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Economy of Canada vs Maldives compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $7.74B for Maldives, ranking 10/197 and 159/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $9.71B (125.4% of GDP) in Maldives.

Canada vs Maldives GDP by year

Canada
Maldives
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Maldives
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 $7,741,066,861
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $7,061,608,267
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $6,621,008,704
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $6,177,123,352
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $5,252,457,370
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $3,712,604,583
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $5,726,094,799
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $5,404,344,163
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $4,816,426,257
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $4,409,942,624
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $4,129,505,319
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $3,697,353,039
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $3,295,009,238
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $2,886,163,997
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $2,774,350,240
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $2,588,176,055
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $2,345,294,875
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $2,271,646,188
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $1,868,383,461
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $1,575,200,391
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $1,163,362,438
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $1,226,829,563
2003 $895,542,074,085 $1,052,121,055
2002 $760,650,608,552 $897,031,250
2001 $738,981,792,355 $870,031,677
2000 $744,773,415,932 $624,337,145
1999 $678,414,215,521 $589,239,754
1998 $633,999,325,918 $540,096,398
1997 $654,987,722,086 $508,223,602
1996 $630,607,994,133 $450,382,328
1995 $605,961,090,061 $398,988,955
1994 $579,944,346,807 $356,014,932
1993 $579,053,561,739 $322,417,837
1992 $594,387,358,319 $284,875,809
1991 $612,527,712,316 $244,396,762
1990 $596,075,591,361 $215,043,970
1989 $567,211,993,243 $189,514,434
1988 $509,380,027,627 $168,514,513
1987 $433,134,238,311 $141,223,029
1986 $379,006,836,992 $141,882,254
1985 $366,186,012,450 $127,190,758
1984 $356,718,400,124 $109,503,546
1983 $341,866,277,183 $57,829,787
1982 $314,647,807,409 $47,911,340
1981 $307,246,642,756 $44,781,457
1980 $274,776,566,028 $42,463,576
1979 $243,891,124,296 $38,523,364
1978 $219,369,542,386 $24,369,109
1977 $212,325,176,305 $20,853,789
1976 $207,271,612,576 $22,399,467
1975 $174,419,757,177 $24,540,878
1974 $160,949,188,139 $39,120,171
1973 $131,764,343,566 $30,862,042
1972 $113,463,848,874 $25,177,138
1971 $99,606,454,744 $21,566,404
1970 $88,192,257,632 $19,328,038
1969 $79,405,011,125 -
1968 $72,048,833,006 -
1967 $65,856,924,424 -
1966 $61,252,415,405 -
1965 $54,649,410,479 -
1964 $49,503,663,836 -
1963 $45,140,337,827 -
1962 $42,336,211,556 -
1961 $41,038,192,838 -
1960 $40,563,768,947 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Maldives by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Maldives
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Maldives
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - $14,615 -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $13,379 $26,183
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $12,588 $24,786
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $11,786 $22,881
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $10,176 $19,053
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $7,394 $13,425
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $11,740 $23,077
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $11,423 $21,899
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $10,510 $19,768
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $9,948 $18,770
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $9,645 $17,875
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $8,939 $16,723
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $8,236 $15,264
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $7,461 $13,989
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $7,425 $13,726
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $7,174 $12,797
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $6,734 $12,266
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $6,757 $13,779
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $5,758 $12,852
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $5,019 $12,075
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $3,797 $9,704
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $4,070 $10,770
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $3,549 $10,065
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $3,076 $8,823
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $3,034 $8,236
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $2,214 $8,526
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $2,124 $8,162
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $1,980 $7,710
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $1,898 $7,226
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $1,717 $6,687
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $1,555 $6,223
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,419 $5,520
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,317 $5,138
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,194 $4,881
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,054 $4,604
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $957 $4,528
1989 $20,795 - $870 -
1988 $19,013 - $799 -
1987 $16,378 - $692 -
1986 $14,521 - $720 -
1985 $14,170 - $669 -
1984 $13,930 - $594 -
1983 $13,477 - $323 -
1982 $12,527 - $274.8 -
1981 $12,379 - $264.1 -
1980 $11,208 - $257.6 -
1979 $10,078 - $240.2 -
1978 $9,154 - $156.1 -
1977 $8,949 - $137.3 -
1976 $8,839 - $151.8 -
1975 $7,537 - $171.4 -
1974 $7,057 - $281.5 -
1973 $5,858 - $228.7 -
1972 $5,107 - $192.2 -
1971 $4,535 - $169.8 -
1970 $4,136 - $156.9 -
1969 $3,776 - - -
1968 $3,473 - - -
1967 $3,226 - - -
1966 $3,055 - - -
1965 $2,777 - - -
1964 $2,562 - - -
1963 $2,380 - - -
1962 $2,274 - - -
1961 $2,246 - - -
1960 $2,265 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $14,615 in Maldives, ranking 75/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Maldives ranks 81st at $26,183.

Economic indicators

Canada Maldives
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$7.74B
2025
GDP rank
10/197
2025
159/197
2025
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
6.31%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$14,615
2025
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
75/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$26,183
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
81/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$9.71B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
125.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$18,329
2025
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
35/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$9,733
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
82
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
23.3%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
3.8%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
36.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
3.5%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
4.56%
2019
Population
42199836
532468

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Maldives
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Maldives
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 36.5% 125.4%
2024 44.3% 110% 43.9% 133.3%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 46.7% 122.4%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 42% 111.6%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 40.6% 123.4%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 50.4% 155.7%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 32.9% 77.2%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 31.9% 70.7%
2017 40.5% 91% 30.4% 63.8%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 37.3% 61.9%
2015 40% 92.3% 33.8% 54.8%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 29.1% 55.1%
2013 40% 87.7% 27% 55.9%
2012 40.9% 87% 29.8% 57.1%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 31.3% 51.9%
2010 43.1% 84% 33.2% 52.7%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 37% 48.4%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 35.6% 39%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 34.8% 35.8%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 35% 36.8%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 38.8% 43.2%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 24.1% 34.7%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 26.4% 37.6%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 29.6% 44.3%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 29.6% 41.8%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 29% 39%
1999 41.8% 89% 28% 38.9%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 25.9% 39.3%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 25.2% 38.1%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 27.3% 46.9%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 31.3% 52.2%
1994 49% 97.5% 30.7% 54.6%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 34.7% 55.7%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 36.1% 49%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 37.7% 46.7%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 33.3% 42.4%
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Maldives spent $2.83B, or 36.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 125.4% in Maldives, ranking 14/185 and 11/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Maldives
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Maldives
2025 -1.77% -2.94%
2024 -2.12% -11.6%
2023 -0.16% -13.2%
2022 0.62% -11.2%
2021 -3.06% -14.2%
2020 -10.9% -23.7%
2019 -0.02% -6.54%
2018 0.36% -5.17%
2017 -0.11% -3.02%
2016 -0.45% -9.93%
2015 -0.06% -6.52%
2014 0.17% -2.42%
2013 -1.49% -3.49%
2012 -2.52% -6.91%
2011 -3.31% -8.13%
2010 -4.74% -13.6%
2009 -3.88% -17.9%
2008 0.18% -9.92%
2007 1.82% -3.16%
2006 1.83% -4.52%
2005 1.55% -7.81%
2004 0.77% -2.26%
2003 -0.13% -3.45%
2002 -0.23% -3.97%
2001 0.53% -3.97%
2000 2.64% -3.89%
1999 1.66% -3.03%
1998 0.14% -2.25%
1997 0.04% -1.46%
1996 -3.05% -2.01%
1995 -5.49% -5.66%
1994 -6.94% -4.82%
1993 -8.93% -13.9%
1992 -9.2% -12.6%
1991 -8.36% -10.2%
1990 -5.91% -12.8%
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $41B, equivalent to 1.77% of GDP. This compares to Maldives' deficit of $228M, or 2.94% of GDP.

Over the past 36 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Maldives ran a deficit in 36 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 7.56% of GDP for Maldives.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Maldives
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Maldives
2025 2.07% 3.5%
2024 2.38% 1.4%
2023 3.88% 2.6%
2022 6.8% 2.6%
2021 3.4% 0.2%
2020 0.72% -1.6%
2019 1.95% 1.3%
2018 2.27% 1.4%
2017 1.6% 2.3%
2016 1.43% 0.8%
2015 1.13% 1.4%
2014 1.91% 2.4%
2013 0.94% 4%
2012 1.52% 10.9%
2011 2.91% 11.3%
2010 1.78% 6.1%
2009 0.3% 4.5%
2008 2.37% 12%
2007 2.14% 6.8%
2006 2% 3.5%
2005 2.21% 2.5%
2004 1.86% 6.3%
2003 2.76% -2.8%
2002 2.26% 0.9%
2001 2.53% 0.7%
2000 2.72% -1.2%
1999 1.73% 3%
1998 1% -1.4%
1997 1.62% 7.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 3.21% in Maldives. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 3.5% in Maldives.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $23.8M
Miscellaneous $11.6M
Metals $774K
Wood & paper products $736K
Raw materials & minerals $325K
Chemicals & pharma $225K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $179K
Textiles & consumer goods $103K
Animal & marine products $2K
Weapons & explosives $2K
Maldives
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $24K
Animal & marine products $4K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Maldives
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
-$1.32B
2024
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
126/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
-18.7%
2024
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$3.46B
2024
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$383M
2024
Service imports
$169B
2025
$1.89B
2024
Service exports
$172B
2025
$5.03B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
78.3%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
78.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Maldives
Economic freedom 75.6 47.6
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 174/197
Property rights 85.9 52.2
Government integrity 85.5 41.9
Judicial effectiveness 96 39.3
Tax burden 74.7 89.9
Government spending 45.9 39.5
Fiscal health 79.7 0
Business freedom 84.2 49.7
Labor freedom 68.3 54.1
Monetary freedom 73.8 76.4
Trade freedom 83.2 62.8
Investment freedom 60 35
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Maldives
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Maldives
2026 75.6 47.6
2025 75.5 48.3
2024 72.4 47.8
2023 73.7 46.6
2022 76.6 47.3
2021 77.9 55.2
2020 78.2 56.5
2019 77.7 53.2
2018 77.7 51.1
2017 78.5 50.3
2016 78 53.9
2015 79.1 53.4
2014 80.2 51
2013 79.4 49
2012 79.9 49.2
2011 80.8 48.3
2010 80.4 49
2009 80.5 51.3
2008 80.2 -
2007 78 -
2006 77.4 -
2005 75.8 -
2004 75.3 -
2003 74.8 -
2002 74.6 -
2001 71.2 -
2000 70.5 -
1999 69.3 -
1998 68.5 -
1997 67.9 -
1996 70.3 -
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 47.6 for Maldives, ranking 174/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Maldives
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
69.9%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
9.33%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
4.59%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$6.86B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$25,600
2025
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$985M
2025
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
143/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
-$806M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$806M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
8.02%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
15%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
30.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/maldives | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1996, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2023–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.