Skip to content

Economy of Canada vs Zimbabwe compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $41.5B for Zimbabwe, ranking 9/197 and 102/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $30.3B (73% of GDP) in Zimbabwe.

Canada vs Zimbabwe GDP by year

Canada
Zimbabwe
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Zimbabwe
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $41,539,411,516
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $35,871,779,681
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $40,757,561,709
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $41,287,673,690
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $31,980,334,561
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $33,357,695,635
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $34,141,666,667
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $51,035,657,371
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $20,559,250,000
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $19,973,250,000
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $19,505,500,000
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $19,100,750,000
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $17,123,500,000
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $14,109,000,000
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $12,047,750,000
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $9,670,750,000
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $4,418,000,000
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $5,294,750,000
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $5,446,750,000
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $5,758,250,000
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $5,808,500,000
2003 $895,540,646,635 $5,730,500,000
2002 $760,649,334,098 $6,345,250,000
2001 $738,981,792,355 $6,780,750,000
2000 $744,773,415,932 $6,693,250,000
1999 $678,412,196,271 $6,861,500,000
1998 $634,000,000,000 $6,405,250,000
1997 $654,986,999,856 $8,534,000,000
1996 $630,607,994,133 $8,557,500,000
1995 $605,961,090,061 $7,115,000,000
1994 $579,944,346,807 $6,894,250,000
1993 $579,053,561,739 $6,567,250,000
1992 $594,387,358,319 $6,755,000,000
1991 $612,527,712,316 $8,646,000,000
1990 $596,075,591,361 $8,788,301,546
1989 $567,211,993,243 $8,290,553,535
1988 $509,380,027,627 $7,818,774,177
1987 $433,134,238,311 $6,744,657,033
1986 $379,006,836,992 $6,220,698,247
1985 $366,186,012,450 $5,640,137,575
1984 $356,718,400,124 $6,355,369,172
1983 $341,866,277,183 $7,768,031,182
1982 $314,647,807,409 $8,544,060,905
1981 $307,246,642,756 $8,015,464,252
1980 $274,776,566,028 $6,682,278,300
1979 $243,891,124,296 $5,180,102,910
1978 $219,369,542,386 $4,353,822,343
1977 $212,325,176,305 $4,366,610,469
1976 $207,271,612,576 $4,320,576,877
1975 $174,419,757,177 $4,373,532,601
1974 $160,949,188,139 $3,984,194,614
1973 $131,764,343,566 $3,311,043,292
1972 $113,463,848,874 $2,679,096,597
1971 $99,606,454,744 $2,179,828,710
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,885,168,339
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,748,891,294
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,480,355,355
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,397,715,282
1966 $61,252,415,405 $1,282,403,936
1965 $54,649,410,479 $1,312,105,394
1964 $49,503,663,836 $1,217,759,447
1963 $45,140,337,827 $1,160,103,724
1962 $42,336,211,556 $1,118,172,226
1961 $41,038,192,838 $1,097,206,526
1960 $40,563,768,947 $1,053,528,036

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Zimbabwe by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Zimbabwe
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Zimbabwe
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $2,497 $5,928
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $2,195 $5,791
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $2,536 $5,396
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $2,614 $4,827
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $2,060 $4,179
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $2,184 $4,166
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $2,271 $3,993
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $3,445 $10,756
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $1,408 $4,275
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $1,387 $4,046
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,373 $3,903
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,363 $3,784
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $1,239 $3,472
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $1,038 $3,047
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $902 $2,661
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $736 $2,233
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $341 $1,987
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $414 $2,396
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $431 $2,454
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $461 $2,496
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $470 $2,591
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $468 $2,708
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $525 $3,238
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $566 $3,533
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $563 $3,429
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $582 $3,491
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $552 $3,527
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $751 $3,457
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $767 $3,372
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $648 $3,051
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $634 $3,012
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $605 $2,703
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $631 $2,651
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $831 $2,930
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $867 $2,757
1989 $20,795 - $840 -
1988 $19,013 - $816 -
1987 $16,378 - $726 -
1986 $14,521 - $693 -
1985 $14,170 - $649 -
1984 $13,930 - $757 -
1983 $13,477 - $959 -
1982 $12,527 - $1,096 -
1981 $12,379 - $1,069 -
1980 $11,208 - $949 -
1979 $10,078 - $779 -
1978 $9,154 - $665 -
1977 $8,949 - $677 -
1976 $8,839 - $687 -
1975 $7,537 - $717 -
1974 $7,057 - $674 -
1973 $5,858 - $579 -
1972 $5,107 - $483 -
1971 $4,535 - $406 -
1970 $4,136 - $361 -
1969 $3,776 - $346 -
1968 $3,473 - $302 -
1967 $3,226 - $294.4 -
1966 $3,055 - $278.7 -
1965 $2,777 - $294.3 -
1964 $2,562 - $281.9 -
1963 $2,380 - $277.1 -
1962 $2,274 - $275.7 -
1961 $2,246 - $279.2 -
1960 $2,265 - $276.6 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $2,497 in Zimbabwe, ranking 148/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Zimbabwe ranks 154th at $5,928.

Economic indicators

Canada Zimbabwe
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$41.5B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
102/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
1.74%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$2,497
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
148/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$5,928
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
154/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$30.3B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
73%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$1,824
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
121/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$2,897
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$2.46B
1999
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
40.5%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
1.9%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
12.9%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
736%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
35%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
12.1%
2024
Population
42181965
17361868

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Zimbabwe
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Zimbabwe
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 12.9% 73%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 15.5% 76.1%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 14.4% 66.8%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 12.8% 39.9%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 9.27% 56.8%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 9.36% 53.9%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 13.9% 33%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 19.8% 49%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 16.6% 35.1%
2015 40% 92% 14.7% 34.1%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 14.1% 29.2%
2013 40% 87.6% 14.7% 26.4%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 14.6% 27.2%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 16.2% 30%
2010 43.1% 84% 12.8% 33.2%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 7.93% 39.7%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 2.54% 41.3%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 3.43% 30.2%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 5.72% 26.7%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 10.5% 22.4%
2004 39.1% 71.9% - -
2003 40.3% 75.9% - -
2002 40.4% 79.6% - -
2001 41.1% 81.5% - -
2000 40.6% 80.4% - -
1999 41.8% 89% - -
1998 43.4% 93.3% - -
1997 43.5% 95.3% - -
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Zimbabwe spent $5.37B, or 12.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 73% in Zimbabwe, ranking 15/185 and 50/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Zimbabwe
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Zimbabwe
2024 -2.01% -1.06%
2023 0.07% -3.9%
2022 0.56% -3.3%
2021 -3.06% -2.24%
2020 -10.9% -0.34%
2019 -0.02% -1.72%
2018 0.36% -3.81%
2017 -0.11% -7.37%
2016 -0.45% -4.63%
2015 -0.06% -1.45%
2014 0.17% -0.71%
2013 -1.49% -0.69%
2012 -2.52% -0.13%
2011 -3.31% -1.72%
2010 -4.74% -0.11%
2009 -3.88% -1.39%
2008 0.18% -1.2%
2007 1.82% -1.67%
2006 1.83% -1.4%
2005 1.55% -3.46%
2004 0.77% -
2003 -0.13% -
2002 -0.23% -
2001 0.53% -
2000 2.64% -
1999 1.66% -
1998 0.14% -
1997 0.04% -
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Zimbabwe's deficit of $438M, or 1.06% of GDP.

Over the past 20 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while Zimbabwe ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.3% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.11% of GDP for Zimbabwe.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Zimbabwe
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Zimbabwe
2024 2.38% 736%
2023 3.88% 667%
2022 6.8% 193.4%
2021 3.4% 98.5%
2020 0.72% 557%
2019 1.95% 255.3%
2018 2.27% 10.6%
2017 1.6% 0.9%
2016 1.43% -1.6%
2015 1.13% -2.4%
2014 1.91% -0.2%
2013 0.94% 1.6%
2012 1.52% 3.7%
2011 2.91% 3.5%
2010 1.78% 3%
2009 0.3% 6.2%
2008 2.37% 157%
2007 2.14% -72.7%
2006 2% 33%
2005 2.21% -31.5%
2004 1.86% 113.6%
2003 2.76% -8.6%
2002 2.26% -34.4%
2001 2.53% -37.2%
2000 2.72% 4.5%
1999 1.73% -13.4%
1998 1% -28%
1997 1.62% -1%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 93.4% in Zimbabwe. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 736% in Zimbabwe.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $4.6M
Raw agricultural goods $2.77M
Machinery & equipment $784K
Chemicals & pharma $775K
Animal & marine products $229K
Textiles & consumer goods $105K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $47K
Metals $36K
Raw materials & minerals $24K
Wood & paper products $6K
Zimbabwe
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $42M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.65M
Metals $302K
Precious metals & jewellery $121K
Machinery & equipment $40K
Raw agricultural goods $29K
Textiles & consumer goods $6K
Miscellaneous $3K
Wood & paper products $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Zimbabwe
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
$501M
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
62/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
+1.21%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$9.06B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$7.79B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$1.66B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$457M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
23.4%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
18%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Zimbabwe
Economic freedom 75.6 35.2
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 190/197
Property rights 85.9 19.4
Government integrity 85.5 20.7
Judicial effectiveness 96 16.8
Tax burden 74.7 73.6
Government spending 45.9 93.9
Fiscal health 79.7 52.4
Business freedom 84.2 42
Labor freedom 68.3 33.3
Monetary freedom 73.8 0
Trade freedom 83.2 50.4
Investment freedom 60 10
Financial freedom 70 10

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Zimbabwe
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Zimbabwe
2026 75.6 35.2
2025 75.5 35.1
2024 72.4 38.2
2023 73.7 39
2022 76.6 33.1
2021 77.9 39.5
2020 78.2 43.1
2019 77.7 40.4
2018 77.7 44
2017 78.5 44
2016 78 38.2
2015 79.1 37.6
2014 80.2 35.5
2013 79.4 28.6
2012 79.9 26.3
2011 80.8 22.1
2010 80.4 21.4
2009 80.5 22.7
2008 80.2 29.5
2007 78 32
2006 77.4 33.5
2005 75.8 35.2
2004 75.3 34.4
2003 74.8 36.7
2002 74.6 36.7
2001 71.2 38.8
2000 70.5 48.7
1999 69.3 47.2
1998 68.5 44.6
1997 67.9 48
1996 70.3 46.7
1995 69.4 48.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 35.2 for Zimbabwe, ranking 190/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Zimbabwe
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
50.6%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
35%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
8.69%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$39.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$5,870
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$485M
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
157/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$465M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$465M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$131M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.44%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
38.3%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
8.85%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/zimbabwe | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.