Skip to content

Economy of Canada vs Oman compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $107B for Oman, ranking 9/197 and 70/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $38B (35.5% of GDP) in Oman.

Canada vs Oman GDP by year

Canada
Oman
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Oman
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $107,137,198,769
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $106,174,708,037
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $109,852,795,839
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $87,323,797,139
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $75,909,492,848
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $88,060,858,257
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $91,505,851,756
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $80,856,697,009
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $75,128,738,622
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $78,710,793,238
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $92,699,089,727
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $89,936,020,806
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $87,408,842,653
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $77,497,529,259
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $64,993,498,049
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $55,454,096,229
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $69,804,681,404
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $48,300,390,117
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $42,577,633,290
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $35,506,892,068
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $28,378,933,680
2003 $895,540,646,635 $24,733,680,104
2002 $760,649,334,098 $23,065,539,662
2001 $738,981,792,355 $22,205,721,717
2000 $744,773,415,932 $22,259,557,867
1999 $678,412,196,271 $17,832,769,831
1998 $634,000,000,000 $16,044,213,264
1997 $654,986,999,856 $18,039,791,938
1996 $630,607,994,133 $17,402,080,624
1995 $605,961,090,061 $15,722,236,671
1994 $579,944,346,807 $14,715,214,564
1993 $579,053,561,739 $14,230,429,129
1992 $594,387,358,319 $14,183,615,085
1991 $612,527,712,316 $12,918,335,501
1990 $596,075,591,361 $13,310,273,082
1989 $567,211,993,243 $9,372,171,651
1988 $509,380,027,627 $8,386,215,865
1987 $433,134,238,311 $7,811,183,095
1986 $379,006,836,992 $7,324,167,369
1985 $366,186,012,450 $10,005,645,420
1984 $356,718,400,124 $8,821,443,151
1983 $341,866,277,183 $7,932,541,691
1982 $314,647,807,409 $7,554,719,456
1981 $307,246,642,756 $7,259,120,151
1980 $274,776,566,028 $5,981,760,278
1979 $243,891,124,296 $3,733,352,635
1978 $219,369,542,386 $2,740,301,390
1977 $212,325,176,305 $2,741,169,948
1976 $207,271,612,576 $2,560,220,035
1975 $174,419,757,177 $2,096,699,189
1974 $160,949,188,139 $1,645,917,776
1973 $131,764,343,566 $483,066,991
1972 $113,463,848,874 $366,883,548
1971 $99,606,454,744 $301,010,587
1970 $88,192,257,632 $256,319,795
1969 $79,405,011,125 $239,999,808
1968 $72,048,833,006 $188,879,849
1967 $65,856,924,424 $107,151,832
1966 $61,252,415,405 $67,759,973
1965 $54,649,410,479 $63,279,975
1964 $49,503,663,836 $61,872,526
1963 $45,140,337,827 $59,912,763
1962 $42,336,211,556 $56,273,202
1961 $41,038,192,838 $45,634,487
1960 $40,563,768,947 $44,234,656

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Oman by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Oman
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Oman
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $20,285 $41,740
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $21,028 $41,945
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $23,224 $42,616
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $19,403 $38,719
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $16,785 $35,163
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $19,180 $37,251
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $19,902 $37,780
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $17,820 $33,619
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $17,110 $33,334
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $18,808 $36,058
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $23,161 $44,236
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $23,458 $47,013
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $24,642 $49,989
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $25,188 $52,393
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $23,570 $55,667
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $20,656 $55,127
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $26,577 $52,841
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $18,793 $48,627
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $16,931 $46,091
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $14,435 $43,673
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $11,801 $42,142
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $10,464 $40,935
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $9,869 $41,511
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $9,612 $41,679
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $9,754 $39,443
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $7,915 $36,792
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $7,219 $36,666
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $8,235 $36,809
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $8,068 $34,661
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $7,414 $33,598
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $7,068 $31,925
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $7,039 $30,987
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $7,318 $29,773
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $6,977 $28,109
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $7,546 $26,904
1989 $20,795 - $5,591 -
1988 $19,013 - $5,279 -
1987 $16,378 - $5,204 -
1986 $14,521 - $5,182 -
1985 $14,170 - $7,549 -
1984 $13,930 - $7,070 -
1983 $13,477 - $6,714 -
1982 $12,527 - $6,759 -
1981 $12,379 - $6,866 -
1980 $11,208 - $5,974 -
1979 $10,078 - $3,934 -
1978 $9,154 - $3,044 -
1977 $8,949 - $3,205 -
1976 $8,839 - $3,143 -
1975 $7,537 - $2,692 -
1974 $7,057 - $2,203 -
1973 $5,858 - $670 -
1972 $5,107 - $524 -
1971 $4,535 - $442 -
1970 $4,136 - $387 -
1969 $3,776 - $372 -
1968 $3,473 - $300 -
1967 $3,226 - $174.7 -
1966 $3,055 - $113.2 -
1965 $2,777 - $108.1 -
1964 $2,562 - $108.1 -
1963 $2,380 - $106.8 -
1962 $2,274 - $102.3 -
1961 $2,246 - $84.5 -
1960 $2,265 - $83.4 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $20,285 in Oman, ranking 57/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Oman ranks 55th at $41,740.

Economic indicators

Canada Oman
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$107B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
70/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
1.63%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$20,285
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
57/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$41,740
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
55/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$38B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
35.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$7,204
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
67/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$20,894
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$22.3B
2022
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
2
2025
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
28.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
0.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
4.5%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
3.3%
2024
Population
42181965
5761708

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Oman
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Oman
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 28.7% 35.5%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 27.5% 37.5%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 30.9% 41.7%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 36.5% 61.9%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 44.5% 67.9%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 38.8% 52.5%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 38.3% 44.7%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 39.4% 40.1%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 44.6% 29.3%
2015 40% 92% 44.5% 13.9%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 41.4% 4.04%
2013 40% 87.6% 39.3% 4.66%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 38.6% 4.59%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 34.5% 4.44%
2010 43.1% 84% 30.6% 5.46%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 33.4% 5.8%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 25.6% 3.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 30.7% 4.44%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 30.1% 7.56%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 30.6% 8.39%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 34.1% 14.5%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 34% 13%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 34.1% 15.9%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 33.3% 22.5%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 31.2% 21.7%
1999 41.8% 89% 34.2% 28.9%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 36.1% 30.9%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 32.1% 20.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 33.5% 21.2%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 38.2% 21.9%
1994 49% 97.5% 39.7% 23.6%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 40.1% 22.2%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 40.1% 23.1%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 37.4% 22.6%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 36.5% 17.8%
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Oman spent $30.7B, or 28.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 35.5% in Oman, ranking 15/185 and 145/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Oman
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Oman
2024 -2.01% 3.31%
2023 0.07% 6.87%
2022 0.56% 10.5%
2021 -3.06% -3.17%
2020 -10.9% -15.7%
2019 -0.02% -4.83%
2018 0.36% -6.72%
2017 -0.11% -10.5%
2016 -0.45% -19.6%
2015 -0.06% -13.5%
2014 0.17% -1.58%
2013 -1.49% 2.78%
2012 -2.52% 4.07%
2011 -3.31% 8.24%
2010 -4.74% 4.95%
2009 -3.88% -0.27%
2008 0.18% 14.7%
2007 1.82% 10.5%
2006 1.83% 12.2%
2005 1.55% 11.2%
2004 0.77% 5.43%
2003 -0.13% 5.92%
2002 -0.23% 5.31%
2001 0.53% 7.55%
2000 2.64% 12.2%
1999 1.66% 0.3%
1998 0.14% -4.37%
1997 0.04% 4.77%
1996 -3.05% 2.22%
1995 -5.49% -3.9%
1994 -6.94% -7.47%
1993 -8.93% -6.84%
1992 -9.2% -4.85%
1991 -8.36% 0.12%
1990 -5.91% 4.78%
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Oman's surplus of $3.54B, or 3.31% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while Oman ran a deficit in 14 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.96% of GDP, compared to surplus of 0.99% of GDP for Oman.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Oman
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Oman
2024 2.38% 0.6%
2023 3.88% 1%
2022 6.8% 2.5%
2021 3.4% 1.7%
2020 0.72% -0.4%
2019 1.95% 0.5%
2018 2.27% 0.7%
2017 1.6% 1.5%
2016 1.43% 0.9%
2015 1.13% 0.1%
2014 1.91% 1.2%
2013 0.94% 1.3%
2012 1.52% 2.9%
2011 2.91% 4.1%
2010 1.78% 3.3%
2009 0.3% 3.5%
2008 2.37% 12.6%
2007 2.14% 5.9%
2006 2% 3.2%
2005 2.21% 1.9%
2004 1.86% 0.8%
2003 2.76% 0.2%
2002 2.26% -0.3%
2001 2.53% -0.8%
2000 2.72% -1.2%
1999 1.73% 0.5%
1998 1% 0.4%
1997 1.62% -0.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 1.72% in Oman. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 0.6% in Oman.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $46.9M
Raw agricultural goods $24.1M
Chemicals & pharma $10.6M
Raw materials & minerals $5.37M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.9M
Metals $1.41M
Miscellaneous $1.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $813K
IT & IP services $800K
Animal & marine products $494K
Oman
Export category Export value
Metals $42.3M
Chemicals & pharma $20.8M
Raw materials & minerals $9.6M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $2.45M
Machinery & equipment $1.24M
Textiles & consumer goods $872K
Animal & marine products $345K
Precious metals & jewellery $231K
Miscellaneous $100K
Raw agricultural goods $34K

Balance of trade

Canada Oman
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
$3.07B
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
39/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
+2.86%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$39.5B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$65.2B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$12.8B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$5.64B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
48.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
66.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Oman
Economic freedom 75.6 68.5
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 45/197
Property rights 85.9 71.8
Government integrity 85.5 49.4
Judicial effectiveness 96 28
Tax burden 74.7 97.6
Government spending 45.9 74.7
Fiscal health 79.7 97.5
Business freedom 84.2 67.8
Labor freedom 68.3 47.7
Monetary freedom 73.8 79.2
Trade freedom 83.2 78.4
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Oman
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Oman
2026 75.6 68.5
2025 75.5 65.4
2024 72.4 62.9
2023 73.7 58.5
2022 76.6 56.6
2021 77.9 64.6
2020 78.2 63.6
2019 77.7 61
2018 77.7 61
2017 78.5 62.1
2016 78 67.1
2015 79.1 66.7
2014 80.2 67.4
2013 79.4 68.1
2012 79.9 67.9
2011 80.8 69.8
2010 80.4 67.7
2009 80.5 67
2008 80.2 67.3
2007 78 65.8
2006 77.4 63.7
2005 75.8 66.5
2004 75.3 66.9
2003 74.8 64.6
2002 74.6 64
2001 71.2 67.7
2000 70.5 64.1
1999 69.3 64.9
1998 68.5 64.9
1997 67.9 64.5
1996 70.3 65.4
1995 69.4 70.2

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 68.5 for Oman, ranking 45/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Oman
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
46%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
54.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
2.6%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$103B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$39,340
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$18.3B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
64/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$12.6B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$12.5B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$143M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
24.8%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/oman | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.