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Economy of Canada vs Suriname compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $4.42B for Suriname, ranking 9/197 and 164/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $3.86B (87.3% of GDP) in Suriname.

Canada vs Suriname GDP by year

Canada
Suriname
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Suriname
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $4,416,775,112
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $3,472,693,412
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $3,791,603,200
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $3,107,923,198
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $2,911,807,496
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $4,016,040,575
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $3,996,198,867
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $3,591,679,431
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $3,317,421,648
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $5,126,237,646
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $5,240,606,061
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $5,145,757,576
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $4,980,000,000
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $4,422,276,622
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $4,368,370,998
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $3,875,409,836
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $3,532,969,035
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $2,936,612,022
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $2,626,380,435
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $1,793,410,397
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $1,484,092,538
2003 $895,540,646,635 $1,274,190,311
2002 $760,649,334,098 $1,093,574,468
2001 $738,981,792,355 $834,279,358
2000 $744,773,415,932 $947,671,970
1999 $678,412,196,271 $886,290,698
1998 $634,000,000,000 $1,110,850,000
1997 $654,986,999,856 $926,422,500
1996 $630,607,994,133 $861,372,806
1995 $605,961,090,061 $691,590,498
1994 $579,944,346,807 $605,492,537
1993 $579,053,561,739 $428,764,706
1992 $594,387,358,319 $404,600,000
1991 $612,527,712,316 $448,100,000
1990 $596,075,591,361 $388,400,000
1989 $567,211,993,243 $542,600,000
1988 $509,380,027,627 $1,161,000,000
1987 $433,134,238,311 $980,000,000
1986 $379,006,836,992 $891,000,000
1985 $366,186,012,450 $873,000,000
1984 $356,718,400,124 $864,000,000
1983 $341,866,277,183 $883,500,000
1982 $314,647,807,409 $915,000,000
1981 $307,246,642,756 $889,000,000
1980 $274,776,566,028 $795,000,000
1979 $243,891,124,296 $782,500,000
1978 $219,369,542,386 $735,500,000
1977 $212,325,176,305 $641,500,000
1976 $207,271,612,576 $505,500,000
1975 $174,419,757,177 $465,500,000
1974 $160,949,188,139 $409,850,000
1973 $131,764,343,566 $339,450,000
1972 $113,463,848,874 $311,950,000
1971 $99,606,454,744 $301,000,000
1970 $88,192,257,632 $274,900,000
1969 $79,405,011,125 $259,650,000
1968 $72,048,833,006 $241,350,000
1967 $65,856,924,424 $220,700,000
1966 $61,252,415,405 $190,350,000
1965 $54,649,410,479 $154,150,000
1964 $49,503,663,836 $134,400,000
1963 $45,140,337,827 $125,950,000
1962 $42,336,211,556 $116,150,000
1961 $41,038,192,838 $107,700,000
1960 $40,563,768,947 $99,650,000

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Suriname by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Suriname
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Suriname
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $6,962 $21,801
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $5,522 $21,110
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $6,084 $20,079
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $5,030 $18,458
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $4,755 $16,947
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $6,630 $19,772
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $6,666 $17,855
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $6,050 $17,568
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $5,644 $14,475
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $8,814 $16,544
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $9,108 $16,598
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $9,043 $16,173
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $8,851 $15,185
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $7,950 $13,926
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $7,944 $13,039
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $7,130 $12,393
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $6,576 $12,097
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $5,530 $11,530
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $5,003 $10,803
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $3,453 $10,014
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $2,888 $9,389
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $2,516 $8,552
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $2,202 $8,046
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $1,715 $7,865
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $1,988 $7,535
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $1,898 $7,367
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $2,429 $7,521
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $2,068 $7,422
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $1,963 $7,048
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $1,610 $7,000
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,434 $6,973
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,022 $6,650
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $969 $6,992
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $1,080 $6,852
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $942 $6,493
1989 $20,795 - $1,329 -
1988 $19,013 - $2,886 -
1987 $16,378 - $2,469 -
1986 $14,521 - $2,271 -
1985 $14,170 - $2,256 -
1984 $13,930 - $2,261 -
1983 $13,477 - $2,333 -
1982 $12,527 - $2,430 -
1981 $12,379 - $2,368 -
1980 $11,208 - $2,118 -
1979 $10,078 - $2,072 -
1978 $9,154 - $1,928 -
1977 $8,949 - $1,666 -
1976 $8,839 - $1,302 -
1975 $7,537 - $1,190 -
1974 $7,057 - $1,041 -
1973 $5,858 - $858 -
1972 $5,107 - $785 -
1971 $4,535 - $768 -
1970 $4,136 - $724 -
1969 $3,776 - $708 -
1968 $3,473 - $681 -
1967 $3,226 - $644 -
1966 $3,055 - $575 -
1965 $2,777 - $482 -
1964 $2,562 - $435 -
1963 $2,380 - $424 -
1962 $2,274 - $409 -
1961 $2,246 - $395 -
1960 $2,265 - $378 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $6,962 in Suriname, ranking 102/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Suriname ranks 89th at $21,801.

Economic indicators

Canada Suriname
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$4.42B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
164/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
1.72%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$6,962
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
102/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$21,801
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
89/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$3.86B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
87.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$6,077
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
74/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$3,263
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
30.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.2%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
29.2%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
16.2%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
10%
2013
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
7.92%
2016
Population
42181965
646767

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Suriname
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Suriname
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 29.2% 87.3%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 29% 98.2%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 29.5% 116.9%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 32% 115.8%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 30.2% 146.4%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 40.5% 84%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 29.5% 68.6%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 28.7% 73%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 27.9% 75.4%
2015 40% 92% 29.9% 41.2%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 25.2% 25.2%
2013 40% 87.6% 26.2% 27.9%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 25.1% 20.1%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 21% 18.7%
2010 43.1% 84% 21% 17.3%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 24% 14.6%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 20.5% 14.8%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 22.6% 16.4%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 22.2% 22.5%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 22.2% 27.1%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 20.8% 29.4%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 19.2% 31.5%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 22.2% 37.4%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 21.8% 37.2%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 24.4% 48.4%
1999 41.8% 89% 19.6% 32.3%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 30.3% 21.6%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 21.1% 16.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 21.4% 11.8%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 20.2% 16.3%
1994 49% 97.5% 19.8% 30.5%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 21.2% 51.1%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 24.4% 64.4%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 26.6% 75.7%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 22.7% 72.9%
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Suriname spent $1.29B, or 29.2% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 87.3% in Suriname, ranking 15/185 and 37/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Suriname
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Suriname
2024 -2.01% -2.42%
2023 0.07% -1.68%
2022 0.56% -2.69%
2021 -3.06% -5.66%
2020 -10.9% -12%
2019 -0.02% -20.2%
2018 0.36% -8.56%
2017 -0.11% -8.62%
2016 -0.45% -10.2%
2015 -0.06% -8.29%
2014 0.17% -2.65%
2013 -1.49% -2.64%
2012 -2.52% -0.38%
2011 -3.31% 2.32%
2010 -4.74% -0.15%
2009 -3.88% 2.03%
2008 0.18% 2.39%
2007 1.82% 5.01%
2006 1.83% 0.59%
2005 1.55% -3.39%
2004 0.77% -1.2%
2003 -0.13% -0.11%
2002 -0.23% -3.3%
2001 0.53% 3.49%
2000 2.64% -7.76%
1999 1.66% -4.92%
1998 0.14% -6.39%
1997 0.04% -0.32%
1996 -3.05% 3.42%
1995 -5.49% 1.17%
1994 -6.94% -1.89%
1993 -8.93% -4.68%
1992 -9.2% -6.45%
1991 -8.36% -9.8%
1990 -5.91% -3.04%
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Suriname's deficit of $107M, or 2.42% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Suriname ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.4% of GDP for Suriname.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Suriname
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Suriname
2024 2.38% 16.2%
2023 3.88% 51.6%
2022 6.8% 52.4%
2021 3.4% 59.1%
2020 0.72% 34.9%
2019 1.95% -
2018 2.27% -
2017 1.6% 22%
2016 1.43% 55.4%
2015 1.13% 6.89%
2014 1.91% 3.38%
2013 0.94% 1.92%
2012 1.52% 5.01%
2011 2.91% 17.7%
2010 1.78% 6.94%
2009 0.3% -0.13%
2008 2.37% 14.7%
2007 2.14% 6.43%
2006 2% 11.3%
2005 2.21% 9.9%
2004 1.86% 9.99%
2003 2.76% 23%
2002 2.26% 15.5%
2001 2.53% 38.6%
2000 2.72% 59.4%
1999 1.73% 98.8%
1998 1% 19%
1997 1.62% 7.15%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 24.9% in Suriname. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 16.2% in Suriname.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $14M
Animal & marine products $2.35M
Chemicals & pharma $1.49M
Wood & paper products $1.08M
Textiles & consumer goods $958K
Raw agricultural goods $782K
Metals $781K
Raw materials & minerals $544K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $468K
Miscellaneous $9K
Suriname
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $2.04M
Raw materials & minerals $252K
Wood & paper products $63K
Miscellaneous $51K
Raw agricultural goods $34K
Chemicals & pharma $26K
Textiles & consumer goods $12K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $6K
Animal & marine products $3K
Metals $2K

Balance of trade

Canada Suriname
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
$9.31M
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
76/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
+0.21%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$1.65B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$2.58B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$921M
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$211M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
38.4%
2010
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
52.5%
2010

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Suriname
Economic freedom 75.6 53
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 143/197
Property rights 85.9 40.5
Government integrity 85.5 41
Judicial effectiveness 96 46.5
Tax burden 74.7 69.1
Government spending 45.9 74.3
Fiscal health 79.7 76.6
Business freedom 84.2 56.9
Labor freedom 68.3 69
Monetary freedom 73.8 56.4
Trade freedom 83.2 65.2
Investment freedom 60 20
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Suriname
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Suriname
2026 75.6 53
2025 75.5 50.9
2024 72.4 46.7
2023 73.7 46.1
2022 76.6 48.1
2021 77.9 46.4
2020 78.2 49.5
2019 77.7 48.1
2018 77.7 48.1
2017 78.5 48
2016 78 53.8
2015 79.1 54.2
2014 80.2 54.2
2013 79.4 52
2012 79.9 52.6
2011 80.8 53.1
2010 80.4 52.5
2009 80.5 54.1
2008 80.2 54.3
2007 78 54.8
2006 77.4 55.1
2005 75.8 51.9
2004 75.3 47.9
2003 74.8 46.9
2002 74.6 48
2001 71.2 44.3
2000 70.5 45.8
1999 69.3 40.1
1998 68.5 39.9
1997 67.9 35.9
1996 70.3 36.7
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/suriname | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 53 for Suriname, ranking 143/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Suriname
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
50.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
35.1%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
6.77%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$3.61B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$20,000
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$1.63B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
132/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
$26.5M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
-$37.6M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$11.1M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
20.5%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
70%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
36.2%
2010

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  8. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  9. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.