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Economy of Canada vs Seychelles compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $2.17B for the Seychelles, ranking 9/197 and 178/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $1.25B (57.6% of GDP) in the Seychelles.

Canada vs Seychelles GDP by year

Canada
Seychelles
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Seychelles
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $2,167,239,562
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $2,187,379,755
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $2,018,346,589
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $1,487,173,795
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $1,382,551,752
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $1,868,690,097
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $1,784,313,927
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $1,675,370,641
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $1,568,513,348
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $1,432,403,352
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $1,387,577,870
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $1,333,160,407
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $1,089,407,839
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $1,058,918,707
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $981,616,542
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $850,901,620
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $979,597,394
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $1,077,308,814
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $1,081,441,283
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $977,899,382
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $893,012,218
2003 $895,540,646,635 $750,847,230
2002 $760,649,334,098 $742,134,838
2001 $738,981,792,355 $662,064,156
2000 $744,773,415,932 $654,212,394
1999 $678,412,196,271 $662,838,615
1998 $634,000,000,000 $647,287,376
1997 $654,986,999,856 $598,966,982
1996 $630,607,994,133 $535,250,347
1995 $605,961,090,061 $540,733,048
1994 $579,944,346,807 $517,570,058
1993 $579,053,561,739 $504,230,621
1992 $594,387,358,319 $461,409,399
1991 $612,527,712,316 $398,307,170
1990 $596,075,591,361 $392,163,561
1989 $567,211,993,243 $324,333,367
1988 $509,380,027,627 $301,985,618
1987 $433,134,238,311 $265,212,957
1986 $379,006,836,992 $221,147,061
1985 $366,186,012,450 $179,691,483
1984 $356,718,400,124 $160,992,921
1983 $341,866,277,183 $156,098,237
1982 $314,647,807,409 $157,211,790
1981 $307,246,642,756 $163,750,728
1980 $274,776,566,028 $156,783,830
1979 $243,891,124,296 $127,261,099
1978 $219,369,542,386 $85,552,366
1977 $212,325,176,305 $64,526,401
1976 $207,271,612,576 $49,278,982
1975 $174,419,757,177 $47,803,146
1974 $160,949,188,139 $43,134,496
1973 $131,764,343,566 $36,896,280
1972 $113,463,848,874 $30,645,123
1971 $99,606,454,744 $21,965,951
1970 $88,192,257,632 $18,432,032
1969 $79,405,011,125 $16,452,028
1968 $72,048,833,006 $16,074,028
1967 $65,856,924,424 $16,632,032
1966 $61,252,415,405 $16,443,034
1965 $54,649,410,479 $15,603,032
1964 $49,503,663,836 $15,393,032
1963 $45,140,337,827 $13,923,029
1962 $42,336,211,556 $12,642,026
1961 $41,038,192,838 $11,592,024
1960 $40,563,768,947 $12,012,025

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Seychelles by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Seychelles
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Seychelles
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $17,859 $33,239
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $18,263 $31,781
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $16,837 $29,973
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $14,983 $29,980
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $14,041 $31,056
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $19,142 $34,219
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $18,440 $32,091
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $17,480 $30,675
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $16,567 $28,811
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $15,333 $25,435
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $15,188 $24,985
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $14,821 $22,487
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $12,337 $22,264
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $12,110 $21,781
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $10,935 $18,982
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $9,747 $18,453
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $11,265 $18,881
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $12,669 $19,473
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $12,783 $17,503
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $11,802 $15,846
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $10,828 $14,160
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $9,070 $14,142
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $8,864 $14,570
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $8,153 $14,615
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $8,064 $14,638
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $8,243 $13,853
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $8,210 $13,675
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $7,747 $13,458
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $7,004 $11,931
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $7,181 $10,809
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $6,975 $10,692
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $6,979 $11,020
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $6,520 $10,243
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $5,655 $9,387
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $5,642 $8,955
1989 $20,795 - $4,689 -
1988 $19,013 - $4,392 -
1987 $16,378 - $3,872 -
1986 $14,521 - $3,368 -
1985 $14,170 - $2,754 -
1984 $13,930 - $2,488 -
1983 $13,477 - $2,426 -
1982 $12,527 - $2,441 -
1981 $12,379 - $2,557 -
1980 $11,208 - $2,478 -
1979 $10,078 - $2,030 -
1978 $9,154 - $1,377 -
1977 $8,949 - $1,044 -
1976 $8,839 - $814 -
1975 $7,537 - $806 -
1974 $7,057 - $745 -
1973 $5,858 - $649 -
1972 $5,107 - $547 -
1971 $4,535 - $402 -
1970 $4,136 - $344 -
1969 $3,776 - $314 -
1968 $3,473 - $314 -
1967 $3,226 - $333 -
1966 $3,055 - $338 -
1965 $2,777 - $328 -
1964 $2,562 - $332 -
1963 $2,380 - $308 -
1962 $2,274 - $287 -
1961 $2,246 - $270.3 -
1960 $2,265 - $288.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $17,859 in the Seychelles, ranking 63/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while the Seychelles ranks 67th at $33,239.

Economic indicators

Canada Seychelles
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$2.17B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
178/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
3.47%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$17,859
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
63/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$33,239
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
67/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$1.25B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
57.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$10,288
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
57/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$10,944
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
$811M
2024
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
23.9%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
2.6%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
33.8%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
0.31%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
1.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
2.59%
2024
Population
42181965
126311

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Seychelles
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Seychelles
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 33.8% 57.6%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 32.9% 55.3%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 31.3% 60%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 38.8% 71%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 46.7% 77.4%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 31.7% 48.9%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 33% 51.3%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 34.3% 56.7%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 34.5% 62.8%
2015 40% 92% 31.5% 64.7%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 33.4% 70.4%
2013 40% 87.6% 37.8% 68.2%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 38.6% 80.1%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 36.4% 82.5%
2010 43.1% 84% 34.6% 82.2%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 32.1% 106.1%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 27% 192.1%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 41.9% 144%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 43.6% 135.1%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 39% 144.1%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 39.9% 163.2%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 44.6% 177%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 56.3% 195.9%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 46.8% 199.8%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 55.4% 177.8%
1999 41.8% 89% 56.1% 159.8%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 60.7% 161.2%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 54.7% 143%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 59.1% 146.7%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 53.1% 133.5%
1994 49% 97.5% 63.6% 123.5%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 60.4% 82.2%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 50.7% 79.9%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 52.1% 89.2%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 46.1% 80.4%
1989 45.8% 72.2% 51.7% 39.9%
1988 45.4% 71.1% 46.7% 41.3%
1987 46.1% 71.4% 49.7% 37%
1986 47.6% 71% 58% 31.5%
1985 48.3% 66.9% 53% 26.5%
1984 47.5% 61.7% 50.5% 15.3%
1983 47.9% 58.4% 47.9% 12.4%
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while the Seychelles spent $732M, or 33.8% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 57.6% in the Seychelles, ranking 15/185 and 85/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Seychelles
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Seychelles
2024 -2.01% -0.69%
2023 0.07% -1.14%
2022 0.56% -0.76%
2021 -3.06% -5.76%
2020 -10.9% -15.7%
2019 -0.02% 0.42%
2018 0.36% -0.8%
2017 -0.11% -1.67%
2016 -0.45% 0.02%
2015 -0.06% 1.39%
2014 0.17% 2.87%
2013 -1.49% 0.33%
2012 -2.52% 2.93%
2011 -3.31% 3.36%
2010 -4.74% 0.52%
2009 -3.88% 4.84%
2008 0.18% 7.88%
2007 1.82% -9.93%
2006 1.83% -2.54%
2005 1.55% 0.42%
2004 0.77% 0.44%
2003 -0.13% 3.4%
2002 -0.23% -16.3%
2001 0.53% -8.93%
2000 2.64% -14.7%
1999 1.66% -10.3%
1998 0.14% -16.7%
1997 0.04% -5.91%
1996 -3.05% -9.69%
1995 -5.49% -2.58%
1994 -6.94% -6.95%
1993 -8.93% -3.62%
1992 -9.2% 6.44%
1991 -8.36% 3.15%
1990 -5.91% 11.9%
1989 -4.6% 8.26%
1988 -4.33% 11.8%
1987 -5.42% 2.77%
1986 -7.14% -10.1%
1985 -8.59% -4.86%
1984 -7.78% -6.09%
1983 -8.17% -3.13%
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to the Seychelles' deficit of $15M, or 0.69% of GDP.

Over the past 42 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 28 of those years, while the Seychelles ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 2.73% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.04% of GDP for the Seychelles.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Seychelles
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Seychelles
2024 2.38% 0.31%
2023 3.88% -1.04%
2022 6.8% 2.63%
2021 3.4% 9.77%
2020 0.72% 1.2%
2019 1.95% 1.81%
2018 2.27% 3.7%
2017 1.6% 2.86%
2016 1.43% -1.02%
2015 1.13% 4.04%
2014 1.91% 1.39%
2013 0.94% 4.34%
2012 1.52% 7.11%
2011 2.91% 2.56%
2010 1.78% -2.4%
2009 0.3% 31.8%
2008 2.37% 37%
2007 2.14% 5.32%
2006 2% -0.35%
2005 2.21% 0.91%
2004 1.86% 3.86%
2003 2.76% 3.3%
2002 2.26% 0.18%
2001 2.53% 5.97%
2000 2.72% 6.27%
1999 1.73% 6.35%
1998 1% 2.58%
1997 1.62% 0.62%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 5.03% in the Seychelles. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 0.31% in the Seychelles.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1.54M
Miscellaneous $819K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $220K
Chemicals & pharma $187K
Metals $52K
Wood & paper products $49K
Textiles & consumer goods $44K
Raw materials & minerals $4K
Seychelles
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $346K
Animal & marine products $28K
Raw agricultural goods $8K
Metals $5K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $5K
Textiles & consumer goods $5K

Balance of trade

Canada Seychelles
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$176M
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
97/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-8.11%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$1.39B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$595M
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$1B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$1.71B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
103.2%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
85.2%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Seychelles
Economic freedom 75.6 66.5
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 60/197
Property rights 85.9 82.6
Government integrity 85.5 71.7
Judicial effectiveness 96 61.7
Tax burden 74.7 77.3
Government spending 45.9 68
Fiscal health 79.7 92.2
Business freedom 84.2 71.3
Labor freedom 68.3 52
Monetary freedom 73.8 79.8
Trade freedom 83.2 81.2
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 30

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Seychelles
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Seychelles
2026 75.6 66.5
2025 75.5 66.4
2024 72.4 60.4
2023 73.7 59.5
2022 76.6 61.1
2021 77.9 66.3
2020 78.2 64.3
2019 77.7 61.4
2018 77.7 61.6
2017 78.5 61.8
2016 78 62.2
2015 79.1 57.5
2014 80.2 56.2
2013 79.4 54.9
2012 79.9 53
2011 80.8 51.2
2010 80.4 47.9
2009 80.5 47.8
2008 80.2 -
2007 78 -
2006 77.4 -
2005 75.8 -
2004 75.3 -
2003 74.8 -
2002 74.6 -
2001 71.2 -
2000 70.5 -
1999 69.3 -
1998 68.5 -
1997 67.9 -
1996 70.3 -
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 66.5 for the Seychelles, ranking 60/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Seychelles
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
65.8%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
12.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
2.45%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$2.12B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$32,180
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$774M
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
145/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$262M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$226M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
-$35.4M
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
25.3%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
17.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/seychelles | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.