Skip to content

Economy of Canada vs Myanmar compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $74.1B for Myanmar, ranking 9/197 and 85/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $44B (59.3% of GDP) in Myanmar.

Canada vs Myanmar GDP by year

Canada
Myanmar
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada Myanmar
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $74,068,349,524
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $66,757,619,000
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $62,253,049,903
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $66,345,291,149
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $79,006,113,670
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $75,065,106,243
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $67,860,515,993
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $66,053,040,475
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $63,298,361,984
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $59,607,290,408
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $65,531,374,210
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $60,269,732,855
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $59,937,796,648
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $59,977,326,086
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $49,540,813,342
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $36,906,181,381
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $31,862,554,102
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $20,182,477,481
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $14,502,553,710
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $11,986,972,419
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $10,567,354,056
2003 $895,540,646,635 $10,467,109,978
2002 $760,649,334,098 $6,777,632,512
2001 $738,981,792,355 $6,477,790,688
2000 $744,773,415,932 $8,905,066,164
1999 $678,412,196,271 $8,486,832,801
1998 $634,000,000,000 $6,459,461,639
1997 $654,986,999,856 $4,722,288,496
1996 $630,607,994,133 $6,123,556,717
1995 $605,961,090,061 $5,289,174,943
1994 $579,944,346,807 $4,432,257,174
1993 $579,053,561,739 $3,163,020,035
1992 $594,387,358,319 $2,411,552,289
1991 $612,527,712,316 $2,069,832,687
1990 $596,075,591,361 $2,115,193,513
1989 $567,211,993,243 $2,013,448,229
1988 $509,380,027,627 $1,541,088,312
1987 $433,134,238,311 $1,562,448,077
1986 $379,006,836,992 $1,582,873,750
1985 $366,186,012,450 $1,478,908,173
1984 $356,718,400,124 $1,304,063,253
1983 $341,866,277,183 $1,381,573,615
1982 $314,647,807,409 $1,481,165,468
1981 $307,246,642,756 $1,111,000,765
1980 $274,776,566,028 $1,038,225,167
1979 $243,891,124,296 $952,265,043
1978 $219,369,542,386 $935,408,775
1977 $212,325,176,305 $873,579,932
1976 $207,271,612,576 $1,204,699,849
1975 $174,419,757,177 $1,061,107,354
1974 $160,949,188,139 $1,225,589,878
1973 $131,764,343,566 $719,754,655
1972 $113,463,848,874 $662,213,083
1971 $99,606,454,744 $587,448,405
1970 $88,192,257,632 $563,555,631
1969 $79,405,011,125 $571,854,215
1968 $72,048,833,006 $559,956,130
1967 $65,856,924,424 $420,359,036
1966 $61,252,415,405 $293,103,479
1965 $54,649,410,479 $367,053,117
1964 $49,503,663,836 $411,419,906
1963 $45,140,337,827 $598,998,419
1962 $42,336,211,556 $634,528,872
1961 $41,038,192,838 $605,581,577
1960 $40,563,768,947 $545,098,448

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs Myanmar by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Myanmar
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada Myanmar
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $1,359 $5,997
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $1,233 $5,953
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $1,158 $5,732
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $1,243 $5,178
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $1,490 $5,741
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $1,426 $6,101
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $1,298 $5,581
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $1,273 $4,706
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $1,229 $4,460
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $1,167 $4,459
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $1,293 $4,376
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $1,199 $4,144
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $1,203 $3,845
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $1,214 $3,579
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $1,011 $3,348
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $758 $3,040
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $658 $2,748
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $419 $2,459
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $303 $2,153
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $252.7 $1,860
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $224.5 $1,601
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $224.3 $1,385
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $146.6 $1,204
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $141.5 $1,069
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $196.6 $949
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $189.5 $825
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $146 $742
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $108 $702
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $141.9 $661
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $124.1 $618
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $105.4 $573
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $76.2 $529
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $58.9 $494
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $51.2 $447
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $53.1 $441
1989 $20,795 - $51.3 -
1988 $19,013 - $39.9 -
1987 $16,378 - $41.1 -
1986 $14,521 - $42.4 -
1985 $14,170 - $40.4 -
1984 $13,930 - $36.3 -
1983 $13,477 - $39.3 -
1982 $12,527 - $43 -
1981 $12,379 - $32.8 -
1980 $11,208 - $31.2 -
1979 $10,078 - $29.2 -
1978 $9,154 - $29.3 -
1977 $8,949 - $27.9 -
1976 $8,839 - $39.2 -
1975 $7,537 - $35.2 -
1974 $7,057 - $41.4 -
1973 $5,858 - $24.8 -
1972 $5,107 - $23.3 -
1971 $4,535 - $21.1 -
1970 $4,136 - $20.7 -
1969 $3,776 - $21.5 -
1968 $3,473 - $21.5 -
1967 $3,226 - $16.5 -
1966 $3,055 - $11.8 -
1965 $2,777 - $15.1 -
1964 $2,562 - $17.3 -
1963 $2,380 - $25.8 -
1962 $2,274 - $27.9 -
1961 $2,246 - $27.3 -
1960 $2,265 - $25.1 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $1,359 in Myanmar, ranking 165/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while Myanmar ranks 153rd at $5,997.

Economic indicators

Canada Myanmar
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$74.1B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
85/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
-0.97%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$1,359
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
165/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$5,997
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
153/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$44B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
59.3%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$806
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
150/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$1,646
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
25.5%
2017
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
3.8%
2017
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
20.7%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
8.83%
2018-2019
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
1.48%
2020
Population
42181965
55292116

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
Myanmar
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada Myanmar
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 20.7% 59.3%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 21.4% 59.1%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 21.3% 56.1%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 20.9% 63.4%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 21.3% 49.1%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 20.5% 37.6%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 18.7% 39.9%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 19.7% 41.9%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 21.3% 35.7%
2015 40% 92% 23.7% 36.6%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 24.7% 34.5%
2013 40% 87.6% 23.9% 44.8%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 20% 48%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 15.6% 49.9%
2010 43.1% 84% 15.8% 54.4%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 14.4% 56.4%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 14.4% 59.8%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 15.7% 77.4%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 15.6% 103.1%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 14.6% 119%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 14.6% 126.6%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 14.3% 146%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 15.3% 190.6%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 19.1% 262%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 21.4% 164.5%
1999 41.8% 89% 22.8% 150.7%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 25.2% 208.6%
1997 43.5% 95.3% - -
1996 45.9% 100.2% - -
1995 47.7% 100.1% - -
1994 49% 97.5% - -
1993 51.5% 94.7% - -
1992 52.5% 88.2% - -
1991 51.4% 81.7% - -
1990 48.1% 73.7% - -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while Myanmar spent $15.3B, or 20.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 59.3% in Myanmar, ranking 15/185 and 81/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

Myanmar
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada Myanmar
2024 -2.01% -5.06%
2023 0.07% -5.18%
2022 0.56% -2.82%
2021 -3.06% -2.47%
2020 -10.9% -6.5%
2019 -0.02% -4.7%
2018 0.36% -2.77%
2017 -0.11% -3.42%
2016 -0.45% -2.53%
2015 -0.06% -4.33%
2014 0.17% -1.06%
2013 -1.49% -1.53%
2012 -2.52% -2.7%
2011 -3.31% -4.82%
2010 -4.74% -5.4%
2009 -3.88% -3.55%
2008 0.18% -2.73%
2007 1.82% -3.52%
2006 1.83% -3.42%
2005 1.55% -3.49%
2004 0.77% -4.62%
2003 -0.13% -4.24%
2002 -0.23% -4.01%
2001 0.53% -6.34%
2000 2.64% -6.03%
1999 1.66% -4.46%
1998 0.14% -4.89%
1997 0.04% -
1996 -3.05% -
1995 -5.49% -
1994 -6.94% -
1993 -8.93% -
1992 -9.2% -
1991 -8.36% -
1990 -5.91% -
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to Myanmar's deficit of $3.75B, or 5.06% of GDP.

Over the past 27 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 14 of those years, while Myanmar ran a deficit in 27 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 0.77% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.95% of GDP for Myanmar.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

Myanmar
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada Myanmar
2024 2.38% -
2023 3.88% -
2022 6.8% -
2021 3.4% -
2020 0.72% -
2019 1.95% 8.83%
2018 2.27% 6.87%
2017 1.6% 4.57%
2016 1.43% 6.93%
2015 1.13% 9.45%
2014 1.91% 4.95%
2013 0.94% 5.64%
2012 1.52% 1.47%
2011 2.91% 5.02%
2010 1.78% 7.72%
2009 0.3% 1.47%
2008 2.37% 26.8%
2007 2.14% 35%
2006 2% 20%
2005 2.21% 9.37%
2004 1.86% 4.53%
2003 2.76% 36.6%
2002 2.26% 57.1%
2001 2.53% 21.1%
2000 2.72% -0.11%
1999 1.73% 18.4%
1998 1% 51.5%
1997 1.62% 29.7%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

Over the past 23 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.87%, compared with 16.2% in Myanmar. In 2019, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 8.83% in Myanmar.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $4.13M
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $1.91M
Raw agricultural goods $1.87M
Animal & marine products $1.79M
Raw materials & minerals $1.42M
Chemicals & pharma $846K
Miscellaneous $265K
Textiles & consumer goods $162K
Wood & paper products $74K
Precious metals & jewellery $20K
Myanmar
Export category Export value
Textiles & consumer goods $47M
Animal & marine products $1.98M
Raw agricultural goods $1.75M
Chemicals & pharma $643K
Raw materials & minerals $484K
Metals $433K
Wood & paper products $355K
Machinery & equipment $152K
Miscellaneous $37K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $20K

Balance of trade

Canada Myanmar
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
$67.7M
2019
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
71/190
2019
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
+0.09%
2019
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$13.7B
2019
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$10.8B
2019
Service imports
$160B
2024
$3.66B
2019
Service exports
$159B
2024
$6.68B
2019
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
24.3%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada Myanmar
Economic freedom 75.6 44.5
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 180/197
Property rights 85.9 5.7
Government integrity 85.5 18.1
Judicial effectiveness 96 3.9
Tax burden 74.7 88.6
Government spending 45.9 86.6
Fiscal health 79.7 62.7
Business freedom 84.2 37.9
Labor freedom 68.3 53.2
Monetary freedom 73.8 57.5
Trade freedom 83.2 69.4
Investment freedom 60 30
Financial freedom 70 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
Myanmar
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada Myanmar
2026 75.6 44.5
2025 75.5 43.7
2024 72.4 42.2
2023 73.7 46.5
2022 76.6 49.6
2021 77.9 55.2
2020 78.2 54
2019 77.7 53.6
2018 77.7 53.9
2017 78.5 52.5
2016 78 48.7
2015 79.1 46.9
2014 80.2 46.5
2013 79.4 39.2
2012 79.9 38.7
2011 80.8 37.8
2010 80.4 36.7
2009 80.5 37.7
2008 80.2 39.5
2007 78 41
2006 77.4 40
2005 75.8 40.5
2004 75.3 43.6
2003 74.8 44.9
2002 74.6 45.5
2001 71.2 46.1
2000 70.5 47.9
1999 69.3 46.4
1998 68.5 45.7
1997 67.9 45.4
1996 70.3 45.1
1995 69.4 -

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 44.5 for Myanmar, ranking 180/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada Myanmar
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
41.4%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
37.8%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
20.8%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$65.9B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$5,890
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$9.34B
2023
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
81/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$1.74B
2019
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$1.1B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
1.31%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
24.8%
2017
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/myanmar | CC BY

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Help us show the world through your eyes

Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.

Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2022–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.