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Economy of Canada vs Gabon compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $20.9B for Gabon, ranking 9/197 and 127/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $15.2B (72.7% of GDP) in Gabon.

Canada vs Gabon GDP by year

Canada
Gabon
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Gabon
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $20,895,684,426
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $19,388,372,071
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $20,440,655,695
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $19,444,935,097
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $15,342,236,164
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $16,874,405,465
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $16,867,326,402
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $14,929,487,485
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $14,023,890,265
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $14,383,107,763
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $18,203,966,896
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $17,595,744,798
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $17,170,464,016
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $18,210,307,744
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $14,372,593,020
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $12,113,699,068
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $15,571,348,344
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $12,455,409,587
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $10,327,598,306
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $9,582,783,991
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $7,770,219,008
2003 $895,540,646,635 $6,511,903,365
2002 $760,649,334,098 $5,335,451,100
2001 $738,981,792,355 $5,023,265,413
2000 $744,773,415,932 $5,080,483,629
1999 $678,412,196,271 $4,662,992,036
1998 $634,000,000,000 $4,483,417,310
1997 $654,986,999,856 $5,326,817,115
1996 $630,607,994,133 $5,694,040,003
1995 $605,961,090,061 $4,958,845,648
1994 $579,944,346,807 $4,190,819,344
1993 $579,053,561,739 $4,378,645,081
1992 $594,387,358,319 $5,592,390,827
1991 $612,527,712,316 $5,402,919,785
1990 $596,075,591,361 $5,952,293,765
1989 $567,211,993,243 $4,186,411,464
1988 $509,380,027,627 $3,834,503,376
1987 $433,134,238,311 $3,281,797,043
1986 $379,006,836,992 $3,403,638,189
1985 $366,186,012,450 $3,339,914,757
1984 $356,718,400,124 $3,561,451,561
1983 $341,866,277,183 $3,391,275,732
1982 $314,647,807,409 $3,618,007,841
1981 $307,246,642,756 $3,862,269,121
1980 $274,776,566,028 $4,279,637,942
1979 $243,891,124,296 $3,030,251,120
1978 $219,369,542,386 $2,389,479,272
1977 $212,325,176,305 $2,809,349,069
1976 $207,271,612,576 $3,009,409,974
1975 $174,419,757,177 $2,157,592,940
1974 $160,949,188,139 $1,544,216,002
1973 $131,764,343,566 $722,780,701
1972 $113,463,848,874 $430,508,359
1971 $99,606,454,744 $381,687,073
1970 $88,192,257,632 $323,802,476
1969 $79,405,011,125 $318,124,701
1968 $72,048,833,006 $294,468,564
1967 $65,856,924,424 $271,543,680
1966 $61,252,415,405 $245,849,781
1965 $54,649,410,479 $226,474,286
1964 $49,503,663,836 $215,679,855
1963 $45,140,337,827 $154,480,244
1962 $42,336,211,556 $182,796,536
1961 $41,038,192,838 $167,637,907
1960 $40,563,768,947 $141,468,978

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Gabon by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Gabon
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Gabon
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $8,230 $21,510
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $7,803 $20,756
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $8,409 $19,993
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $8,181 $18,524
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $6,606 $14,477
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $7,441 $15,950
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $7,624 $15,432
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $6,922 $14,797
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $6,677 $13,998
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $7,047 $14,306
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $9,201 $14,854
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $9,198 $14,498
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $9,297 $14,620
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $10,219 $14,784
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $8,357 $14,015
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $7,291 $13,384
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $9,689 $13,734
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $8,004 $14,391
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $6,847 $13,637
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $6,548 $14,028
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $5,466 $13,638
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $4,711 $13,564
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $3,966 $13,369
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $3,836 $13,556
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $3,983 $13,326
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $3,751 $13,629
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $3,700 $15,138
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $4,509 $14,837
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $4,943 $14,147
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $4,415 $13,750
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $3,828 $13,164
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $4,106 $12,757
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $5,386 $12,312
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $5,345 $12,760
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $6,051 $11,952
1989 $20,795 - $4,374 -
1988 $19,013 - $4,119 -
1987 $16,378 - $3,624 -
1986 $14,521 - $3,865 -
1985 $14,170 - $3,898 -
1984 $13,930 - $4,273 -
1983 $13,477 - $4,182 -
1982 $12,527 - $4,584 -
1981 $12,379 - $5,026 -
1980 $11,208 - $5,718 -
1979 $10,078 - $4,155 -
1978 $9,154 - $3,360 -
1977 $8,949 - $4,048 -
1976 $8,839 - $4,441 -
1975 $7,537 - $3,258 -
1974 $7,057 - $2,384 -
1973 $5,858 - $1,140 -
1972 $5,107 - $693 -
1971 $4,535 - $627 -
1970 $4,136 - $543 -
1969 $3,776 - $545 -
1968 $3,473 - $515 -
1967 $3,226 - $482 -
1966 $3,055 - $443 -
1965 $2,777 - $415 -
1964 $2,562 - $400 -
1963 $2,380 - $290.7 -
1962 $2,274 - $348 -
1961 $2,246 - $323 -
1960 $2,265 - $276.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $8,230 in Gabon, ranking 93/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Gabon ranks 90th at $21,510.

Economic indicators

Canada Gabon
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$20.9B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
127/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
3.39%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$8,230
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
93/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$21,510
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
90/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$15.2B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
72.7%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$5,985
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
75/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$5,368
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
27.7%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.2%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
24.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
1.17%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
20.4%
2010
Population
42181965
2663339

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Gabon
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Gabon
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 24.8% 72.7%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 21.5% 70.6%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 19.7% 65.6%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 17.3% 72.9%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 19.8% 83%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 17.4% 59.8%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 17.1% 62.3%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 18.1% 62.9%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 21.8% 64.5%
2015 40% 92% 22.3% 44.7%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 23.8% 34.1%
2013 40% 87.6% 34.7% 31.1%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 23.9% 21.4%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 22.1% 21.4%
2010 43.1% 84% 23.1% 21.3%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 22.6% 26%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 18.9% 20.1%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 19.4% 39.2%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 21.1% 34.9%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 20.8% 41.7%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 20.9% 60.3%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 21.2% 70.2%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 25.7% 81.1%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 27.8% 81%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 20.3% 72.5%
1999 41.8% 89% 25.5% 73.1%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 45.5% 87.6%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 29.7% 57%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 22.2% 64.5%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 25.1% 73.4%
1994 49% 97.5% 23.9% 71.3%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 26.9% 90.1%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 26.5% 87.9%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 25.1% 89.3%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 22.6% 90%
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Gabon spent $5.18B, or 24.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 72.7% in Gabon, ranking 15/185 and 51/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Gabon
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Gabon
2024 -2.01% -3.84%
2023 0.07% 1.79%
2022 0.56% -0.89%
2021 -3.06% -1.93%
2020 -10.9% -2.19%
2019 -0.02% 2.13%
2018 0.36% -0.21%
2017 -0.11% -1.7%
2016 -0.45% -4.71%
2015 -0.06% -1.12%
2014 0.17% 5.98%
2013 -1.49% -3.07%
2012 -2.52% 6.2%
2011 -3.31% 1.41%
2010 -4.74% 2.7%
2009 -3.88% 6.77%
2008 0.18% 11%
2007 1.82% 8.06%
2006 1.83% 8.67%
2005 1.55% 7.98%
2004 0.77% 6.99%
2003 -0.13% 7.75%
2002 -0.23% 3.72%
2001 0.53% 4.07%
2000 2.64% 11.1%
1999 1.66% 1.11%
1998 0.14% -13.1%
1997 0.04% 1.41%
1996 -3.05% 2.12%
1995 -5.49% 2.64%
1994 -6.94% -1.53%
1993 -8.93% -5.35%
1992 -9.2% -4.9%
1991 -8.36% -2.03%
1990 -5.91% -3.83%
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Gabon's deficit of $802M, or 3.84% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Gabon ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.96% of GDP, compared to surplus of 1.52% of GDP for Gabon.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Gabon
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Gabon
2024 2.38% 1.17%
2023 3.88% 3.63%
2022 6.8% 4.23%
2021 3.4% 1.09%
2020 0.72% 1.35%
2019 1.95% 2.46%
2018 2.27% 4.75%
2017 1.6% 2.65%
2016 1.43% 2.11%
2015 1.13% -0.34%
2014 1.91% 4.69%
2013 0.94% 0.51%
2012 1.52% 2.65%
2011 2.91% 1.26%
2010 1.78% 1.46%
2009 0.3% 1.89%
2008 2.37% 5.26%
2007 2.14% 5.03%
2006 2% -1.41%
2005 2.21% 3.71%
2004 1.86% 0.41%
2003 2.76% 2.24%
2002 2.26% 0.04%
2001 2.53% 2.14%
2000 2.72% 0.5%
1999 1.73% -1.94%
1998 1% 1.45%
1997 1.62% 3.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 2.03% in Gabon. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 1.17% in Gabon.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $9.44M
Animal & marine products $3.81M
Metals $672K
Raw agricultural goods $659K
Textiles & consumer goods $375K
Chemicals & pharma $111K
Raw materials & minerals $103K
Miscellaneous $97K
Wood & paper products $21K
Precious metals & jewellery $8K
Gabon
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $3.86M
Metals $991K
Wood & paper products $375K
Textiles & consumer goods $128K
Raw agricultural goods $52K
Miscellaneous $7K
Raw materials & minerals $5K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Canada Gabon
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
$141M
2015
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
66/190
2015
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
+0.98%
2015
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$3.17B
2015
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$5.11B
2015
Service imports
$160B
2024
$1.88B
2015
Service exports
$159B
2024
$277M
2015
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
27.5%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
64.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Gabon
Economic freedom 75.6 56.6
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 120/197
Property rights 85.9 30
Government integrity 85.5 22.6
Judicial effectiveness 96 19.9
Tax burden 74.7 76.5
Government spending 45.9 85.5
Fiscal health 79.7 87.9
Business freedom 84.2 63.6
Labor freedom 68.3 55.4
Monetary freedom 73.8 80.9
Trade freedom 83.2 57.4
Investment freedom 60 60
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Gabon
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Gabon
2026 75.6 56.6
2025 75.5 56.3
2024 72.4 56.9
2023 73.7 56.1
2022 76.6 55.8
2021 77.9 58.1
2020 78.2 56.7
2019 77.7 56.3
2018 77.7 58
2017 78.5 58.6
2016 78 59
2015 79.1 58.3
2014 80.2 57.8
2013 79.4 57.8
2012 79.9 56.4
2011 80.8 56.7
2010 80.4 55.4
2009 80.5 55
2008 80.2 54.2
2007 78 54.8
2006 77.4 56.1
2005 75.8 54.8
2004 75.3 57.1
2003 74.8 58.7
2002 74.6 58
2001 71.2 55
2000 70.5 58.2
1999 69.3 60.5
1998 68.5 59.2
1997 67.9 58.8
1996 70.3 55.7
1995 69.4 57.5

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/gabon | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 56.6 for Gabon, ranking 120/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Gabon
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
36.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
52.9%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
6.56%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$19.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$20,400
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$1.45B
2023
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
136/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$25.3M
2015
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$1.14B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$33.8M
2019
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
5.67%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
33.4%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
19.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.