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Economy of Canada vs Guyana compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $27.1B for Guyana, ranking 10/197 and 120/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $7.74B (28.6% of GDP) in Guyana.

Canada vs Guyana GDP by year

Canada
Guyana
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Guyana
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 $27,097,477,218
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $24,662,714,628
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $16,918,503,597
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $14,718,388,489
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $8,041,362,110
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $5,471,256,595
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $5,173,760,192
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $4,787,636,998
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $4,748,174,334
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $4,482,697,337
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $4,279,840,194
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $4,127,660,152
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $4,167,800,929
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $4,063,088,536
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $3,691,384,318
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $3,432,912,517
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $3,165,663,153
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $3,025,187,433
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $2,730,971,595
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $2,379,817,991
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $824,880,550
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $787,814,379
2003 $895,542,074,085 $743,063,950
2002 $760,650,608,552 $726,131,435
2001 $738,981,792,355 $712,167,450
2000 $744,773,415,932 $712,667,897
1999 $678,414,215,521 $694,754,988
1998 $633,999,325,918 $717,530,683
1997 $654,987,722,086 $749,138,010
1996 $630,607,994,133 $705,406,001
1995 $605,961,090,061 $621,626,786
1994 $579,944,346,807 $545,278,380
1993 $579,053,561,739 $454,101,382
1992 $594,387,358,319 $373,573,141
1991 $612,527,712,316 $348,533,095
1990 $596,075,591,361 $396,582,263
1989 $567,211,993,243 $379,779,390
1988 $509,380,027,627 $413,799,990
1987 $433,134,238,311 $354,591,847
1986 $379,006,836,992 $504,651,140
1985 $366,186,012,450 $453,488,372
1984 $356,718,400,124 $437,631,605
1983 $341,866,277,183 $489,333,333
1982 $314,647,807,409 $482,000,000
1981 $307,246,642,756 $570,357,107
1980 $274,776,566,028 $603,200,000
1979 $243,891,124,296 $530,440,000
1978 $219,369,542,386 $507,080,000
1977 $212,325,176,305 $449,880,000
1976 $207,271,612,576 $454,440,000
1975 $174,419,757,177 $494,791,667
1974 $160,949,188,139 $433,954,545
1973 $131,764,343,566 $307,047,619
1972 $113,463,848,874 $285,380,952
1971 $99,606,454,744 $282,050,000
1970 $88,192,257,632 $267,800,000
1969 $79,405,011,125 $249,300,000
1968 $72,048,833,006 $229,750,000
1967 $65,856,924,424 $250,176,471
1966 $61,252,415,405 $228,705,882
1965 $54,649,410,479 $213,235,294
1964 $49,503,663,836 $194,774,513
1963 $45,140,337,827 $175,757,894
1962 $42,336,211,556 $194,949,513
1961 $41,038,192,838 $185,849,535
1960 $40,563,768,947 $170,216,241

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Guyana by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Guyana
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Guyana
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - $32,414 -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $29,675 $80,155
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $20,474 $54,729
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $17,913 $39,711
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $9,861 $22,866
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $6,776 $16,819
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $6,406 $13,241
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $6,048 $12,443
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $6,179 $12,243
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $5,871 $11,516
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $5,640 $11,408
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $5,473 $11,145
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $5,557 $11,200
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $5,444 $10,627
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $4,947 $10,066
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $4,582 $9,337
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $4,209 $8,824
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $4,009 $8,437
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $3,608 $8,110
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $3,136 $7,346
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $1,084 $6,761
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $1,033 $6,673
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $974 $6,392
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $951 $6,304
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $932 $6,131
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $932 $5,860
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $909 $5,812
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $940 $5,573
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $983 $5,615
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $928 $5,210
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $820 $4,753
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $721 $4,447
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $603 $4,027
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $498 $3,651
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $466 $3,322
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $529 $3,022
1989 $20,795 - $503 -
1988 $19,013 - $545 -
1987 $16,378 - $464 -
1986 $14,521 - $657 -
1985 $14,170 - $588 -
1984 $13,930 - $565 -
1983 $13,477 - $631 -
1982 $12,527 - $621 -
1981 $12,379 - $735 -
1980 $11,208 - $779 -
1979 $10,078 - $689 -
1978 $9,154 - $663 -
1977 $8,949 - $593 -
1976 $8,839 - $604 -
1975 $7,537 - $664 -
1974 $7,057 - $588 -
1973 $5,858 - $421 -
1972 $5,107 - $395 -
1971 $4,535 - $396 -
1970 $4,136 - $381 -
1969 $3,776 - $361 -
1968 $3,473 - $340 -
1967 $3,226 - $378 -
1966 $3,055 - $353 -
1965 $2,777 - $336 -
1964 $2,562 - $313 -
1963 $2,380 - $288.8 -
1962 $2,274 - $327 -
1961 $2,246 - $319 -
1960 $2,265 - $299.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $32,414 in Guyana, ranking 40/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Guyana ranks 15th at $80,155.

Economic indicators

Canada Guyana
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$27.1B
2025
GDP rank
10/197
2025
120/197
2025
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
19.3%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$32,414
2025
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
40/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$80,155
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
15/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$7.74B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
28.6%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$9,255
2025
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
63/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$13,307
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
82
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
34.4%
1998
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
1.1%
1998
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
23.9%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
3.3%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
14.7%
2021
Population
42199836
843423

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Guyana
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Guyana
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 23.9% 28.6%
2024 44.3% 110% 23.3% 24.3%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 23.7% 26.7%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 20.4% 24.8%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 24.8% 38.9%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 30.5% 47.4%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 28.1% 34.2%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 27.6% 37.4%
2017 40.5% 91% 26.3% 35.2%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 25.2% 35.7%
2015 40% 92.3% 21.7% 42.2%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 23.1% 38.7%
2013 40% 87.7% 21.4% 41.4%
2012 40.9% 87% 21.8% 44.7%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 23.5% 51.7%
2010 43.1% 84% 23.9% 53.1%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 25.4% 52.3%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 24.1% 48.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 25.5% 47.7%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 29% 74.5%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 28.4% 90.7%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 23.7% 91.8%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 23.5% 95.6%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 23.1% 105.1%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 24% 104.6%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 22.9% 97.2%
1999 41.8% 89% 17.6% 97.1%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 19.7% 108%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 20.9% 101.3%
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Guyana spent $6.48B, or 23.9% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 28.6% in Guyana, ranking 14/185 and 160/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Guyana
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Guyana
2025 -1.77% -5.37%
2024 -2.12% -7.27%
2023 -0.16% -5.62%
2022 0.62% -5.1%
2021 -3.06% -6.94%
2020 -10.9% -7.78%
2019 -0.02% -2.52%
2018 0.36% -2.52%
2017 -0.11% -3.14%
2016 -0.45% -3.21%
2015 -0.06% -0.75%
2014 0.17% -3.88%
2013 -1.49% -2.16%
2012 -2.52% -3.11%
2011 -3.31% -2.13%
2010 -4.74% -1.88%
2009 -3.88% -2.5%
2008 0.18% -2.78%
2007 1.82% -3.35%
2006 1.83% -6.16%
2005 1.55% -6.54%
2004 0.77% -2.88%
2003 -0.13% -4.81%
2002 -0.23% -2.42%
2001 0.53% -3.71%
2000 2.64% -2.27%
1999 1.66% -0.47%
1998 0.14% -2.67%
1997 0.04% -1.7%
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $41B, equivalent to 1.77% of GDP. This compares to Guyana's deficit of $1.46B, or 5.37% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Guyana ran a deficit in 29 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 0.78% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.64% of GDP for Guyana.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Guyana
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Guyana
2025 2.07% 3.3%
2024 2.38% 2.9%
2023 3.88% 2.8%
2022 6.8% 6.9%
2021 3.4% 4.5%
2020 0.72% 0.7%
2019 1.95% 2.1%
2018 2.27% 1.3%
2017 1.6% 1.9%
2016 1.43% 0.8%
2015 1.13% -0.9%
2014 1.91% 0.7%
2013 0.94% 1.9%
2012 1.52% 2.4%
2011 2.91% 4.4%
2010 1.78% 4.3%
2009 0.3% 3%
2008 2.37% 8.1%
2007 2.14% 12.2%
2006 2% 6.7%
2005 2.21% 6.9%
2004 1.86% 4.7%
2003 2.76% 6%
2002 2.26% 5.4%
2001 2.53% 2.6%
2000 2.72% 6.1%
1999 1.73% 7.5%
1998 1% 4.6%
1997 1.62% 3.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 4.05% in Guyana. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 3.3% in Guyana.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $17.4M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6.92M
Chemicals & pharma $4.09M
Miscellaneous $3.89M
Metals $1.93M
Raw agricultural goods $1.77M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.17M
Wood & paper products $1.05M
Raw materials & minerals $889K
Animal & marine products $428K
Guyana
Export category Export value
Precious metals & jewellery $203M
Raw materials & minerals $134M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $7.82M
Raw agricultural goods $885K
Machinery & equipment $798K
Animal & marine products $747K
Chemicals & pharma $241K
Weapons & explosives $90K
Textiles & consumer goods $75K
Metals $73K

Balance of trade

Canada Guyana
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
$2.35B
2023
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
42/190
2023
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
+13.9%
2023
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$6B
2023
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$13.2B
2023
Service imports
$169B
2025
$4.95B
2023
Service exports
$172B
2025
$529M
2023
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
109.7%
2005
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
84.6%
2005

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Guyana
Economic freedom 75.6 58.7
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 109/197
Property rights 85.9 46.7
Government integrity 85.5 38.8
Judicial effectiveness 96 48.6
Tax burden 74.7 76.4
Government spending 45.9 85
Fiscal health 79.7 39.9
Business freedom 84.2 70.9
Labor freedom 68.3 76
Monetary freedom 73.8 78.5
Trade freedom 83.2 59.2
Investment freedom 60 55
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Guyana
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Guyana
2026 75.6 58.7
2025 75.5 58.2
2024 72.4 57.3
2023 73.7 56.9
2022 76.6 59.5
2021 77.9 57.4
2020 78.2 56.2
2019 77.7 56.8
2018 77.7 58.7
2017 78.5 58.5
2016 78 55.4
2015 79.1 55.5
2014 80.2 55.7
2013 79.4 53.8
2012 79.9 51.3
2011 80.8 49.4
2010 80.4 48.4
2009 80.5 48.4
2008 80.2 48.8
2007 78 53.7
2006 77.4 56.6
2005 75.8 56.5
2004 75.3 53
2003 74.8 50.3
2002 74.6 54.3
2001 71.2 53.3
2000 70.5 52.4
1999 69.3 53.3
1998 68.5 52.7
1997 67.9 53.2
1996 70.3 50.1
1995 69.4 45.7

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 58.7 for Guyana, ranking 109/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Guyana
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
14.8%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
75.1%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
7.73%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$23.8B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$80,300
2025
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$1.36B
2025
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
136/177
2025
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
$1.14B
2023
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$8.63B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$5.7M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.84%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
35%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
32.3%
2005

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/guyana | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2024–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.