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Economy of Bolivia vs Canada compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Bolivia has a GDP of $54.9B compared to $2.24T for Canada, ranking 88/197 and 9/197 by economy size, respectively.

Bolivia has $53.8B in government debt (98% of GDP), compared to $2.5T (111.3% of GDP) in Canada.

Bolivia vs Canada GDP by year

Bolivia
Canada
1x
Year GDP, current $
Bolivia Canada
2024 $54,881,327,453 $2,243,636,826,634
2023 $52,340,206,946 $2,173,339,670,064
2022 $50,959,081,954 $2,190,411,080,134
2021 $47,877,892,402 $2,022,378,748,423
2020 $42,313,784,081 $1,655,684,730,000
2019 $49,056,643,589 $1,743,725,183,673
2018 $48,414,038,842 $1,725,329,192,783
2017 $45,927,439,595 $1,649,265,644,244
2016 $33,941,126,194 $1,527,994,741,907
2015 $33,000,198,249 $1,556,508,816,217
2014 $32,996,188,017 $1,805,749,878,440
2013 $30,659,338,886 $1,846,597,421,835
2012 $27,084,497,482 $1,828,366,481,522
2011 $23,963,164,697 $1,793,326,630,175
2010 $19,649,723,722 $1,617,343,367,486
2009 $17,339,992,194 $1,374,625,142,157
2008 $16,674,276,286 $1,552,989,690,722
2007 $13,120,108,008 $1,468,820,407,783
2006 $11,451,844,902 $1,319,264,809,591
2005 $9,549,122,905 $1,173,108,598,779
2004 $8,773,451,752 $1,026,690,238,278
2003 $8,082,399,640 $895,540,646,635
2002 $7,905,485,146 $760,649,334,098
2001 $8,141,516,928 $738,981,792,355
2000 $8,397,855,485 $744,773,415,932
1999 $8,285,064,435 $678,412,196,271
1998 $8,497,494,652 $634,000,000,000
1997 $7,925,736,821 $654,986,999,856
1996 $7,396,949,126 $630,607,994,133
1995 $6,715,161,732 $605,961,090,061
1994 $5,981,222,859 $579,944,346,807
1993 $5,734,699,489 $579,053,561,739
1992 $5,643,868,749 $594,387,358,319
1991 $5,343,262,457 $612,527,712,316
1990 $4,867,582,598 $596,075,591,361
1989 $4,715,973,437 $567,211,993,243
1988 $4,597,612,362 $509,380,027,627
1987 $4,347,956,338 $433,134,238,311
1986 $3,959,382,833 $379,006,836,992
1985 $5,377,276,555 $366,186,012,450
1984 $6,169,483,225 $356,718,400,124
1983 $5,422,656,823 $341,866,277,183
1982 $5,594,126,369 $314,647,807,409
1981 $5,891,598,695 $307,246,642,756
1980 $4,537,479,608 $274,776,566,028
1979 $4,421,336,383 $243,891,124,296
1978 $3,758,220,890 $219,369,542,386
1977 $3,227,436,282 $212,325,176,305
1976 $2,731,984,008 $207,271,612,576
1975 $2,404,697,651 $174,419,757,177
1974 $2,100,249,875 $160,949,188,139
1973 $1,262,968,516 $131,764,343,566
1972 $1,257,615,645 $113,463,848,874
1971 $1,095,622,896 $99,606,454,744
1970 $1,017,003,367 $88,192,257,632
1969 $929,629,630 $79,405,011,125
1968 $857,912,458 $72,048,833,006
1967 $755,808,081 $65,856,924,424
1966 $669,191,919 $61,252,415,405
1965 $604,377,104 $54,649,410,479
1964 $544,023,569 $49,503,663,836
1963 $482,828,283 $45,140,337,827
1962 $448,400,673 $42,336,211,556
1961 $410,101,010 $41,038,192,838
1960 $377,020,202 $40,563,768,947

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

GDP per capita in Bolivia vs Canada by year

Bolivia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Bolivia Canada
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $4,421 $12,878 $54,340 $64,610
2023 $4,275 $12,892 $54,220 $64,219
2022 $4,219 $12,307 $56,257 $63,944
2021 $4,011 $11,202 $52,887 $56,995
2020 $3,581 $9,581 $43,538 $48,591
2019 $4,203 $11,005 $46,353 $50,499
2018 $4,207 $10,758 $46,539 $49,983
2017 $4,048 $10,420 $45,130 $48,317
2016 $3,036 $9,242 $42,314 $46,471
2015 $2,996 $8,757 $43,594 $44,668
2014 $3,041 $8,629 $50,961 $45,758
2013 $2,870 $8,069 $52,638 $44,301
2012 $2,576 $7,184 $52,670 $42,292
2011 $2,316 $6,598 $52,224 $41,667
2010 $1,930 $6,245 $47,561 $40,103
2009 $1,731 $6,024 $40,875 $38,863
2008 $1,693 $5,890 $46,710 $40,376
2007 $1,355 $5,537 $44,660 $39,573
2006 $1,203 $5,244 $40,504 $38,123
2005 $1,020 $4,938 $36,384 $36,328
2004 $953 $4,663 $32,146 $33,929
2003 $893 $4,433 $28,302 $32,350
2002 $888 $4,304 $24,256 $30,964
2001 $930 $4,205 $23,822 $30,241
2000 $976 $4,113 $24,271 $29,348
1999 $979 $3,991 $22,315 $27,841
1998 $1,022 $3,988 $21,025 $26,324
1997 $970 $3,822 $21,902 $25,264
1996 $922 $3,645 $21,297 $24,055
1995 $853 $3,494 $20,680 $23,474
1994 $774 $3,331 $19,998 $22,624
1993 $757 $3,177 $20,187 $21,432
1992 $760 $3,036 $20,950 $20,619
1991 $734 $2,981 $21,847 $20,220
1990 $683 $2,797 $21,526 $20,226
1989 $675 - $20,795 -
1988 $673 - $19,013 -
1987 $650 - $16,378 -
1986 $604 - $14,521 -
1985 $838 - $14,170 -
1984 $982 - $13,930 -
1983 $882 - $13,477 -
1982 $930 - $12,527 -
1981 $1,001 - $12,379 -
1980 $788 - $11,208 -
1979 $785 - $10,078 -
1978 $683 - $9,154 -
1977 $600 - $8,949 -
1976 $520 - $8,839 -
1975 $468 - $7,537 -
1974 $418 - $7,057 -
1973 $257.2 - $5,858 -
1972 $261.9 - $5,107 -
1971 $233.4 - $4,535 -
1970 $221.6 - $4,136 -
1969 $207.1 - $3,776 -
1968 $195.5 - $3,473 -
1967 $176.1 - $3,226 -
1966 $159.3 - $3,055 -
1965 $147.1 - $2,777 -
1964 $135.2 - $2,562 -
1963 $122.6 - $2,380 -
1962 $116.2 - $2,274 -
1961 $108.5 - $2,246 -
1960 $101.8 - $2,265 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

Bolivia's GDP per capita is $4,421, ranking 125/197, compared to $54,340 in Canada, ranking 20/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Bolivia ranks 122nd at $12,878, while Canada ranks 28th at $64,610.

Economic indicators

Bolivia Canada
Gross domestic product
$54.9B
2024
$2.24T
2024
GDP rank
88/197
2024
9/197
2024
GDP growth
-1.12%
2023-2024
1.55%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$4,421
2024
$54,340
2024
GDP per capita rank
125/197
2024
20/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$12,878
2024
$64,610
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
122/197
2024
28/197
2024
Government debt
$53.8B
2024
$2.5T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
98%
2024
111.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$4,331
2024
$60,482
2024
Government debt per person rank
88/185
2024
4/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$4,720
2026
$37,320
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$3.37T
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
2,098,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
76
2025
Income share by richest 10%
31.3%
2023
24.1%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
1.8%
2023
3.3%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
39.8%
2024
44.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
5.1%
2023-2024
2.38%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
3.26%
2025
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
2.73%
2024
6.35%
2024
Population
12798112
42181965

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Bolivia
Spending

Debt
Canada
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Bolivia Canada
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 39.8% 98% 44.7% 111.3%
2023 38.7% 90.8% 42.1% 107.7%
2022 36% 80.1% 40.6% 104.2%
2021 34.8% 81.4% 45.5% 112.6%
2020 36.8% 78% 52.4% 118.1%
2019 36.1% 58.6% 40.6% 90.2%
2018 37.7% 53.1% 40.7% 90.8%
2017 38.6% 51.3% 40.5% 90.9%
2016 40% 46.5% 40.8% 92.4%
2015 44.5% 40.9% 40% 92%
2014 41.2% 37.6% 38.4% 85.5%
2013 35.4% 36.1% 40% 87.6%
2012 36% 35.4% 40.9% 87.2%
2011 35.4% 35.3% 41.6% 84.3%
2010 31.5% 37.6% 43.1% 84%
2009 33.2% 39.2% 43.4% 81.8%
2008 35.3% 36.8% 38.8% 70.4%
2007 32.7% 40% 38.5% 67.2%
2006 29.8% 54.4% 38.7% 69.9%
2005 33.2% 82.2% 38.5% 70.6%
2004 32.3% 89.8% 39.1% 71.9%
2003 32% 95.6% 40.3% 75.9%
2002 33.3% 86.7% 40.4% 79.6%
2001 32% 83% 41.1% 81.5%
2000 29.3% 74.3% 40.6% 80.4%
1999 29.4% 61.7% 41.8% 89%
1998 30% 61.2% 43.4% 93.3%
1997 28.3% 64.6% 43.5% 95.3%
1996 26% 72.4% 45.9% 100.2%
1995 25.8% 81.7% 47.7% 100.1%
1994 26.8% 87.6% 49% 97.5%
1993 27.2% 83.8% 51.5% 94.7%
1992 25.3% 92.4% 52.5% 88.2%
1991 24.2% 92.8% 51.4% 81.7%
1990 22.8% 102.9% 48.1% 73.7%
1989 24.4% 98% 45.8% 72.2%
1988 24% 115.9% 45.4% 71.1%
1987 24.4% 145.3% 46.1% 71.4%
1986 22.2% 149% 47.6% 71%
1985 21.8% 205.2% 48.3% 66.9%
1984 29% 166.5% 47.5% 61.7%
1983 32.1% 157.3% 47.9% 58.4%
1982 25% 155.4% 47.3% 52.7%
1981 16.6% 121.7% 42.5% 46.9%
1980 19.8% 100% 41.6% 45.6%
1979 18% 92% 40% 45.3%
1978 17.3% 82.5% 41.6% 48%
1977 18.6% 82.4% 41.4% 45.1%
1976 16.8% 68.9% 40.2% 43.6%
1975 14.4% 56.2% 41.1% 45.2%
1974 14.2% 52.7% 37.6% 45.8%
1973 14.1% 80.9% 36% 48%
1972 11.8% 77.7% 37.5% 53.5%
1971 11.3% 65.7% 37.3% 55.3%
1970 10% 63.9% 36% 54.3%
1969 12.3% - 33.9% 53%
1968 14.1% - 33.8% 55.9%
1967 13.1% - 32.9% 56.9%
1966 12.9% - 30.8% 56.6%
1965 12.9% - 29.8% 60.1%
1964 10.8% - 29.7% 63.7%
1963 10.8% - 30.3% 67%
1962 10.2% - 30.6% 67.2%
1961 10.7% - 30.6% 68.2%
1960 10.1% - 14.9% 66.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government spending was $21.9B, accounting for 39.8% of its GDP, while Canada spent $1T, or 44.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 98% in Bolivia and 111.3% in Canada, ranking 26/185 and 15/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Bolivia

Canada
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Bolivia Canada
2024 -10.6% -2.01%
2023 -10.9% 0.07%
2022 -7.12% 0.56%
2021 -9.33% -3.06%
2020 -12.7% -10.9%
2019 -7.25% -0.02%
2018 -8.17% 0.36%
2017 -7.86% -0.11%
2016 -7.24% -0.45%
2015 -6.93% -0.06%
2014 -3.41% 0.17%
2013 0.6% -1.49%
2012 1.72% -2.52%
2011 0.83% -3.31%
2010 1.62% -4.74%
2009 2.63% -3.88%
2008 3.53% 0.18%
2007 -1.54% 1.82%
2006 4.47% 1.83%
2005 -2.24% 1.55%
2004 -5.54% 0.77%
2003 -7.88% -0.13%
2002 -8.79% -0.23%
2001 -6.82% 0.53%
2000 -3.73% 2.64%
1999 -3.84% 1.66%
1998 -5.1% 0.14%
1997 -3.28% 0.04%
1996 -1.9% -3.05%
1995 -1.82% -5.49%
1994 -3% -6.94%
1993 -6.1% -8.93%
1992 -4.4% -9.2%
1991 -4.2% -8.36%
1990 -4.4% -5.91%
1989 -5.5% -4.6%
1988 -6.5% -4.33%
1987 -7.7% -5.42%
1986 -2.7% -7.14%
1985 -9.8% -8.59%
1984 -25.4% -7.78%
1983 -19.8% -8.17%
1982 -15.9% -7.03%
1981 -12.3% -2.83%
1980 -15.3% -4.07%
1979 -11.2% -3.41%
1978 -9.97% -4.77%
1977 -11.2% -4.1%
1976 -1.15% -2.78%
1975 -2.33% -3.54%
1974 -1.87% 1.1%
1973 -3.72% 0.6%
1972 -3.69% -0.97%
1971 -3.67% -1.02%
1970 -1.92% -0.36%
1969 -4.16% 1.2%
1968 -5.67% -0.45%
1967 -4.29% -0.82%
1966 -3.55% -0.07%
1965 -4.12% -0.25%
1964 -2.68% -0.68%
1963 -3.02% -2.31%
1962 -2.8% -2.6%
1961 -2.81% -2.75%
1960 -3.35% -0.85%
1959 -4.32% -1.08%
1958 -2.95% -1.69%
1957 -1.11% -0.11%
1956 -0.11% 0.77%
1955 0.33% -0.11%
1954 0.006% -0.57%
1953 -0.48% 0.3%
1952 -0.94% 0.09%
1951 -0.42% 1.1%
1950 -1.17% 1.09%
1949 - 0.78%
1948 - 3.84%
1947 - 5.02%
1946 - 3.14%
1945 - -17.9%
1944 - -21.6%
1943 - -23.1%
1942 - -20.8%
1941 - -4.79%
1940 - -5.62%
1939 - -2.11%
1938 - -0.97%
1937 - -0.34%
1936 - -1.68%
1935 - -3.72%
1934 - -2.93%
1933 - -3.83%
1932 - -5.79%
1931 - -2.43%
1930 - -1.47%
1929 - 0.78%
1928 - 1.12%
1927 - 0.92%
1926 - 0.81%
1925 - 0.55%
1924 - 0.007%
1923 - 0.79%
1922 - -0.75%
1921 - -2%
1920 - -1.82%
1919 - -8.94%
1918 - -8.98%
1917 - -7.83%
1916 - -8.14%
1915 - -6.17%
1914 - -4.63%
1913 - -0.82%
1912 - 1.03%
1911 - 0.004%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - -0.67%
1908 - -2.78%
1907 - -0.83%
1906 - 0.22%
1905 - -0.07%
1904 - -0.44%
1903 - 0.07%
1902 - 0.91%
1901 - -0.34%
1900 - -0.33%
1899 - 0.1%
1898 - -0.3%
1897 - -0.35%
1896 - -0.48%
1895 - -0.85%
1894 - -1.06%
1893 - -0.66%
1892 - -0.07%
1891 - 3.23%
1890 - -0.04%
1889 - 0%
1888 - -0.48%
1887 - -1.18%
1886 - -0.73%
1885 - -4.82%
1884 - -2.43%
1883 - -3.88%
1882 - -0.78%
1881 - 0.32%
1880 - -0.62%
1879 - -2.11%
1878 - -0.63%
1877 - -1.63%
1876 - -2.06%
1875 - -1.88%
1874 - -1.57%
1873 - -1.74%
1872 - -3.93%
1871 - -1.09%
1870 - 0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

In 2024, Bolivia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $5.83B, equivalent to 10.6% of GDP. This compares to Canada's deficit of $45.2B, or 2.01% of GDP.

Over the past 65 years, Bolivia recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Canada ran a deficit in 48 years. On average, Bolivia posted an annual deficit equal to 5.52% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.42% of GDP for Canada.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Bolivia

Canada
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Bolivia Canada
2024 5.1% 2.38%
2023 2.58% 3.88%
2022 1.75% 6.8%
2021 0.74% 3.4%
2020 0.94% 0.72%
2019 1.84% 1.95%
2018 2.27% 2.27%
2017 2.82% 1.6%
2016 3.62% 1.43%
2015 4.06% 1.13%
2014 5.77% 1.91%
2013 5.74% 0.94%
2012 4.52% 1.52%
2011 9.88% 2.91%
2010 2.5% 1.78%
2009 3.35% 0.3%
2008 14% 2.37%
2007 8.71% 2.14%
2006 4.28% 2%
2005 5.39% 2.21%
2004 4.44% 1.86%
2003 3.34% 2.76%
2002 0.93% 2.26%
2001 1.59% 2.53%
2000 4.61% 2.72%
1999 2.16% 1.73%
1998 7.67% 1%
1997 4.71% 1.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Bolivia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.26%, compared with 2.15% in Canada. In 2024, inflation was 5.1% in Bolivia and 2.38% in Canada.

Top exports between countries

Bolivia
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $125M
Raw materials & minerals $18.6M
Raw agricultural goods $9.74M
Wood & paper products $1.21M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $848K
Chemicals & pharma $297K
Machinery & equipment $248K
Textiles & consumer goods $148K
Metals $35K
Miscellaneous $4K
Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9.2M
Raw agricultural goods $2.19M
Chemicals & pharma $848K
Raw materials & minerals $353K
Metals $283K
Textiles & consumer goods $258K
Wood & paper products $178K
Miscellaneous $116K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $89K
Animal & marine products $86K

Balance of trade

Bolivia Canada
Current account balance
-$1.41B
2024
-$10.3B
2024
Current account balance ranking
132/190
2024
177/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.56%
2024
-0.46%
2024
Goods imports
$9.15B
2024
$574B
2024
Goods exports
$8.93B
2024
$569B
2024
Service imports
$2.35B
2024
$160B
2024
Service exports
$1.14B
2024
$159B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
25.5%
2024
32.7%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
21.4%
2024
32.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Bolivia Canada
Economic freedom 42.4 75.6
Economic freedom ranking 184/197 17/197
Property rights 20.2 85.9
Government integrity 27.1 85.5
Judicial effectiveness 29.5 96
Tax burden 86.4 74.7
Government spending 56.3 45.9
Fiscal health 0.8 79.7
Business freedom 53.6 84.2
Labor freedom 52.2 68.3
Monetary freedom 67.1 73.8
Trade freedom 60.6 83.2
Investment freedom 15 60
Financial freedom 40 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Bolivia
Canada
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Bolivia Canada
2026 42.4 75.6
2025 44.1 75.5
2024 43.5 72.4
2023 43.4 73.7
2022 43 76.6
2021 42.7 77.9
2020 42.8 78.2
2019 42.3 77.7
2018 44.1 77.7
2017 47.7 78.5
2016 47.4 78
2015 46.8 79.1
2014 48.4 80.2
2013 47.9 79.4
2012 50.2 79.9
2011 50 80.8
2010 49.4 80.4
2009 53.6 80.5
2008 53.1 80.2
2007 54.2 78
2006 57.8 77.4
2005 58.4 75.8
2004 64.5 75.3
2003 64.3 74.8
2002 65.1 74.6
2001 68 71.2
2000 65 70.5
1999 65.6 69.3
1998 68.8 68.5
1997 65.1 67.9
1996 65.2 70.3
1995 56.8 69.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Bolivia is 42.4, ranking 184/197, compared to 75.6 for Canada, ranking 17/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Bolivia Canada
Services, % of GDP
53.4%
2024
66.4%
2021
Industry, % of GDP
31.3%
2024
25.3%
2021
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
8.83%
2024
1.6%
2021
GNI, Atlas method
$51.7B
2024
$2.2T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$12,620
2024
$63,630
2024
Total reserves including gold
$1.98B
2024
$120B
2024
Total reserves ranking
127/177
2024
23/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$113M
2024
$27.8B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$387M
2024
$63.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$133M
2024
$89.4B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
36.5%
2023
9.4%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
17.9%
2024
23.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/bolivia/canada | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.