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Economy of Cambodia vs Canada compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Cambodia has a GDP of $51.3B compared to $2.32T for Canada, ranking 94/197 and 10/197 by economy size, respectively.

Cambodia has $13.6B in government debt (26.5% of GDP), compared to $2.63T (113.5% of GDP) in Canada.

Cambodia vs Canada GDP by year

Cambodia
Canada
1x
Year GDP, current $
Cambodia Canada
2025 $51,267,065,843 $2,319,899,772,426
2024 $46,352,647,037 $2,270,076,189,683
2023 $42,335,646,896 $2,196,593,836,347
2022 $39,994,532,960 $2,200,562,785,046
2021 $36,790,163,687 $2,022,377,950,897
2020 $34,818,073,901 $1,655,686,966,882
2019 $36,685,356,408 $1,743,728,952,157
2018 $33,145,892,169 $1,725,330,736,238
2017 $29,355,665,910 $1,649,269,496,515
2016 $26,556,545,153 $1,527,996,250,641
2015 $24,174,170,369 $1,556,510,380,200
2014 $22,041,463,968 $1,805,751,688,809
2013 $19,807,135,253 $1,846,583,831,414
2012 $17,826,536,700 $1,828,359,477,072
2011 $16,032,622,024 $1,793,335,727,901
2010 $13,808,673,288 $1,617,349,192,091
2009 $12,502,901,170 $1,374,627,766,600
2008 $12,174,303,999 $1,552,993,439,550
2007 $10,127,916,460 $1,468,820,407,783
2006 $8,350,531,017 $1,319,291,255,289
2005 $7,066,296,463 $1,173,118,501,403
2004 $5,883,297,160 $1,026,691,006,918
2003 $5,046,693,484 $895,542,074,085
2002 $4,501,227,627 $760,650,608,552
2001 $4,145,665,970 $738,981,792,355
2000 $3,694,168,979 $744,773,415,932
1999 $3,517,242,477 $678,414,215,521
1998 $3,120,425,503 $633,999,325,918
1997 $3,443,413,389 $654,987,722,086
1996 $3,506,695,720 $630,607,994,133
1995 $3,441,205,693 $605,961,090,061
1994 $2,791,435,272 $579,944,346,807
1993 $2,533,727,592 $579,053,561,739
1992 $2,491,486,594 $594,387,358,319
1991 $2,054,974,089 $612,527,712,316
1990 $1,402,541,177 $596,075,591,361
1989 $1,353,137,648 $567,211,993,243
1988 $1,662,877,859 $509,380,027,627
1987 $1,036,974,910 $433,134,238,311
1986 $1,167,630,318 $379,006,836,992
1985 $1,102,669,184 $366,186,012,450
1984 $1,021,176,059 $356,718,400,124
1983 $939,291,262 $341,866,277,183
1982 $865,516,040 $314,647,807,409
1981 $815,153,652 $307,246,642,756
1980 $744,384,130 $274,776,566,028
1979 $723,738,503 $243,891,124,296
1978 $766,642,356 $219,369,542,386
1977 $716,261,764 $212,325,176,305
1976 $790,357,255 $207,271,612,576
1975 $749,129,748 $174,419,757,177
1974 - $160,949,188,139
1973 - $131,764,343,566
1972 - $113,463,848,874
1971 - $99,606,454,744
1970 - $88,192,257,632
1969 - $79,405,011,125
1968 - $72,048,833,006
1967 - $65,856,924,424
1966 - $61,252,415,405
1965 - $54,649,410,479
1964 - $49,503,663,836
1963 - $45,140,337,827
1962 - $42,336,211,556
1961 - $41,038,192,838
1960 - $40,563,768,947

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

GDP per capita in Cambodia vs Canada by year

Cambodia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Cambodia Canada
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $2,872 - $55,698 -
2024 $2,628 $7,967 $55,016 $64,610
2023 $2,430 $7,431 $54,848 $64,219
2022 $2,325 $6,919 $56,497 $63,944
2021 $2,167 $6,226 $52,887 $56,995
2020 $2,082 $5,942 $43,538 $48,591
2019 $2,226 $6,154 $46,353 $50,499
2018 $2,037 $5,617 $46,539 $49,983
2017 $1,826 $5,050 $45,130 $48,317
2016 $1,675 $4,748 $42,314 $46,471
2015 $1,547 $4,434 $43,594 $44,668
2014 $1,432 $4,118 $50,961 $45,758
2013 $1,306 $3,891 $52,638 $44,301
2012 $1,193 $3,583 $52,670 $42,292
2011 $1,089 $3,223 $52,224 $41,667
2010 $952 $2,989 $47,561 $40,103
2009 $876 $2,854 $40,875 $38,863
2008 $866 $2,769 $46,710 $40,376
2007 $732 $2,566 $44,660 $39,573
2006 $612 $2,297 $40,505 $38,123
2005 $526 $2,038 $36,384 $36,328
2004 $444 $1,770 $32,146 $33,929
2003 $387 $1,598 $28,302 $32,350
2002 $350 $1,442 $24,256 $30,964
2001 $328 $1,357 $23,822 $30,241
2000 $296.4 $1,256 $24,271 $29,348
1999 $286.8 $1,134 $22,315 $27,841
1998 $258.8 $1,009 $21,025 $26,324
1997 $297.6 $994 $21,902 $25,264
1996 $325 $1,006 $21,297 $24,055
1995 $343 $1,006 $20,680 $23,474
1994 $302 $972 $19,998 $22,624
1993 $294.1 $1,565 $20,187 $21,432
1992 $307 $1,560 $20,950 $20,619
1991 $267.3 $1,504 $21,847 $20,220
1990 $190.2 $1,410 $21,526 $20,226
1989 $191.3 - $20,795 -
1988 $244.1 - $19,013 -
1987 $158.1 - $16,378 -
1986 $185.8 - $14,521 -
1985 $182.4 - $14,170 -
1984 $174.7 - $13,930 -
1983 $166.7 - $13,477 -
1982 $159.2 - $12,527 -
1981 $154.3 - $12,379 -
1980 $143.2 - $11,208 -
1979 $142.2 - $10,078 -
1978 $147.1 - $9,154 -
1977 $126.4 - $8,949 -
1976 $128.8 - $8,839 -
1975 $113.8 - $7,537 -
1974 - - $7,057 -
1973 - - $5,858 -
1972 - - $5,107 -
1971 - - $4,535 -
1970 - - $4,136 -
1969 - - $3,776 -
1968 - - $3,473 -
1967 - - $3,226 -
1966 - - $3,055 -
1965 - - $2,777 -
1964 - - $2,562 -
1963 - - $2,380 -
1962 - - $2,274 -
1961 - - $2,246 -
1960 - - $2,265 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

Cambodia's GDP per capita is $2,872, ranking 148/197, compared to $55,698 in Canada, ranking 23/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Cambodia ranks 142nd at $7,967, while Canada ranks 28th at $64,610.

Economic indicators

Cambodia Canada
Gross domestic product
$51.3B
2025
$2.32T
2025
GDP rank
94/197
2025
10/197
2025
GDP growth
5.35%
2024-2025
1.74%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$2,872
2025
$55,698
2025
GDP per capita rank
148/197
2025
23/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$7,967
2024
$64,610
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
142/197
2024
28/197
2024
Government debt
$13.6B
2025
$2.63T
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
26.5%
2025
113.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$760
2025
$63,220
2025
Government debt per person rank
153/185
2025
5/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$2,268
2026
$36,531
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$4.62T
2025
Number of millionaires n/a
2,098,000
2026
Number of billionaires n/a
82
2026
Income share by richest 10% n/a
24.6%
2022
Income share by poorest 10% n/a
2.9%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
16.3%
2025
44%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.5%
2024-2025
2.07%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
2.25%
2025
Unemployment rate
0.26%
2023
6.82%
2025
Population
18159213
42199836

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Cambodia
Spending

Debt
Canada
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Cambodia Canada
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 16.3% 26.5% 44% 113.5%
2024 16.6% 26.1% 44.3% 110%
2023 19.1% 26.3% 41.8% 105.1%
2022 18.5% 25.3% 40.4% 103.5%
2021 21.4% 26.4% 45.5% 112.6%
2020 20.5% 25.5% 52.4% 118.1%
2019 17.9% 21.2% 40.6% 90.1%
2018 16.2% 21.3% 40.7% 90.8%
2017 16.3% 22.9% 40.5% 91%
2016 15.3% 22% 40.8% 92.5%
2015 14.5% 23.4% 40% 92.3%
2014 16.4% 24% 38.4% 85.8%
2013 16.5% 24.6% 40% 87.7%
2012 17.2% 25% 40.9% 87%
2011 16.4% 23.7% 41.6% 84.3%
2010 17.1% 23.5% 43.1% 84%
2009 16.6% 23.1% 43.4% 81.8%
2008 12.9% 22.7% 38.8% 70.4%
2007 12.4% 25.3% 38.5% 67.2%
2006 11.2% 26.6% 38.7% 69.9%
2005 10.8% 31.3% 38.5% 70.6%
2004 12.4% 38.1% 39.1% 71.9%
2003 14.5% 39.6% 40.3% 75.9%
2002 16% 37.8% 40.4% 79.6%
2001 14.6% 33.6% 41.1% 81.5%
2000 14.6% 34.1% 40.6% 80.4%
1999 13.8% 34.7% 41.8% 89%
1998 13.4% 37.2% 43.4% 93.3%
1997 12.4% 31.6% 43.5% 95.3%
1996 15.7% 30.2% 45.9% 100.2%
1995 - - 47.7% 100.1%
1994 - - 49% 97.5%
1993 - - 51.5% 94.7%
1992 - - 52.5% 88.2%
1991 - - 51.4% 81.7%
1990 - - 48.1% 73.7%
1989 - - 45.8% 72.2%
1988 - - 45.4% 71.1%
1987 - - 46.1% 71.4%
1986 - - 47.6% 71%
1985 - - 48.3% 66.9%
1984 - - 47.5% 61.7%
1983 - - 47.9% 58.4%
1982 - - 47.3% 52.7%
1981 - - 42.5% 46.9%
1980 - - 41.6% 45.6%
1979 - - 40% 45.3%
1978 - - 41.6% 48%
1977 - - 41.4% 45.1%
1976 - - 40.2% 43.6%
1975 - - 41.1% 45.2%
1974 - - 37.6% 45.8%
1973 - - 36% 48%
1972 - - 37.5% 53.5%
1971 - - 37.3% 55.3%
1970 - - 36% 54.3%
1969 - - 33.9% 53%
1968 - - 33.8% 55.9%
1967 - - 32.9% 56.9%
1966 - - 30.8% 56.6%
1965 - - 29.8% 60.1%
1964 - - 29.7% 63.7%
1963 - - 30.3% 67%
1962 - - 30.6% 67.2%
1961 - - 30.6% 68.2%
1960 - - 14.9% 66.1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

In 2025, Cambodia's government spending was $8.36B, accounting for 16.3% of its GDP, while Canada spent $1.02T, or 44% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 26.5% in Cambodia and 113.5% in Canada, ranking 166/185 and 14/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Cambodia

Canada
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Cambodia Canada
2025 -1% -1.77%
2024 -1.45% -2.12%
2023 -2.83% -0.16%
2022 -0.29% 0.62%
2021 -5.27% -3.06%
2020 -2.56% -10.9%
2019 2.23% -0.02%
2018 0.28% 0.36%
2017 -0.77% -0.11%
2016 -0.29% -0.45%
2015 -0.65% -0.06%
2014 -1.24% 0.17%
2013 -2.02% -1.49%
2012 -3.58% -2.52%
2011 -3.75% -3.31%
2010 -3.11% -4.74%
2009 -3.88% -3.88%
2008 0.42% 0.18%
2007 0.63% 1.82%
2006 -0.15% 1.83%
2005 -0.34% 1.55%
2004 -3.18% 0.77%
2003 -5.67% -0.13%
2002 -6.06% -0.23%
2001 -4.96% 0.53%
2000 -4.66% 2.64%
1999 -3.8% 1.66%
1998 -5.36% 0.14%
1997 -3.72% 0.04%
1996 -7.54% -3.05%
1995 - -5.49%
1994 - -6.94%
1993 - -8.93%
1992 - -9.2%
1991 - -8.36%
1990 - -5.91%
1989 - -4.6%
1988 - -4.33%
1987 - -5.42%
1986 - -7.14%
1985 - -8.59%
1984 - -7.78%
1983 - -8.17%
1982 - -7.03%
1981 - -2.83%
1980 - -4.07%
1979 - -3.41%
1978 - -4.77%
1977 - -4.1%
1976 - -2.78%
1975 - -3.54%
1974 - 1.1%
1973 - 0.6%
1972 - -0.97%
1971 - -1.02%
1970 - -0.36%
1969 - 1.2%
1968 - -0.45%
1967 - -0.82%
1966 - -0.07%
1965 - -0.25%
1964 - -0.68%
1963 - -2.31%
1962 - -2.6%
1961 - -2.75%
1960 - -0.85%
1959 - -1.08%
1958 - -1.69%
1957 - -0.11%
1956 - 0.77%
1955 - -0.11%
1954 - -0.57%
1953 - 0.3%
1952 - 0.09%
1951 - 1.1%
1950 - 1.09%
1949 - 0.78%
1948 - 3.84%
1947 - 5.02%
1946 - 3.14%
1945 - -17.9%
1944 - -21.6%
1943 - -23.1%
1942 - -20.8%
1941 - -4.79%
1940 - -5.62%
1939 - -2.11%
1938 - -0.97%
1937 - -0.34%
1936 - -1.68%
1935 - -3.72%
1934 - -2.93%
1933 - -3.83%
1932 - -5.79%
1931 - -2.43%
1930 - -1.47%
1929 - 0.78%
1928 - 1.12%
1927 - 0.92%
1926 - 0.81%
1925 - 0.55%
1924 - 0.007%
1923 - 0.79%
1922 - -0.75%
1921 - -2%
1920 - -1.82%
1919 - -8.94%
1918 - -8.98%
1917 - -7.83%
1916 - -8.14%
1915 - -6.17%
1914 - -4.63%
1913 - -0.82%
1912 - 1.03%
1911 - 0.004%
1910 - -0.18%
1909 - -0.67%
1908 - -2.78%
1907 - -0.83%
1906 - 0.22%
1905 - -0.07%
1904 - -0.44%
1903 - 0.07%
1902 - 0.91%
1901 - -0.34%
1900 - -0.33%
1899 - 0.1%
1898 - -0.3%
1897 - -0.35%
1896 - -0.48%
1895 - -0.85%
1894 - -1.06%
1893 - -0.66%
1892 - -0.07%
1891 - 3.23%
1890 - -0.04%
1889 - 0%
1888 - -0.48%
1887 - -1.18%
1886 - -0.73%
1885 - -4.82%
1884 - -2.43%
1883 - -3.88%
1882 - -0.78%
1881 - 0.32%
1880 - -0.62%
1879 - -2.11%
1878 - -0.63%
1877 - -1.63%
1876 - -2.06%
1875 - -1.88%
1874 - -1.57%
1873 - -1.74%
1872 - -3.93%
1871 - -1.09%
1870 - 0.13%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

In 2025, Cambodia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $513M, equivalent to 1% of GDP. This compares to Canada's deficit of $41B, or 1.77% of GDP.

Over the past 30 years, Cambodia recorded a fiscal deficit in 26 of those years, while Canada ran a deficit in 17 years. On average, Cambodia posted an annual deficit equal to 2.49% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.86% of GDP for Canada.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Cambodia

Canada
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Cambodia Canada
2025 2.5% 2.07%
2024 0.8% 2.38%
2023 2.1% 3.88%
2022 5.3% 6.8%
2021 2.9% 3.4%
2020 2.9% 0.72%
2019 1.9% 1.95%
2018 2.5% 2.27%
2017 2.9% 1.6%
2016 3% 1.43%
2015 1.2% 1.13%
2014 3.9% 1.91%
2013 2.9% 0.94%
2012 2.9% 1.52%
2011 5.5% 2.91%
2010 4% 1.78%
2009 -0.7% 0.3%
2008 25% 2.37%
2007 7.7% 2.14%
2006 6.1% 2%
2005 6.3% 2.21%
2004 3.9% 1.86%
2003 1% 2.76%
2002 0% 2.26%
2001 -0.1% 2.53%
2000 -0.8% 2.72%
1999 2% 1.73%
1998 12.9% 1%
1997 10.5% 1.62%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Cambodia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.17%, compared with 2.14% in Canada. In 2025, inflation was 2.5% in Cambodia and 2.07% in Canada.

Top exports between countries

Cambodia
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $1.12B
Raw materials & minerals $84.9M
Metals $21.6M
Machinery & equipment $19.2M
Wood & paper products $8.94M
Chemicals & pharma $8.84M
Raw agricultural goods $1.74M
Weapons & explosives $1.28M
Miscellaneous $857K
Precious metals & jewellery $64K
Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $31.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $4.48M
Chemicals & pharma $2.72M
Metals $1.43M
Raw materials & minerals $1.06M
Raw agricultural goods $740K
Wood & paper products $429K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $274K
Animal & marine products $192K
Miscellaneous $52K

Balance of trade

Cambodia Canada
Current account balance
-$1.87B
2025
-$22B
2025
Current account balance ranking
139/190
2025
184/190
2025
Current account balance, % of GDP
-3.64%
2025
-0.95%
2025
Goods imports
$36.9B
2025
$577B
2025
Goods exports
$31.4B
2025
$555B
2025
Service imports
$3.22B
2025
$169B
2025
Service exports
$5.35B
2025
$172B
2025
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
67.4%
2025
32.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
68.6%
2025
31.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Cambodia Canada
Economic freedom 58.7 75.6
Economic freedom ranking 108/197 17/197
Property rights 38.1 85.9
Government integrity 18.9 85.5
Judicial effectiveness 21.2 96
Tax burden 90.3 74.7
Government spending 89.9 45.9
Fiscal health 92.7 79.7
Business freedom 60.8 84.2
Labor freedom 48.3 68.3
Monetary freedom 77 73.8
Trade freedom 67.8 83.2
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 50 70

Economic freedom comparison by year

Cambodia
Canada
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Cambodia Canada
2026 58.7 75.6
2025 58.2 75.5
2024 55.6 72.4
2023 56.5 73.7
2022 57.1 76.6
2021 57.3 77.9
2020 57.3 78.2
2019 57.8 77.7
2018 58.7 77.7
2017 59.5 78.5
2016 57.9 78
2015 57.5 79.1
2014 57.4 80.2
2013 58.5 79.4
2012 57.6 79.9
2011 57.9 80.8
2010 56.6 80.4
2009 56.6 80.5
2008 55.9 80.2
2007 55.9 78
2006 56.7 77.4
2005 60 75.8
2004 61.1 75.3
2003 63.7 74.8
2002 60.7 74.6
2001 59.6 71.2
2000 59.3 70.5
1999 59.9 69.3
1998 59.8 68.5
1997 52.8 67.9
1996 - 70.3
1995 - 69.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Cambodia is 58.7, ranking 108/197, compared to 75.6 for Canada, ranking 17/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Cambodia Canada
Services, % of GDP
35%
2025
64.1%
2022
Industry, % of GDP
43.1%
2025
27.4%
2022
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
16.1%
2025
1.93%
2022
GNI, Atlas method
$49.1B
2025
$2.35T
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$8,390
2025
$66,820
2025
Total reserves including gold
$27.5B
2025
$126B
2025
Total reserves ranking
60/177
2025
26/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$4.96B
2025
-$11.9B
2025
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$4.39B
2024
$63.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$172M
2024
$89.4B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.41%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
17.7%
2012
9.4%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
31.5%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/cambodia/canada | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.