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Economy of Canada vs El Salvador compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Canada has a GDP of $2.24T compared to $35.4B for El Salvador, ranking 9/197 and 105/197 by economy size, respectively.

Canada has $2.5T in government debt (111.3% of GDP), compared to $30.9B (87.5% of GDP) in El Salvador.

Canada vs El Salvador GDP by year

Canada
El Salvador
1x
Year GDP, current $
Canada El Salvador
2024 $2,243,636,826,634 $35,364,960,000
2023 $2,173,339,670,064 $33,853,940,000
2022 $2,190,411,080,134 $31,870,120,000
2021 $2,022,378,748,423 $29,043,140,000
2020 $1,655,684,730,000 $24,921,190,000
2019 $1,743,725,183,673 $26,881,140,000
2018 $1,725,329,192,783 $26,020,850,000
2017 $1,649,265,644,244 $24,979,190,000
2016 $1,527,994,741,907 $24,191,430,000
2015 $1,556,508,816,217 $23,438,240,000
2014 $1,805,749,878,440 $22,593,470,000
2013 $1,846,597,421,835 $21,990,960,000
2012 $1,828,366,481,522 $21,386,150,000
2011 $1,793,326,630,175 $20,283,780,000
2010 $1,617,343,367,486 $18,447,920,000
2009 $1,374,625,142,157 $17,601,620,000
2008 $1,552,989,690,722 $17,986,890,000
2007 $1,468,820,407,783 $17,011,750,000
2006 $1,319,264,809,591 $15,999,890,000
2005 $1,173,108,598,779 $14,698,000,000
2004 $1,026,690,238,278 $13,724,810,900
2003 $895,540,646,635 $13,243,892,200
2002 $760,649,334,098 $12,664,190,300
2001 $738,981,792,355 $12,282,533,600
2000 $744,773,415,932 $11,784,927,700
1999 $678,412,196,271 $11,284,197,000
1998 $634,000,000,000 $10,936,669,900
1997 $654,986,999,856 $10,221,705,900
1996 $630,607,994,133 $9,586,327,800
1995 $605,961,090,061 $8,921,947,100
1994 $579,944,346,807 $7,679,384,000
1993 $579,053,561,739 $6,680,269,200
1992 $594,387,358,319 $5,813,399,300
1991 $612,527,712,316 $5,252,342,400
1990 $596,075,591,361 $4,817,542,204
1989 $567,211,993,243 $4,372,215,300
1988 $509,380,027,627 $4,189,880,000
1987 $433,134,238,311 $3,958,045,800
1986 $379,006,836,992 $3,771,663,200
1985 $366,186,012,450 $3,800,368,600
1984 $356,718,400,124 $3,661,683,400
1983 $341,866,277,183 $3,506,347,800
1982 $314,647,807,409 $3,399,189,100
1981 $307,246,642,756 $3,437,200,200
1980 $274,776,566,028 $3,573,959,900
1979 $243,891,124,296 $3,463,639,900
1978 $219,369,542,386 $3,127,960,000
1977 $212,325,176,305 $2,941,640,100
1976 $207,271,612,576 $2,328,280,100
1975 $174,419,757,177 $1,884,120,100
1974 $160,949,188,139 $1,665,880,000
1973 $131,764,343,566 $1,442,320,000
1972 $113,463,848,874 $1,263,720,000
1971 $99,606,454,744 $1,186,120,000
1970 $88,192,257,632 $1,132,920,000
1969 $79,405,011,125 $1,049,400,000
1968 $72,048,833,006 $1,009,760,100
1967 $65,856,924,424 $976,200,000
1966 $61,252,415,405 $929,520,000
1965 $54,649,410,479 $877,720,000
1964 $49,503,663,836 -
1963 $45,140,337,827 -
1962 $42,336,211,556 -
1961 $41,038,192,838 -
1960 $40,563,768,947 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

GDP per capita in Canada vs El Salvador by year

Canada
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
El Salvador
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Canada El Salvador
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $54,340 $64,610 $5,580 $13,264
2023 $54,220 $64,219 $5,365 $12,680
2022 $56,257 $63,944 $5,075 $11,876
2021 $52,887 $56,995 $4,643 $10,810
2020 $43,538 $48,591 $3,997 $9,393
2019 $46,353 $50,499 $4,320 $9,757
2018 $46,539 $49,983 $4,184 $9,204
2017 $45,130 $48,317 $4,020 $8,965
2016 $42,314 $46,471 $3,901 $8,456
2015 $43,594 $44,668 $3,790 $7,934
2014 $50,961 $45,758 $3,666 $7,504
2013 $52,638 $44,301 $3,582 $7,093
2012 $52,670 $42,292 $3,498 $6,708
2011 $52,224 $41,667 $3,331 $6,594
2010 $47,561 $40,103 $3,040 $6,248
2009 $40,875 $38,863 $2,910 $6,063
2008 $46,710 $40,376 $2,983 $6,175
2007 $44,660 $39,573 $2,831 $5,949
2006 $40,504 $38,123 $2,666 $5,695
2005 $36,384 $36,328 $2,447 $5,292
2004 $32,146 $33,929 $2,286 $4,998
2003 $28,302 $32,350 $2,208 $4,829
2002 $24,256 $30,964 $2,115 $4,672
2001 $23,822 $30,241 $2,058 $4,543
2000 $24,271 $29,348 $1,983 $4,422
1999 $22,315 $27,841 $1,908 $4,298
1998 $21,025 $26,324 $1,860 $4,171
1997 $21,902 $25,264 $1,749 $4,043
1996 $21,297 $24,055 $1,651 $3,880
1995 $20,680 $23,474 $1,548 $3,808
1994 $19,998 $22,624 $1,344 $3,591
1993 $20,187 $21,432 $1,180 $3,390
1992 $20,950 $20,619 $1,041 $3,171
1991 $21,847 $20,220 $956 $2,945
1990 $21,526 $20,226 $892 $2,856
1989 $20,795 - $825 -
1988 $19,013 - $806 -
1987 $16,378 - $777 -
1986 $14,521 - $755 -
1985 $14,170 - $776 -
1984 $13,930 - $763 -
1983 $13,477 - $745 -
1982 $12,527 - $735 -
1981 $12,379 - $752 -
1980 $11,208 - $787 -
1979 $10,078 - $773 -
1978 $9,154 - $712 -
1977 $8,949 - $684 -
1976 $8,839 - $553 -
1975 $7,537 - $457 -
1974 $7,057 - $413 -
1973 $5,858 - $366 -
1972 $5,107 - $329 -
1971 $4,535 - $316 -
1970 $4,136 - $309 -
1969 $3,776 - $293.4 -
1968 $3,473 - $290.1 -
1967 $3,226 - $288.4 -
1966 $3,055 - $282.4 -
1965 $2,777 - $274.3 -
1964 $2,562 - - -
1963 $2,380 - - -
1962 $2,274 - - -
1961 $2,246 - - -
1960 $2,265 - - -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

Canada's GDP per capita is $54,340, ranking 20/197, compared to $5,580 in El Salvador, ranking 116/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Canada ranks 28th at $64,610, while El Salvador ranks 120th at $13,264.

Economic indicators

Canada El Salvador
Gross domestic product
$2.24T
2024
$35.4B
2024
GDP rank
9/197
2024
105/197
2024
GDP growth
1.55%
2023-2024
2.6%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$54,340
2024
$5,580
2024
GDP per capita rank
20/197
2024
116/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$64,610
2024
$13,264
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
28/197
2024
120/197
2024
Government debt
$2.5T
2024
$30.9B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
111.3%
2024
87.5%
2024
Government debt per person
$60,482
2024
$4,883
2024
Government debt per person rank
4/185
2024
81/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$37,320
2026
$4,768
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$3.37T
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
2,098,000
2025
n/a
Number of billionaires
76
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.1%
2021
29.7%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
3.3%
2021
1.9%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
44.7%
2024
31.4%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
2.38%
2023-2024
0.85%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
2.25%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.35%
2024
2.71%
2024
Population
42181965
6399793

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Canada
Spending

Debt
El Salvador
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Canada El Salvador
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 44.7% 111.3% 31.4% 87.5%
2023 42.1% 107.7% 30.5% 85.1%
2022 40.6% 104.2% 28.7% 83.7%
2021 45.5% 112.6% 31.1% 88%
2020 52.4% 118.1% 32.7% 95.4%
2019 40.6% 90.2% 27.8% 77.9%
2018 40.7% 90.8% 27.6% 77%
2017 40.5% 90.9% 28.1% 77.1%
2016 40.8% 92.4% 27.5% 75.2%
2015 40% 92% 27.1% 73.5%
2014 38.4% 85.5% 27.6% 71.8%
2013 40% 87.6% 28.5% 69.7%
2012 40.9% 87.2% 27.4% 70%
2011 41.6% 84.3% 25.3% 65.6%
2010 43.1% 84% 25.6% 66.8%
2009 43.4% 81.8% 26% 65.8%
2008 38.8% 70.4% 24.5% 54.2%
2007 38.5% 67.2% 22.8% 52.2%
2006 38.7% 69.9% 23.4% 52.6%
2005 38.5% 70.6% 22.4% 46.3%
2004 39.1% 71.9% 21.5% 46.8%
2003 40.3% 75.9% 22.6% 46%
2002 40.4% 79.6% 22.5% 43.8%
2001 41.1% 81.5% 21.7% 37.8%
2000 40.6% 80.4% 21% 29.6%
1999 41.8% 89% 19.7% 28%
1998 43.4% 93.3% 19.3% 25.7%
1997 43.5% 95.3% 18.6% 27.8%
1996 45.9% 100.2% 21% 28.5%
1995 47.7% 100.1% 18.6% 28%
1994 49% 97.5% 18.9% 30.5%
1993 51.5% 94.7% 18.5% 31.9%
1992 52.5% 88.2% 20.8% 36.4%
1991 51.4% 81.7% 18.5% 43.3%
1990 48.1% 73.7% 15.9% -
1989 45.8% 72.2% - -
1988 45.4% 71.1% - -
1987 46.1% 71.4% - -
1986 47.6% 71% - -
1985 48.3% 66.9% - -
1984 47.5% 61.7% - -
1983 47.9% 58.4% - -
1982 47.3% 52.7% - -
1981 42.5% 46.9% - -
1980 41.6% 45.6% - -
1979 40% 45.3% - -
1978 41.6% 48% - -
1977 41.4% 45.1% - -
1976 40.2% 43.6% - -
1975 41.1% 45.2% - -
1974 37.6% 45.8% - -
1973 36% 48% - -
1972 37.5% 53.5% - -
1971 37.3% 55.3% - -
1970 36% 54.3% - -
1969 33.9% 53% - -
1968 33.8% 55.9% - -
1967 32.9% 56.9% - -
1966 30.8% 56.6% - -
1965 29.8% 60.1% - -
1964 29.7% 63.7% - -
1963 30.3% 67% - -
1962 30.6% 67.2% - -
1961 30.6% 68.2% - -
1960 14.9% 66.1% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government spending was $1T, accounting for 44.7% of its GDP, while El Salvador spent $11.1B, or 31.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 111.3% in Canada and 87.5% in El Salvador, ranking 15/185 and 36/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Canada

El Salvador
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Canada El Salvador
2024 -2.01% -4.55%
2023 0.07% -4.69%
2022 0.56% -2.68%
2021 -3.06% -5.53%
2020 -10.9% -8.18%
2019 -0.02% -3.07%
2018 0.36% -2.71%
2017 -0.11% -2.53%
2016 -0.45% -3.1%
2015 -0.06% -3.63%
2014 0.17% -4.02%
2013 -1.49% -4.46%
2012 -2.52% -3.81%
2011 -3.31% -4.47%
2010 -4.74% -4.97%
2009 -3.88% -6.65%
2008 0.18% -3.8%
2007 1.82% -2.32%
2006 1.83% -3.42%
2005 1.55% -3.47%
2004 0.77% -2.76%
2003 -0.13% -4.23%
2002 -0.23% -5.5%
2001 0.53% -4.95%
2000 2.64% -3.45%
1999 1.66% -3.08%
1998 0.14% -2.94%
1997 0.04% -1.97%
1996 -3.05% -2.7%
1995 -5.49% -0.18%
1994 -6.94% -0.94%
1993 -8.93% -1.42%
1992 -9.2% -4.29%
1991 -8.36% -2.3%
1990 -5.91% -0.61%
1989 -4.6% -
1988 -4.33% -
1987 -5.42% -
1986 -7.14% -
1985 -8.59% -
1984 -7.78% -
1983 -8.17% -
1982 -7.03% -
1981 -2.83% -
1980 -4.07% -
1979 -3.41% -
1978 -4.77% -
1977 -4.1% -
1976 -2.78% -
1975 -3.54% -
1974 1.1% -
1973 0.6% -
1972 -0.97% -
1971 -1.02% -
1970 -0.36% -
1969 1.2% -
1968 -0.45% -
1967 -0.82% -
1966 -0.07% -
1965 -0.25% -
1964 -0.68% -
1963 -2.31% -
1962 -2.6% -
1961 -2.75% -
1960 -0.85% -
1959 -1.08% -
1958 -1.69% -
1957 -0.11% -
1956 0.77% -
1955 -0.11% -
1954 -0.57% -
1953 0.3% -
1952 0.09% -
1951 1.1% -
1950 1.09% -
1949 0.78% -
1948 3.84% -
1947 5.02% -
1946 3.14% -
1945 -17.9% -
1944 -21.6% -
1943 -23.1% -
1942 -20.8% -
1941 -4.79% -
1940 -5.62% -
1939 -2.11% -
1938 -0.97% -
1937 -0.34% -
1936 -1.68% -
1935 -3.72% -
1934 -2.93% -
1933 -3.83% -
1932 -5.79% -
1931 -2.43% -
1930 -1.47% -
1929 0.78% -
1928 1.12% -
1927 0.92% -
1926 0.81% -
1925 0.55% -
1924 0.007% -
1923 0.79% -
1922 -0.75% -
1921 -2% -
1920 -1.82% -
1919 -8.94% -
1918 -8.98% -
1917 -7.83% -
1916 -8.14% -
1915 -6.17% -
1914 -4.63% -
1913 -0.82% -
1912 1.03% -
1911 0.004% -
1910 -0.18% -
1909 -0.67% -
1908 -2.78% -
1907 -0.83% -
1906 0.22% -
1905 -0.07% -
1904 -0.44% -
1903 0.07% -
1902 0.91% -
1901 -0.34% -
1900 -0.33% -
1899 0.1% -
1898 -0.3% -
1897 -0.35% -
1896 -0.48% -
1895 -0.85% -
1894 -1.06% -
1893 -0.66% -
1892 -0.07% -
1891 3.23% -
1890 -0.04% -
1889 0% -
1888 -0.48% -
1887 -1.18% -
1886 -0.73% -
1885 -4.82% -
1884 -2.43% -
1883 -3.88% -
1882 -0.78% -
1881 0.32% -
1880 -0.62% -
1879 -2.11% -
1878 -0.63% -
1877 -1.63% -
1876 -2.06% -
1875 -1.88% -
1874 -1.57% -
1873 -1.74% -
1872 -3.93% -
1871 -1.09% -
1870 0.13% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

In 2024, Canada's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $45.2B, equivalent to 2.01% of GDP. This compares to El Salvador's deficit of $1.61B, or 4.55% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Canada recorded a fiscal deficit in 21 of those years, while El Salvador ran a deficit in 35 years. On average, Canada posted an annual deficit equal to 1.96% of GDP, compared to deficit of 3.52% of GDP for El Salvador.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Canada

El Salvador
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Canada El Salvador
2024 2.38% 0.85%
2023 3.88% 4.05%
2022 6.8% 7.2%
2021 3.4% 3.47%
2020 0.72% -0.37%
2019 1.95% 0.08%
2018 2.27% 1.09%
2017 1.6% 1.01%
2016 1.43% 0.6%
2015 1.13% -0.73%
2014 1.91% 1.14%
2013 0.94% 0.76%
2012 1.52% 1.73%
2011 2.91% 5.13%
2010 1.78% 1.18%
2009 0.3% 1.06%
2008 2.37% 6.71%
2007 2.14% 4.58%
2006 2% 4.04%
2005 2.21% 4.69%
2004 1.86% 4.45%
2003 2.76% 2.12%
2002 2.26% 1.87%
2001 2.53% 3.75%
2000 2.72% 2.27%
1999 1.73% 0.51%
1998 1% 2.55%
1997 1.62% 4.49%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Canada has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.15%, compared with 2.51% in El Salvador. In 2024, inflation was 2.38% in Canada and 0.85% in El Salvador.

Top exports between countries

Canada
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $51M
Raw materials & minerals $30.7M
Chemicals & pharma $13M
Transport & tourism services $11.1M
Machinery & equipment $8.12M
Wood & paper products $5.5M
Business & finance services $4.8M
Textiles & consumer goods $3.83M
IT & IP services $1.6M
Metals $1.32M
El Salvador
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $22.4M
Textiles & consumer goods $15.9M
Raw agricultural goods $5.52M
Metals $1.32M
Chemicals & pharma $1.15M
Machinery & equipment $109K
Animal & marine products $83K
Wood & paper products $18K
Miscellaneous $9K
Raw materials & minerals $8K

Balance of trade

Canada El Salvador
Current account balance
-$10.3B
2024
-$633M
2024
Current account balance ranking
177/190
2024
110/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-0.46%
2024
-1.79%
2024
Goods imports
$574B
2024
$15.1B
2024
Goods exports
$569B
2024
$5.59B
2024
Service imports
$160B
2024
$3.26B
2024
Service exports
$159B
2024
$6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.7%
2024
51.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
32.4%
2024
32.8%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Canada El Salvador
Economic freedom 75.6 57.7
Economic freedom ranking 17/197 114/197
Property rights 85.9 42.7
Government integrity 85.5 31.5
Judicial effectiveness 96 15.3
Tax burden 74.7 76.8
Government spending 45.9 72.7
Fiscal health 79.7 59.4
Business freedom 84.2 65.7
Labor freedom 68.3 51.6
Monetary freedom 73.8 70.6
Trade freedom 83.2 76.4
Investment freedom 60 70
Financial freedom 70 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Canada
El Salvador
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Canada El Salvador
2026 75.6 57.7
2025 75.5 56.6
2024 72.4 54.4
2023 73.7 56
2022 76.6 59.6
2021 77.9 61
2020 78.2 61.6
2019 77.7 61.8
2018 77.7 63.2
2017 78.5 64.1
2016 78 65.1
2015 79.1 65.7
2014 80.2 66.2
2013 79.4 66.7
2012 79.9 68.7
2011 80.8 68.8
2010 80.4 69.9
2009 80.5 69.8
2008 80.2 68.5
2007 78 68.9
2006 77.4 69.6
2005 75.8 71.5
2004 75.3 71.2
2003 74.8 71.5
2002 74.6 73
2001 71.2 73
2000 70.5 76.3
1999 69.3 75.1
1998 68.5 70.2
1997 67.9 70.5
1996 70.3 70.1
1995 69.4 69.1

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/canada/el-salvador | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Canada is 75.6, ranking 17/197, compared to 57.7 for El Salvador, ranking 114/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Canada El Salvador
Services, % of GDP
66.4%
2021
61%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
25.3%
2021
22.4%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.6%
2021
4.38%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.2T
2024
$32.5B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$63,630
2024
$12,420
2024
Total reserves including gold
$120B
2024
$3.7B
2024
Total reserves ranking
23/177
2024
110/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$27.8B
2024
-$636M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$63.1B
2024
$924M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.4B
2024
$288M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
35%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
9.4%
2020
27.2%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
20.3%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1870–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2021–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
  9. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2020, retrieved 2026-02-20)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.