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Economy of Canada vs Sierra Leone compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Canada has a GDP of $2.32T compared to $7.46B for Sierra Leone, ranking 10/197 and 160/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.63T in government debt (113.5% of GDP), compared to $3.38B (45.2% of GDP) in Sierra Leone.

Canada vs Sierra Leone GDP by year

Canada
Sierra Leone
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Sierra Leone
2025 $2,319,899,772,426 $7,464,157,904
2024 $2,270,076,189,683 $6,971,127,234
2023 $2,196,593,836,347 $6,415,852,766
2022 $2,200,562,785,046 $7,121,125,277
2021 $2,022,377,950,897 $7,166,931,483
2020 $1,655,686,966,882 $6,688,307,706
2019 $1,743,728,952,157 $6,523,577,590
2018 $1,725,330,736,238 $6,390,514,689
2017 $1,649,269,496,515 $5,749,846,528
2016 $1,527,996,250,641 $6,084,297,211
2015 $1,556,510,380,200 $6,788,352,975
2014 $1,805,751,688,809 $7,686,138,791
2013 $1,846,583,831,414 $7,502,762,863
2012 $1,828,359,477,072 $6,141,666,509
2011 $1,793,335,727,901 $4,861,632,885
2010 $1,617,349,192,091 $4,262,805,967
2009 $1,374,627,766,600 $3,953,403,098
2008 $1,552,993,439,550 $4,157,895,298
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $3,632,957,611
2006 $1,319,291,255,289 $3,263,697,467
2005 $1,173,118,501,403 $2,545,275,313
2004 $1,026,691,006,918 $2,237,350,687
2003 $895,542,074,085 $2,142,618,046
2002 $760,650,608,552 $1,933,863,911
2001 $738,981,792,355 $1,681,473,894
2000 $744,773,415,932 $635,866,404
1999 $678,414,215,521 $669,386,624
1998 $633,999,325,918 $672,368,187
1997 $654,987,722,086 $850,232,760
1996 $630,607,994,133 $941,709,423
1995 $605,961,090,061 $870,740,292
1994 $579,944,346,807 $911,853,802
1993 $579,053,561,739 $768,867,883
1992 $594,387,358,319 $679,940,814
1991 $612,527,712,316 $779,981,987
1990 $596,075,591,361 $649,644,098
1989 $567,211,993,243 $932,974,420
1988 $509,380,027,627 $1,055,083,933
1987 $433,134,238,311 $660,106,336
1986 $379,006,836,992 $490,181,457
1985 $366,186,012,450 $856,890,459
1984 $356,718,400,124 $1,087,471,862
1983 $341,866,277,183 $995,104,305
1982 $314,647,807,409 $1,295,361,886
1981 $307,246,642,756 $1,114,830,472
1980 $274,776,566,028 $1,100,685,845
1979 $243,891,124,296 $1,109,374,911
1978 $219,369,542,386 $960,728,339
1977 $212,325,176,305 $691,777,584
1976 $207,271,612,576 $594,895,942
1975 $174,419,757,177 $679,336,344
1974 $160,949,188,139 $648,590,643
1973 $131,764,343,566 $575,230,724
1972 $113,463,848,874 $465,381,340
1971 $99,606,454,744 $419,549,305
1970 $88,192,257,632 $434,410,974
1969 $79,405,011,125 $408,690,163
1968 $72,048,833,006 $329,859,732
1967 $65,856,924,424 $348,795,303
1966 $61,252,415,405 $375,479,850
1965 $54,649,410,479 $359,379,856
1964 $49,503,663,836 $371,847,461
1963 $45,140,337,827 $348,547,279
1962 $42,336,211,556 $342,721,416
1961 $41,038,192,838 $327,834,191
1960 $40,563,768,947 $322,009,962

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Sierra Leone by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sierra Leone
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Sierra Leone
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $55,698 - $846 -
2024 $55,016 $64,610 $807 $3,522
2023 $54,848 $64,219 $758 $3,368
2022 $56,497 $63,944 $860 $3,144
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $885 $2,849
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $845 $2,719
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $844 $2,704
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $846 $2,640
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $779 $2,501
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $844 $2,635
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $965 $2,560
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,118 $2,762
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,117 $2,701
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $938 $2,317
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $761 $2,043
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $685 $1,900
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $653 $1,814
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $705 $1,824
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $632 $1,770
2006 $40,505 $38,123 $580 $1,698
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $463 $1,615
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $418 $1,541
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $414 $1,458
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $389 $1,360
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $358 $1,121
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $143.7 $1,242
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $155 $1,167
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $156.5 $1,180
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $199.9 $1,157
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $224.3 $1,225
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $208.4 $1,187
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $218.5 $1,266
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $185 $1,269
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $163.2 $1,220
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $183.7 $1,445
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $154.8 $1,382
1989 $20,795 - $231.3 -
1988 $19,013 - $268.2 -
1987 $16,378 - $172.4 -
1986 $14,521 - $131.5 -
1985 $14,170 - $235.5 -
1984 $13,930 - $306 -
1983 $13,477 - $285.8 -
1982 $12,527 - $380 -
1981 $12,379 - $334 -
1980 $11,208 - $336 -
1979 $10,078 - $346 -
1978 $9,154 - $305 -
1977 $8,949 - $224.2 -
1976 $8,839 - $196.4 -
1975 $7,537 - $228.4 -
1974 $7,057 - $222.1 -
1973 $5,858 - $200.6 -
1972 $5,107 - $165.4 -
1971 $4,535 - $151.8 -
1970 $4,136 - $160.2 -
1969 $3,776 - $153.6 -
1968 $3,473 - $126.3 -
1967 $3,226 - $136.1 -
1966 $3,055 - $149.3 -
1965 $2,777 - $145.6 -
1964 $2,562 - $153.4 -
1963 $2,380 - $146.3 -
1962 $2,274 - $146.3 -
1961 $2,246 - $142.3 -
1960 $2,265 - $142 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $55,698, ranking 23/197, compared to $846 in Sierra Leone, ranking 186/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Sierra Leone ranks 171st at $3,522.

Economic indicators

Canada Sierra Leone
Gross domestic product
$2.32T
2025
$7.46B
2025
GDP rank
10/197
2025
160/197
2025
GDP growth
1.74%
2024-2025
4.61%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$55,698
2025
$846
2025
GDP per capita rank
23/197
2025
186/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$3,522
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
171/197
2024
Government debt
$2.63T
2025
$3.38B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
113.5%
2025
45.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$63,220
2025
$383
2025
Government debt per person rank
5/185
2025
173/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$36,531
2026
$1,418
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.62T
2025
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
82
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.6%
2022
29.4%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2022
3.4%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44%
2025
16.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.07%
2024-2025
7.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
16.8%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.82%
2025
1.65%
2018
Population
42199836
9090531

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Sierra Leone
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Sierra Leone
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 44% 113.5% 16.5% 45.2%
2024 44.3% 110% 17.6% 46.7%
2023 41.8% 105.1% 15.4% 49.4%
2022 40.4% 103.5% 16.7% 54%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 16.8% 47.1%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 15.6% 46.4%
2019 40.6% 90.1% 13.3% 45.3%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 13.7% 44.2%
2017 40.5% 91% 15% 44.2%
2016 40.8% 92.5% 14.9% 38.9%
2015 40% 92.3% 13.1% 28.4%
2014 38.4% 85.8% 13.5% 26.8%
2013 40% 87.7% 11.4% 22.3%
2012 40.9% 87% 13.5% 24.1%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 13.2% 25.8%
2010 43.1% 84% 12.5% 28.9%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 11.3% 31.1%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 10.3% 46.1%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 8.1% 26.4%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 9.97% 61.9%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 10.9% 78.9%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 11.1% 93.2%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 11.7% 99.8%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 12.6% 99.8%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 12% 113.5%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 10.3% -
1999 41.8% 89% - -
1998 43.4% 93.3% - -
1997 43.5% 95.3% - -
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government spending was $1.02T, accounting for 44% of its GDP, while Sierra Leone spent $1.23B, or 16.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 113.5% in Canada and 45.2% in Sierra Leone, ranking 14/185 and 115/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Sierra Leone
2025 -1.77% -4.2%
2024 -2.12% -5.16%
2023 -0.16% -4.99%
2022 0.62% -5.93%
2021 -3.06% -4.35%
2020 -10.9% -3.5%
2019 -0.02% -1.95%
2018 0.36% -3.57%
2017 -0.11% -5.61%
2016 -0.45% -5.41%
2015 -0.06% -2.86%
2014 0.17% -2.77%
2013 -1.49% -1.74%
2012 -2.52% -3.41%
2011 -3.31% -2.78%
2010 -4.74% -3.09%
2009 -3.88% -1.51%
2008 0.18% -2.22%
2007 1.82% 12.6%
2006 1.83% -0.93%
2005 1.55% -1.17%
2004 0.77% -1.46%
2003 -0.13% -2.78%
2002 -0.23% -3.03%
2001 0.53% -3.22%
2000 2.64% -1.94%
1999 1.66% -
1998 0.14% -
1997 0.04% -
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $41B, equivalent to 1.77% of GDP. This compares to Sierra Leone's deficit of $313M, or 4.2% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 16 of those years, while Sierra Leone ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 0.94% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.58% of GDP for Sierra Leone.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Sierra Leone
2025 2.07% 7.6%
2024 2.38% 28.4%
2023 3.88% 47.7%
2022 6.8% 27.2%
2021 3.4% 11.9%
2020 0.72% 13.4%
2019 1.95% 14.8%
2018 2.27% 16%
2017 1.6% 18.2%
2016 1.43% 10.9%
2015 1.13% 6.7%
2014 1.91% 4.6%
2013 0.94% 5.5%
2012 1.52% 6.6%
2011 2.91% 6.8%
2010 1.78% 7.2%
2009 0.3% 7.5%
2008 2.37% 8.2%
2007 2.14% 17%
2006 2% 10.5%
2005 2.21% 13.7%
2004 1.86% 12.9%
2003 2.76% 4%
2002 2.26% 0.1%
2001 2.53% 2.6%
2000 2.72% -0.9%
1999 1.73% 34.1%
1998 1% 36%
1997 1.62% 14.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.14%, compared with 13.6% in Sierra Leone. In 2025, inflation was 2.07% in Canada and 7.6% in Sierra Leone.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $6.07M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $4.21M
Textiles & consumer goods $1.75M
Raw materials & minerals $785K
Miscellaneous $751K
Animal & marine products $292K
Raw agricultural goods $265K
Chemicals & pharma $64K
Metals $57K
Precious metals & jewellery $27K
Sierra Leone
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $33K
Textiles & consumer goods $28K
Raw agricultural goods $25K
Machinery & equipment $6K

Balance of trade

Canada Sierra Leone
Current account balance
-$22B
2025
-$984M
2024
Current account balance ranking
184/190
2025
115/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.95%
2025
-14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$577B
2025
$2.4B
2024
Goods exports
$555B
2025
$1.55B
2024
Service imports
$169B
2025
$514M
2024
Service exports
$172B
2025
$49.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.2%
2025
28.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.3%
2025
20.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Sierra Leone
Economic freedom 75.6 49.6
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 165/197
Property rights 85.9 32.9
Government integrity 85.5 35.8
Judicial effectiveness 96 42
Tax burden 74.7 88.2
Government spending 45.9 92.4
Fiscal health 79.7 54.1
Business freedom 84.2 44.8
Labor freedom 68.3 38.2
Monetary freedom 73.8 53.6
Trade freedom 83.2 63.6
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Sierra Leone
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Sierra Leone
2026 75.6 49.6
2025 75.5 48
2024 72.4 44.6
2023 73.7 50.2
2022 76.6 52
2021 77.9 51.7
2020 78.2 48
2019 77.7 47.5
2018 77.7 51.8
2017 78.5 52.6
2016 78 52.3
2015 79.1 51.7
2014 80.2 50.5
2013 79.4 48.3
2012 79.9 49.1
2011 80.8 49.6
2010 80.4 47.9
2009 80.5 47.8
2008 80.2 48.3
2007 78 47
2006 77.4 45.2
2005 75.8 44.8
2004 75.3 43.6
2003 74.8 42.2
2002 74.6 -
2001 71.2 -
2000 70.5 44.2
1999 69.3 47.2
1998 68.5 47.7
1997 67.9 45
1996 70.3 52.3
1995 69.4 49.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 49.6 for Sierra Leone, ranking 165/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Sierra Leone
Services, % of GDP
64.1%
2022
41.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
27.4%
2022
25.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.93%
2022
29.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$2.35T
2025
$7.34B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$66,820
2025
$3,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$126B
2025
$433M
2024
Total reserves ranking
26/177
2025
161/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$11.9B
2025
-$122M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$122M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
56.8%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/sierra-leone | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-07-08)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.