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Economy of Canada vs Ivory Coast compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $87.1B for Ivory Coast, ranking 9/197 and 77/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $51.6B (59.3% of GDP) in Ivory Coast.

Canada vs Ivory Coast GDP by year

Canada
Ivory Coast
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Ivory Coast
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $87,113,179,149
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $80,780,312,569
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $70,922,824,814
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $72,794,636,654
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $63,027,852,805
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $60,382,894,697
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $58,522,477,787
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $52,512,343,997
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $48,407,761,037
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $45,815,005,169
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $48,843,005,614
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $42,760,235,485
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $36,302,302,877
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $36,693,710,801
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $34,936,307,980
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $33,886,813,250
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $34,078,240,293
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $28,760,090,953
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $25,281,413,263
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $24,036,918,703
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $23,510,575,681
2003 $895,540,646,635 $21,251,754,340
2002 $760,649,334,098 $18,054,383,321
2001 $738,981,792,355 $16,810,537,044
2000 $744,773,415,932 $16,577,533,892
1999 $678,412,196,271 $18,870,992,456
1998 $634,000,000,000 $19,619,654,756
1997 $654,986,999,856 $18,047,558,038
1996 $630,607,994,133 $18,071,152,831
1995 $605,961,090,061 $11,000,146,267
1994 $579,944,346,807 $8,313,557,510
1993 $579,053,561,739 $11,045,760,288
1992 $594,387,358,319 $11,152,971,274
1991 $612,527,712,316 $10,492,628,581
1990 $596,075,591,361 $10,795,850,583
1989 $567,211,993,243 $9,757,410,645
1988 $509,380,027,627 $10,255,169,806
1987 $433,134,238,311 $10,087,654,465
1986 $379,006,836,992 $9,158,302,100
1985 $366,186,012,450 $6,977,650,644
1984 $356,718,400,124 $6,841,639,247
1983 $341,866,277,183 $6,838,184,773
1982 $314,647,807,409 $7,567,110,849
1981 $307,246,642,756 $8,432,589,942
1980 $274,776,566,028 $10,175,617,609
1979 $243,891,124,296 $9,142,933,967
1978 $219,369,542,386 $7,900,526,298
1977 $212,325,176,305 $6,265,068,189
1976 $207,271,612,576 $4,662,053,825
1975 $174,419,757,177 $3,893,839,190
1974 $160,949,188,139 $3,070,152,309
1973 $131,764,343,566 $2,508,421,426
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,849,400,402
1971 $99,606,454,744 $1,584,128,509
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,455,482,795
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,361,360,293
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,281,281,277
1967 $65,856,924,424 $1,082,922,725
1966 $61,252,415,405 $1,024,102,880
1965 $54,649,410,479 $919,771,229
1964 $49,503,663,836 $921,063,327
1963 $45,140,337,827 $761,047,198
1962 $42,336,211,556 $645,284,474
1961 $41,038,192,838 $618,245,634
1960 $40,563,768,947 $546,203,559

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Ivory Coast by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Ivory Coast
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Ivory Coast
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $2,728 $7,669
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $2,592 $7,237
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $2,333 $6,719
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $2,456 $6,045
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $2,180 $5,544
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $2,142 $5,516
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $2,131 $4,946
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $1,964 $4,690
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $1,863 $4,531
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $1,815 $4,404
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,991 $4,074
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,786 $3,619
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $1,547 $3,291
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $1,597 $3,176
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $1,554 $3,361
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $1,540 $3,177
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $1,584 $3,116
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $1,368 $2,985
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $1,230 $2,942
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $1,198 $2,842
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $1,200 $2,794
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $1,111 $2,702
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $968 $2,851
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $925 $2,962
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $937 $3,041
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $1,096 $3,065
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $1,177 $3,086
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $1,125 $3,040
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $1,170 $2,832
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $740 $2,683
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $582 $2,551
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $804 $2,577
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $845 $2,625
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $827 $2,677
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $886 $2,693
1989 $20,795 - $833 -
1988 $19,013 - $910 -
1987 $16,378 - $930 -
1986 $14,521 - $877 -
1985 $14,170 - $695 -
1984 $13,930 - $709 -
1983 $13,477 - $737 -
1982 $12,527 - $849 -
1981 $12,379 - $986 -
1980 $11,208 - $1,238 -
1979 $10,078 - $1,157 -
1978 $9,154 - $1,039 -
1977 $8,949 - $856 -
1976 $8,839 - $661 -
1975 $7,537 - $575 -
1974 $7,057 - $474 -
1973 $5,858 - $406 -
1972 $5,107 - $313 -
1971 $4,535 - $280.3 -
1970 $4,136 - $269 -
1969 $3,776 - $262.2 -
1968 $3,473 - $256.8 -
1967 $3,226 - $225.6 -
1966 $3,055 - $221.8 -
1965 $2,777 - $207 -
1964 $2,562 - $215.5 -
1963 $2,380 - $185.1 -
1962 $2,274 - $163.1 -
1961 $2,246 - $162.3 -
1960 $2,265 - $148.7 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $2,728 in Ivory Coast, ranking 142/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Ivory Coast ranks 145th at $7,669.

Economic indicators

Canada Ivory Coast
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$87.1B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
77/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
6.02%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$2,728
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
142/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$7,669
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
145/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$51.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
59.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$1,616
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
125/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$2,733
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$7.33B
2020
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
27.8%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
3.1%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
20.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
3.45%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
2.31%
2022
Population
42181965
33722528

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Ivory Coast
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Ivory Coast
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 20.4% 59.3%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 21.3% 57.5%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 21.9% 56%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 20.5% 50.2%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 20.4% 46.3%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 17.2% 37.2%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 17.6% 35.3%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 18.1% 32.6%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 17.6% 31.1%
2015 40% 92% 16.5% 29.2%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 15.2% 26.7%
2013 40% 87.6% 15.9% 24.6%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 16.1% 24.7%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 13.2% 50%
2010 43.1% 84% 14.5% 45.6%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 14.4% 46.5%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 14.6% 51.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 14.8% 53.5%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 14.5% 57.5%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 13.6% 58.2%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 13.5% 56.7%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 12.7% 56.4%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 13.1% 63%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 11.4% 71.2%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 12.9% 74%
1999 41.8% 89% 13.7% 78%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 14.6% 75.2%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 15.2% 84.2%
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Ivory Coast spent $17.7B, or 20.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 59.3% in Ivory Coast, ranking 15/185 and 82/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Ivory Coast
2024 -2.01% -3.97%
2023 0.07% -5.19%
2022 0.56% -6.74%
2021 -3.06% -4.86%
2020 -10.9% -5.42%
2019 -0.02% -2.22%
2018 0.36% -2.9%
2017 -0.11% -3.27%
2016 -0.45% -2.98%
2015 -0.06% -2.04%
2014 0.17% -1.57%
2013 -1.49% -1.62%
2012 -2.52% -2.28%
2011 -3.31% -2.89%
2010 -4.74% -1.34%
2009 -3.88% -1%
2008 0.18% -0.21%
2007 1.82% -0.39%
2006 1.83% -1.03%
2005 1.55% -1.03%
2004 0.77% -1.04%
2003 -0.13% -1.26%
2002 -0.23% -0.64%
2001 0.53% 0.7%
2000 2.64% -0.83%
1999 1.66% -1.27%
1998 0.14% -0.7%
1997 0.04% -0.75%
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Ivory Coast's deficit of $3.45B, or 3.97% of GDP.

Over the past 28 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 14 of those years, while Ivory Coast ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 0.74% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.1% of GDP for Ivory Coast.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Ivory Coast
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Ivory Coast
2024 2.38% 3.45%
2023 3.88% 4.37%
2022 6.8% 5.23%
2021 3.4% 4.16%
2020 0.72% 2.41%
2019 1.95% 0.79%
2018 2.27% 0.4%
2017 1.6% 0.69%
2016 1.43% 0.72%
2015 1.13% 1.25%
2014 1.91% 0.45%
2013 0.94% 2.58%
2012 1.52% 1.3%
2011 2.91% 4.91%
2010 1.78% 1.23%
2009 0.3% 1.02%
2008 2.37% 6.31%
2007 2.14% 1.89%
2006 2% 2.47%
2005 2.21% 3.89%
2004 1.86% 1.46%
2003 2.76% 3.3%
2002 2.26% 3.08%
2001 2.53% 4.36%
2000 2.72% 2.53%
1999 1.73% 0.7%
1998 1% 4.61%
1997 1.62% 4.02%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 2.63% in Ivory Coast. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 3.45% in Ivory Coast.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $44.2M
Transport & tourism services $30.7M
Raw materials & minerals $17.1M
Raw agricultural goods $7.92M
Textiles & consumer goods $2.28M
Animal & marine products $1.59M
Miscellaneous $1.35M
Wood & paper products $1.2M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.06M
Metals $596K
Ivory Coast
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $140M
Raw materials & minerals $129M
Raw agricultural goods $3.47M
Wood & paper products $1.66M
Textiles & consumer goods $205K
Chemicals & pharma $125K
Animal & marine products $75K
Machinery & equipment $44K
Metals $5K
Miscellaneous $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Ivory Coast
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$9.21B
2023
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
175/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-11.4%
2023
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$15.4B
2023
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$17.1B
2023
Service imports
$160B
2024
$8.78B
2023
Service exports
$159B
2024
$1.5B
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
25.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
26%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Ivory Coast
Economic freedom 75.6 58.1
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 111/197
Property rights 85.9 43.9
Government integrity 85.5 39.3
Judicial effectiveness 96 30.2
Tax burden 74.7 81.6
Government spending 45.9 86.6
Fiscal health 79.7 48
Business freedom 84.2 68.3
Labor freedom 68.3 57.1
Monetary freedom 73.8 67.6
Trade freedom 83.2 74.4
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 50

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Ivory Coast
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Ivory Coast
2026 75.6 58.1
2025 75.5 57.8
2024 72.4 58.4
2023 73.7 60.4
2022 76.6 61.6
2021 77.9 61.7
2020 78.2 59.7
2019 77.7 62.4
2018 77.7 62
2017 78.5 63
2016 78 60
2015 79.1 58.5
2014 80.2 57.7
2013 79.4 54.1
2012 79.9 54.3
2011 80.8 55.4
2010 80.4 54.1
2009 80.5 55
2008 80.2 53.9
2007 78 54.9
2006 77.4 56.2
2005 75.8 56.6
2004 75.3 57.8
2003 74.8 56.7
2002 74.6 57.3
2001 71.2 54.8
2000 70.5 50.2
1999 69.3 51.7
1998 68.5 51.3
1997 67.9 50.5
1996 70.3 49.9
1995 69.4 53.4

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/ivory-coast | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 58.1 for Ivory Coast, ranking 111/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Ivory Coast
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
51.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
24%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
15.9%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$80.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$7,360
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
n/a
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
n/a
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$2B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$3.12B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$228M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
6.44%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
37.5%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
20.9%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.