.5% 88.2%
1991 21.6% 92.8% 51.4% 81.7%
1990 20.4% 102.9% 48.1% 73.7%
1989 24.4% 98% 45.8% 72.2%
1988 24% 115.9% 45.4% 71.1%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 46.1% 71.4%
1986 22.2% 149% 47.6% 71%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 48.3% 66.9%
1984 29% 166.5% 47.5% 61.7%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 47.9% 58.4%
1982 25% 155.4% 47.3% 52.7%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 42.5% 46.9%
1980 19.8% 100% 41.6% 45.6%
1979 18% 92% 40% 45.3%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 41.6% 48%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 41.4% 45.1%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 40.2% 43.6%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 41.1% 45.2%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 37.6% 45.8%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 36% 48%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 37.5% 53.5%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 37.3% 55.3%
1970 10% 63.9% 36% 54.3%
1969 12.3% - 33.9% 53%
1968 14.1% - 33.8% 55.9%
1967 13.1% - 32.9% 56.9%
1966 12.9% - 30.8% 56.6%
1965 12.9% - 29.8% 60.1%
1964 10.8% - 29.7% 63.7%
1963 10.8% - 30.3% 67%
1962 10.2% - 30.6% 67.2%
1961 10.7% - 30.6% 68.2%
1960 10.1% - 14.9% 66.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government spending was $20.8B, accounting for 32.2% of its GDP, while Canada spent $1.02T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 84.8% in Bolivia and 113.5% in Canada, ranking 36/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Canada
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Canada
2025 -11.6% -1.77%
2024 -8.7% -2.12%
2023 -9.46% -0.16%
2022 -6.15% 0.62%
2021 -7.87% -3.06%
2020 -11% -10.9%
2019 -6.04% -0.02%
2018 -6.8% 0.36%
2017 -6.42% -0.11%
2016 -5.95% -0.45%
2015 -5.76% -0.06%
2014 -2.88% 0.17%
2013 0.51% -1.49%
2012 1.49% -2.52%
2011 0.72% -3.31%
2010 1.42% -4.74%
2009 2.29% -3.88%
2008 3.1% 0.18%
2007 -1.37% 1.82%
2006 3.99% 1.83%
2005 -2% 1.55%
2004 -4.97% 0.77%
2003 -7.04% -0.13%
2002 -7.82% -0.23%
2001 -6.11% 0.53%
2000 -3.34% 2.64%
1999 -3.43% 1.66%
1998 -4.56% 0.14%
1997 -2.94% 0.04%
1996 -1.7% -3.05%
1995 -1.63% -5.49%
1994 -2.68% -6.94%
1993 -5.46% -8.93%
1992 -3.94% -9.2%
1991 -3.76% -8.36%
1990 -3.94% -5.91%
1989 -5.5% -4.6%
1988 -6.5% -4.33%
1987 -7.7% -5.42%
1986 -2.7% -7.14%
1985 -9.8% -8.59%
1984 -25.4% -7.78%
1983 -19.8% -8.17%
1982 -15.9% -7.03%
1981 -12.3% -2.83%
1980 -15.3% -4.07%
1979 -11.2% -3.41%
1978 -9.97% -4.77%
1977 -11.2% -4.1%
1976 -1.15% -2.78%
1975 -2.33% -3.54%
1974 -1.87% 1.1%
1973 -3.72% 0.6%
1972 -3.69% -0.97%
1971 -3.67% -1.02%
1970 -1.92% -0.36%
1969 -4.16% 1.2%
1968 -5.67% -0.45%
1967 -4.29% -0.82%
1966 -3.55% -0.07%
1965 -4.12% -0.25%
1964 -2.68% -0.68%
1963 -3.02% -2.31%
1962 -2.8% -2.6%
1961 -2.81% -2.75%
1960 -3.35% -0.85%
1959 -4.32% -1.08%
1958 -2.95% -1.69%
1957 -1.11% -0.11%
1956 -0.11% 0.77%
1955 0.33% -0.11%
1954 0.006% -0.57%
1953 -0.48% 0.3%
1952 -0.94% 0.09%
1951 -0.42% 1.1%
1950 -1.17% 1.09%
1949 - 0.78%
1948 - 3.84%
1947 - 5.02%
1946 - 3.14%
1945 - -17.9%
1944 - -21.6%
1943 - -23.1%
1942 - -20.8%
1941 - -4.79%
1940 - -5.62%
1939 - -2.11%
1938 - -0.97%
1937 - -0.34%
1936 - -1.68%
1935 - -3.72%
1934 - -2.93%
1933 - -3.83%
1932 - -5.79%
1931 - -2.43%
1930 - -1.47%
1929 - 0.78%
1928 - 1.12%
1927 - 0.92%
1926 - 0.81%
1925 - 0.55%
1924 - 0.007%
1923 - 0.79%
1922 - -0.75%
1921 - -2%
1920 - -1.82%
1919 - -8.94%
1918 - -8.98%
1917 - -7.83%
1916 - -8.14%
1915 - -6.17%
1914 - -4.63%
1913 - -0.82%
1912 - 1.03%
1911 - 0.004%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - -0.67%
1908 - -2.78%
1907 - -0.83%
1906 - 0.22%
1905 - -0.07%
1904 - -0.44%
1903 - 0.07%
1902 - 0.91%
1901 - -0.34%
1900 - -0.33%
1899 - 0.1%
1898 - -0.3%
1897 - -0.35%
1896 - -0.48%
1895 - -0.85%
1894 - -1.06%
1893 - -0.66%
1892 - -0.07%
1891 - 3.23%
1890 - -0.04%
1889 - 0%
1888 - -0.48%
1887 - -1.18%
1886 - -0.73%
1885 - -4.82%
1884 - -2.43%
1883 - -3.88%
1882 - -0.78%
1881 - 0.32%
1880 - -0.62%
1879 - -2.11%
1878 - -0.63%
1877 - -1.63%
1876 - -2.06%
1875 - -1.88%
1874 - -1.57%
1873 - -1.74%
1872 - -3.93%
1871 - -1.09%
1870 - 0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

In 2025, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $7.51B, equivalent to 11.6% of GDP. This compares to Canada's deficit of $41B, or 1.77% of GDP.

Over the past 66 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 59 of those years, while Canada ran a deficit in 50 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.41% of GDP for Canada.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Canada
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Canada
2025 19.5% 2.07%
2024 5.1% 2.38%
2023 2.58% 3.88%
2022 1.75% 6.8%
2021 0.74% 3.4%
2020 0.94% 0.72%
2019 1.84% 1.95%
2018 2.27% 2.27%
2017 2.82% 1.6%
2016 3.62% 1.43%
2015 4.06% 1.13%
2014 5.77% 1.91%
2013 5.74% 0.94%
2012 4.52% 1.52%
2011 9.88% 2.91%
2010 2.5% 1.78%
2009 3.35% 0.3%
2008 14% 2.37%
2007 8.71% 2.14%
2006 4.28% 2%
2005 5.39% 2.21%
2004 4.44% 1.86%
2003 3.34% 2.76%
2002 0.93% 2.26%
2001 1.59% 2.53%
2000 4.61% 2.72%
1999 2.16% 1.73%
1998 7.67% 1%
1997 4.71% 1.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.79%, compared with 2.14% in Canada. In 2025, inflation was 19.5% in Bolivia and 2.07% in Canada.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $188M
Raw materials & minerals $51.8M
Raw agricultural goods $17.3M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $924K
Wood & paper products $681K
Chemicals & pharma $300K
Metals $236K
Textiles & consumer goods $176K
Machinery & equipment $140K
Miscellaneous $4K
Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $8.06M
Raw agricultural goods $2.9M
Raw materials & minerals $300K
Chemicals & pharma $280K
Textiles & consumer goods $255K
Miscellaneous $248K
Metals $132K
Wood & paper products $98K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $92K
Animal & marine products $57K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Canada
Current account balance
-$1.22B
2025
-$22B
2025
Current account balance ranking
124/190
2025
184/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.88%
2025
-0.95%
2025
Goods imports
$9.23B
2025
$577B
2025
Goods exports
$9.56B
2025
$555B
2025
Service imports
$2.25B
2025
$169B
2025
Service exports
$1.21B
2025
$172B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
32.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
31.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Canada
Economic freedom 42.4 75.6
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 17/197
Property rights 20.2 85.9
Government integrity 27.1 85.5
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 96
Tax burden 86.4 74.7
Government spending 56.3 45.9
Fiscal health 0.8 79.7
Business freedom 53.6 84.2
Labor freedom 52.2 68.3
Monetary freedom 67.1 73.8
Trade freedom 60.6 83.2
Investment freedom 15 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Canada
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Canada
2026 42.4 75.6
2025 44.1 75.5
2024 43.5 72.4
2023 43.4 73.7
2022 43 76.6
2021 42.7 77.9
2020 42.8 78.2
2019 42.3 77.7
2018 44.1 77.7
2017 47.7 78.5
2016 47.4 78
2015 46.8 79.1
2014 48.4 80.2
2013 47.9 79.4
2012 50.2 79.9
2011 50 80.8
2010 49.4 80.4
2009 53.6 80.5
2008 53.1 80.2
2007 54.2 78
2006 57.8 77.4
2005 58.4 75.8
2004 64.5 75.3
2003 64.3 74.8
2002 65.1 74.6
2001 68 71.2
2000 65 70.5
1999 65.6 69.3
1998 68.8 68.5
1997 65.1 67.9
1996 65.2 70.3
1995 56.8 69.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 75.6 for Canada, ranking 17/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Canada
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
64.1%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
27.4%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
1.93%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$55.6B
2025
$2.35T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,530
2025
$66,820
2025
Total reserves including gold
$580M
2025
$126B
2025
Total reserves ranking
155/177
2025
26/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$464M
2025
-$11.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$358M
2024
$63.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$89.4B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
37.7%
2024
9.4%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.