Skip to content

Economy of Canada vs Mauritania compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $10.9B for Mauritania, ranking 9/197 and 153/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $4.67B (42.8% of GDP) in Mauritania.

Canada vs Mauritania GDP by year

Canada
Mauritania
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Mauritania
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $10,908,045,687
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $10,726,838,461
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $9,557,966,698
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $9,222,536,364
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $8,260,752,385
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $7,894,764,886
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $7,473,550,557
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $6,800,135,898
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $6,398,747,592
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $6,166,863,897
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $6,592,537,782
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $7,223,071,097
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $6,728,208,836
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $6,764,627,746
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $5,628,878,798
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $4,714,595,548
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $5,206,437,194
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $4,346,212,355
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $3,919,577,286
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $2,936,019,526
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $2,362,501,023
2003 $895,540,646,635 $2,051,147,607
2002 $760,649,334,098 $1,777,057,481
2001 $738,981,792,355 $1,746,063,558
2000 $744,773,415,932 $1,779,520,886
1999 $678,412,196,271 $1,985,922,776
1998 $634,000,000,000 $2,032,347,665
1997 $654,986,999,856 $2,071,996,564
1996 $630,607,994,133 $2,132,087,009
1995 $605,961,090,061 $2,091,726,101
1994 $579,944,346,807 $1,944,876,755
1993 $579,053,561,739 $1,847,353,211
1992 $594,387,358,319 $2,164,298,425
1991 $612,527,712,316 $2,133,692,697
1990 $596,075,591,361 $1,506,914,408
1989 $567,211,993,243 $1,450,647,019
1988 $509,380,027,627 $1,414,951,290
1987 $433,134,238,311 $1,344,664,725
1986 $379,006,836,992 $1,186,628,778
1985 $366,186,012,450 $1,009,723,326
1984 $356,718,400,124 $1,074,373,230
1983 $341,866,277,183 $1,165,171,263
1982 $314,647,807,409 $1,108,776,653
1981 $307,246,642,756 $1,105,494,682
1980 $274,776,566,028 $1,047,925,106
1979 $243,891,124,296 $951,900,945
1978 $219,369,542,386 $804,629,877
1977 $212,325,176,305 $799,030,017
1976 $207,271,612,576 $775,045,517
1975 $174,419,757,177 $703,377,837
1974 $160,949,188,139 $613,010,553
1973 $131,764,343,566 $493,237,876
1972 $113,463,848,874 $391,669,449
1971 $99,606,454,744 $335,568,907
1970 $88,192,257,632 $309,405,316
1969 $79,405,011,125 $295,062,308
1968 $72,048,833,006 $311,395,937
1967 $65,856,924,424 $282,615,310
1966 $61,252,415,405 $266,533,605
1965 $54,649,410,479 $255,340,475
1964 $49,503,663,836 $224,495,744
1963 $45,140,337,827 $168,186,297
1962 $42,336,211,556 $164,271,558
1961 $41,038,192,838 $159,213,430
1960 $40,563,768,947 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Mauritania by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Mauritania
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Mauritania
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $2,110 $7,369
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $2,136 $6,966
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $1,960 $6,485
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $1,948 $5,837
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $1,796 $5,741
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $1,767 $5,610
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $1,723 $5,429
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $1,615 $5,353
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $1,566 $4,683
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $1,555 $3,978
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,713 $3,865
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,934 $3,831
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $1,859 $3,465
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $1,931 $3,271
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $1,660 $3,178
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $1,435 $3,159
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $1,636 $3,236
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $1,405 $3,278
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $1,301 $3,342
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $999 $2,809
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $824 $2,570
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $732 $2,447
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $649 $2,296
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $652 $2,280
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $681 $2,304
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $781 $2,411
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $821 $2,355
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $859 $2,325
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $904 $2,436
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $905 $2,306
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $865 $2,114
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $850 $2,209
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,036 $2,122
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,062 $2,116
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $772 $2,070
1989 $20,795 - $762 -
1988 $19,013 - $762 -
1987 $16,378 - $746 -
1986 $14,521 - $677 -
1985 $14,170 - $593 -
1984 $13,930 - $650 -
1983 $13,477 - $725 -
1982 $12,527 - $710 -
1981 $12,379 - $729 -
1980 $11,208 - $711 -
1979 $10,078 - $664 -
1978 $9,154 - $578 -
1977 $8,949 - $590 -
1976 $8,839 - $589 -
1975 $7,537 - $551 -
1974 $7,057 - $494 -
1973 $5,858 - $410 -
1972 $5,107 - $335 -
1971 $4,535 - $296 -
1970 $4,136 - $281.3 -
1969 $3,776 - $276.6 -
1968 $3,473 - $301 -
1967 $3,226 - $281.5 -
1966 $3,055 - $273.6 -
1965 $2,777 - $270 -
1964 $2,562 - $244.3 -
1963 $2,380 - $188.2 -
1962 $2,274 - $189 -
1961 $2,246 - $188.2 -
1960 $2,265 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $2,110 in Mauritania, ranking 156/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Mauritania ranks 147th at $7,369.

Economic indicators

Canada Mauritania
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$10.9B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
153/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
6.31%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$2,110
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
156/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$7,369
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
147/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$4.67B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
42.8%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$904
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
145/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$2,078
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
24.6%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
3.1%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
23.6%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
2.49%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
10.4%
2019
Population
42181965
5505206

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Mauritania
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Mauritania
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 23.6% 42.8%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 24.8% 47.1%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 28.7% 50.5%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 20.8% 54.5%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 18.5% 56.5%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 17.8% 57.7%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 19% 59.2%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 20.3% 55.7%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 20.8% 57.6%
2015 40% 92% 25.7% 59.9%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 23.9% 49.5%
2013 40% 87.6% 20.1% 40.7%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 21.5% 39.3%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 17% 38.8%
2010 43.1% 84% 17.3% 43.9%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 19.6% 54.3%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 19.8% 57.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 19.7% 61.5%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 19% 38%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 21.3% 71.1%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 23.9% 22%
2003 40.3% 75.9% - 22.9%
2002 40.4% 79.6% - 59.5%
2001 41.1% 81.5% - 63.5%
2000 40.6% 80.4% - 55.5%
1999 41.8% 89% - -
1998 43.4% 93.3% - -
1997 43.5% 95.3% - -
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Mauritania spent $2.57B, or 23.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 42.8% in Mauritania, ranking 15/185 and 126/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Mauritania
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Mauritania
2024 -2.01% -1.35%
2023 0.07% -2.45%
2022 0.56% -3.09%
2021 -3.06% 2.6%
2020 -10.9% 2.78%
2019 -0.02% 2.65%
2018 0.36% 3.23%
2017 -0.11% 0.53%
2016 -0.45% 0.13%
2015 -0.06% -2.44%
2014 0.17% -2.64%
2013 -1.49% -0.66%
2012 -2.52% 1.67%
2011 -3.31% 0.07%
2010 -4.74% -0.45%
2009 -3.88% -3.59%
2008 0.18% -3.32%
2007 1.82% -1.38%
2006 1.83% 2.05%
2005 1.55% -3.16%
2004 0.77% -3.06%
2003 -0.13% -
2002 -0.23% -
2001 0.53% -
2000 2.64% -
1999 1.66% -
1998 0.14% -
1997 0.04% -
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Mauritania's deficit of $148M, or 1.35% of GDP.

Over the past 21 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 12 of those years, while Mauritania ran a deficit in 12 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.2% of GDP, compared to deficit of 0.57% of GDP for Mauritania.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Mauritania
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Mauritania
2024 2.38% 2.49%
2023 3.88% 4.95%
2022 6.8% 9.53%
2021 3.4% 3.57%
2020 0.72% 2.39%
2019 1.95% 2.3%
2018 2.27% 3.07%
2017 1.6% 2.25%
2016 1.43% 1.47%
2015 1.13% 3.25%
2014 1.91% 3.53%
2013 0.94% 4.13%
2012 1.52% 4.9%
2011 2.91% 5.69%
2010 1.78% 6.28%
2009 0.3% 2.22%
2008 2.37% 7.35%
2007 2.14% 7.25%
2006 2% 6.24%
2005 2.21% 12.1%
2004 1.86% 10.4%
2003 2.76% 5.15%
2002 2.26% 3.9%
2001 2.53% 4.71%
2000 2.72% 3.25%
1999 1.73% 4.07%
1998 1% 8.03%
1997 1.62% 4.63%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 4.97% in Mauritania. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 2.49% in Mauritania.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $19.9M
Raw agricultural goods $5.98M
Weapons & explosives $969K
Animal & marine products $447K
Textiles & consumer goods $279K
Chemicals & pharma $219K
Raw materials & minerals $199K
Metals $169K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $169K
Miscellaneous $126K
Mauritania
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $1.12B
Machinery & equipment $915K
Animal & marine products $207K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $120K
Raw materials & minerals $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Mauritania
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$1.04B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
124/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-9.53%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$4.32B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$3.83B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$1.05B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$230M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
52.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
41.4%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Mauritania
Economic freedom 75.6 53.9
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 136/197
Property rights 85.9 32.6
Government integrity 85.5 24.5
Judicial effectiveness 96 26.4
Tax burden 74.7 75.5
Government spending 45.9 80.2
Fiscal health 79.7 87.9
Business freedom 84.2 38.7
Labor freedom 68.3 53.6
Monetary freedom 73.8 77.8
Trade freedom 83.2 59.6
Investment freedom 60 50
Financial freedom 70 40

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Mauritania
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Mauritania
2026 75.6 53.9
2025 75.5 54.9
2024 72.4 55.3
2023 73.7 55.3
2022 76.6 55.3
2021 77.9 56.1
2020 78.2 55.3
2019 77.7 55.7
2018 77.7 54
2017 78.5 54.4
2016 78 54.8
2015 79.1 53.3
2014 80.2 53.2
2013 79.4 52.3
2012 79.9 53
2011 80.8 52.1
2010 80.4 52
2009 80.5 53.9
2008 80.2 55.2
2007 78 53.6
2006 77.4 55.7
2005 75.8 59.4
2004 75.3 61.8
2003 74.8 59
2002 74.6 52.5
2001 71.2 48.5
2000 70.5 46
1999 69.3 42.8
1998 68.5 43.7
1997 67.9 47
1996 70.3 45.5
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 53.9 for Mauritania, ranking 136/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Mauritania
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
42.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
30.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
19.3%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$11B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$7,300
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$2.04B
2021
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
126/177
2021
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$1.44B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$1.44B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$3.9M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
3.82%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
31.8%
2019
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
43.1%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/mauritania | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.