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Economy of Burundi vs Spain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Burundi has a GDP of $3.08B compared to $1.73T for Spain, ranking 169/197 and 15/197 by economy size, respectively.

Burundi has $1.6B in government debt (52% of GDP), compared to $1.75T (101.6% of GDP) in Spain.

Burundi vs Spain GDP by year

Burundi
Spain
1x
Year GDP, current $
Burundi Spain
2024 $3,082,433,067 $1,725,671,652,742
2023 $3,430,949,250 $1,619,481,980,720
2022 $4,036,192,553 $1,448,850,658,407
2021 $3,435,598,073 $1,461,244,901,853
2020 $3,227,847,281 $1,289,783,836,971
2019 $2,871,555,326 $1,403,496,387,686
2018 $2,913,411,408 $1,431,642,809,327
2017 $2,831,362,208 $1,321,754,088,819
2016 $2,618,093,125 $1,243,015,667,917
2015 $2,810,532,912 $1,206,164,777,553
2014 $2,705,826,648 $1,380,244,561,362
2013 $2,451,624,638 $1,362,186,923,158
2012 $2,327,402,363 $1,330,994,811,670
2011 $2,235,812,880 $1,487,568,659,241
2010 $2,032,135,192 $1,427,989,078,917
2009 $1,775,495,032 $1,496,587,590,848
2008 $1,611,835,857 $1,636,115,447,613
2007 $1,356,199,387 $1,476,746,276,855
2006 $1,273,375,078 $1,261,846,683,275
2005 $1,117,113,080 $1,154,667,551,776
2004 $915,257,323 $1,069,829,382,515
2003 $784,654,424 $907,963,217,058
2002 $825,394,519 $708,938,227,244
2001 $876,794,723 $627,798,682,379
2000 $870,486,066 $598,102,854,756
1999 $808,077,223 $634,394,904,387
1998 $893,770,740 $618,731,484,575
1997 $972,896,268 $589,739,772,727
1996 $869,033,856 $642,251,412,058
1995 $1,000,428,394 $614,170,002,669
1994 $925,030,590 $530,183,651,720
1993 $938,632,612 $524,700,572,624
1992 $1,083,037,671 $630,465,353,486
1991 $1,167,398,478 $576,753,902,322
1990 $1,132,101,253 $536,175,326,477
1989 $1,113,924,130 $414,460,794,097
1988 $1,082,403,219 $375,891,716,898
1987 $1,131,466,494 $318,520,253,335
1986 $1,201,725,497 $251,141,555,186
1985 $1,149,979,286 $180,664,322,896
1984 $987,143,931 $171,979,977,230
1983 $1,082,926,304 $170,829,074,246
1982 $1,013,222,222 $195,856,752,991
1981 $969,046,667 $202,663,023,968
1980 $919,726,667 $232,600,556,974
1979 $782,496,667 $214,448,666,336
1978 $610,225,556 $160,484,969,618
1977 $547,535,556 $132,354,665,936
1976 $448,412,754 $118,422,534,195
1975 $420,986,667 $114,695,060,870
1974 $345,263,492 $97,204,522,642
1973 $304,339,524 $78,583,355,226
1972 $246,804,571 $59,090,176,029
1971 $252,842,286 $46,586,119,760
1970 $242,732,571 $40,963,715,237
1969 $190,205,714 $37,090,689,288
1968 $183,200,000 $32,394,326,464
1967 $178,297,143 $32,570,905,397
1966 $165,444,571 $29,559,436,183
1965 $158,994,963 $25,479,619,607
1964 $260,750,008 $21,966,876,027
1963 $232,749,998 $19,631,714,760
1962 $213,500,006 $16,609,632,791
1961 $202,999,992 $14,238,126,760
1960 $195,999,990 $12,424,514,014

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

GDP per capita in Burundi vs Spain by year

Burundi
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Spain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Burundi Spain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2024 $219.4 $1,195 $35,327 $57,965
2023 $250.6 $1,150 $33,493 $55,682
2022 $303 $1,105 $30,319 $51,399
2021 $265 $1,036 $30,799 $44,252
2020 $255.8 $958 $27,234 $39,328
2019 $234.3 $868 $29,787 $44,043
2018 $245.7 $823 $30,602 $41,015
2017 $246.1 $791 $28,381 $39,825
2016 $232.9 $764 $26,756 $37,613
2015 $254.4 $722 $25,982 $35,229
2014 $250.5 $724 $29,708 $33,761
2013 $234.8 $687 $29,229 $32,614
2012 $231.1 $637 $28,456 $31,870
2011 $230.1 $629 $31,825 $32,016
2010 $216.7 $614 $30,659 $31,805
2009 $198.4 $605 $32,280 $32,218
2008 $189.5 $609 $35,603 $33,350
2007 $166.2 $594 $32,652 $32,536
2006 $161.9 $580 $28,422 $30,749
2005 $147.2 $553 $26,451 $27,630
2004 $125.2 $552 $24,925 $26,160
2003 $111.4 $532 $21,522 $25,057
2002 $121 $545 $17,111 $24,378
2001 $132.2 $528 $15,368 $22,952
2000 $134.5 $519 $14,743 $21,582
1999 $127.5 $523 $15,708 $19,938
1998 $144.5 $533 $15,382 $19,083
1997 $160.3 $513 $14,722 $17,903
1996 $143.2 $513 $16,101 $16,971
1995 $164.9 $548 $15,461 $16,276
1994 $161.9 $619 $13,406 $15,582
1993 $165.3 $634 $13,330 $14,973
1992 $184.9 $640 $16,101 $14,855
1991 $204.7 $636 $14,801 $14,461
1990 $202.6 $598 $13,795 $13,676
1989 $203.6 - $10,674 -
1988 $201.7 - $9,696 -
1987 $215.6 - $8,234 -
1986 $234.3 - $6,509 -
1985 $228.4 - $4,696 -
1984 $200.4 - $4,487 -
1983 $225.2 - $4,475 -
1982 $216.4 - $5,156 -
1981 $212.2 - $5,367 -
1980 $209.8 - $6,204 -
1979 $186.2 - $5,766 -
1978 $148.8 - $4,353 -
1977 $137.4 - $3,625 -
1976 $115.5 - $3,277 -
1975 $110.9 - $3,208 -
1974 $93.2 - $2,748 -
1973 $84.3 - $2,246 -
1972 $68.2 - $1,708 -
1971 $69.9 - $1,361 -
1970 $68.8 - $1,211 -
1969 $55.1 - $1,109 -
1968 $54.2 - $978 -
1967 $54 - $997 -
1966 $51.4 - $916 -
1965 $50.6 - $797 -
1964 $85.3 - $695 -
1963 $78.4 - $627 -
1962 $73.4 - $535 -
1961 $71.6 - $463 -
1960 $70.9 - $408 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

Burundi's GDP per capita is $219.4, ranking 197/197, compared to $35,327 in Spain, ranking 32/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Burundi ranks 196th at $1,195, while Spain ranks 34th at $57,965.

Economic indicators

Burundi Spain
Gross domestic product
$3.08B
2024
$1.73T
2024
GDP rank
169/197
2024
15/197
2024
GDP growth
4.11%
2023-2024
3.46%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$219.4
2024
$35,327
2024
GDP per capita rank
197/197
2024
32/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,195
2024
$57,965
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
196/197
2024
34/197
2024
Government debt
$1.6B
2024
$1.75T
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
52%
2024
101.6%
2024
Government debt per person
$114.1
2024
$35,909
2024
Government debt per person rank
184/185
2024
20/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,228
2026
$25,470
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$754B
2024
Number of millionaires n/a
1,202,000
2025
Number of billionaires n/a
34
2025
Income share by richest 10%
29.9%
2020
24.5%
2023
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2020
2.2%
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.3%
2024
45.3%
2024
Consumer prices inflation
20.2%
2023-2024
2.77%
2023-2024
Unemployment rate
1.03%
2020
11.3%
2024
Population
14833763
48806901

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Burundi
Spending

Debt
Spain
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Burundi Spain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2024 22.3% 52% 45.3% 101.6%
2023 28.4% 58.1% 45.5% 105.1%
2022 33.5% 68.5% 46.4% 109.2%
2021 28.4% 66.5% 49.5% 115.6%
2020 29.2% 65.9% 51.4% 119.2%
2019 28.8% 60.1% 42% 97.6%
2018 26% 53% 41.5% 99.7%
2017 24.1% 46.9% 41% 101.1%
2016 22.6% 46.1% 42.1% 102%
2015 23.2% 39.9% 43.7% 102.4%
2014 28.5% 38% 45.1% 104.4%
2013 34.8% 37.9% 46.2% 100%
2012 37.5% 41.4% 49.2% 89.6%
2011 42.2% 42.7% 45.9% 69.5%
2010 40.8% 46.9% 45.8% 60.3%
2009 38% 25.7% 46.1% 53.1%
2008 41.2% 102.5% 41.3% 39.6%
2007 39% 129.6% 39.2% 35.7%
2006 36.5% 130.3% 38.4% 39%
2005 33.1% 137% 38.4% 42.4%
2004 39.2% 166.1% 38.8% 45.3%
2003 33.9% 159.9% 38.4% 47.7%
2002 21.9% 144.8% 38.6% 51.2%
2001 22.7% 113.6% 38.4% 54.1%
2000 21.7% 120% 39.1% 57.8%
1999 20.5% 140.6% 40% 60.9%
1998 19.9% 138.9% 41% 62.4%
1997 18.8% 122.8% 41.5% 64.3%
1996 24.4% 139.4% 42.9% 65.4%
1995 22.1% 117.1% 44.1% 61.6%
1994 19.4% 119.6% 44.8% 57%
1993 24% 112% 46.3% 54.6%
1992 26.1% 93.5% 43.9% 44.1%
1991 19.2% - 42.6% 41.9%
1990 17.4% - 41.1% 41.3%
1989 - - 32.1% 39.2%
1988 - - 28.6% 38.2%
1987 - - 31.1% 42.1%
1986 - - 28.4% 36.5%
1985 - - 27.6% 31.5%
1984 - - 27% 18.3%
1983 - - 26% 13.4%
1982 - - 21.5% 12%
1981 - - 18.1% 10.9%
1980 - - 16.3% 10.2%
1979 - - 14.3% 9.88%
1978 - - 14.3% 9.93%
1977 - - 12.8% 8.75%
1976 - - 11.5% 8.21%
1975 - - 11.4% 11.9%
1974 - - 11.4% 13.6%
1973 - - 9.88% 16.3%
1972 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1971 - - 14% 17.9%
1970 - - 12.3% 19.2%
1969 - - 12.3% 18.8%
1968 - - 12.8% 18.3%
1967 - - 12.5% 17.6%
1966 - - 11.8% 17.7%
1965 - - 14% 18.1%
1964 - - 12.7% 19.5%
1963 - - 12.4% 21%
1962 - - 10.6% 24.4%
1961 - - 9.97% 26.7%
1960 - - 11% 29.4%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government spending was $689M, accounting for 22.3% of its GDP, while Spain spent $782B, or 45.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 52% in Burundi and 101.6% in Spain, ranking 101/185 and 21/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Burundi

Spain
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Burundi Spain
2024 -4.84% -3.15%
2023 -7.7% -3.52%
2022 -10.7% -4.63%
2021 -4.6% -6.66%
2020 -6.58% -10%
2019 -6.4% -3.04%
2018 -6.66% -2.58%
2017 -5.01% -3.1%
2016 -7.11% -4.26%
2015 -7.56% -5.26%
2014 -3.93% -6.07%
2013 -1.9% -7.49%
2012 -3.79% -11.5%
2011 -3.49% -9.69%
2010 -3.64% -9.49%
2009 -5.14% -11.2%
2008 -2.7% -4.56%
2007 -2.51% 1.88%
2006 -9.92% 2.12%
2005 -10.6% 1.23%
2004 -14.9% -0.1%
2003 -13.7% -0.37%
2002 -4.9% -0.32%
2001 -7.78% -0.45%
2000 -5.66% -1.16%
1999 -5.33% -1.24%
1998 -4.43% -2.63%
1997 -4.48% -3.86%
1996 -8.61% -5.87%
1995 -3.72% -6.79%
1994 -1.76% -6.31%
1993 -1.22% -6.89%
1992 -4.16% -4.26%
1991 4.14% -4.58%
1990 8.14% -3.9%
1989 - -3.24%
1988 - -2.95%
1987 - -3.52%
1986 - -5.18%
1985 - -6.04%
1984 - -5.25%
1983 - -4.77%
1982 - -5.76%
1981 - -2.88%
1980 - -2.55%
1979 - -1.51%
1978 - -1.63%
1977 - -0.24%
1976 - 0.43%
1975 - 0.26%
1974 - 0.11%
1973 - 1.09%
1972 - 0.24%
1971 - -0.96%
1970 - 0.09%
1969 - -0.06%
1968 - -0.55%
1967 - -0.32%
1966 - 0.07%
1965 - -0.04%
1964 - 0.18%
1963 - -0.54%
1962 - 1.27%
1961 - 1.9%
1960 - 0.69%
1959 - 0.54%
1958 - 0.23%
1957 - 1.13%
1956 - -0.05%
1955 - 0.6%
1954 - 0.7%
1953 - 1.02%
1952 - 0.81%
1951 - -0.24%
1950 - -0.44%
1949 - -0.35%
1948 - -1.21%
1947 - -1.09%
1946 - -2.24%
1945 - -4.56%
1944 - -5.44%
1943 - -7.73%
1942 - -2.48%
1941 - -4.34%
1940 - -3.54%
1939 - -
1938 - -
1937 - -
1936 - -
1935 - -0.49%
1934 - -1.17%
1933 - -0.72%
1932 - -0.3%
1931 - 0.1%
1930 - 0.3%
1929 - -0.07%
1928 - -0.31%
1927 - -0.54%
1926 - -0.65%
1925 - -1.19%
1924 - -1.76%
1923 - -1.89%
1922 - -2.26%
1921 - -3.33%
1920 - -2.4%
1919 - -1.82%
1918 - -1.8%
1917 - -1.49%
1916 - -1.15%
1915 - -2.97%
1914 - -1.04%
1913 - -0.09%
1912 - -0.33%
1911 - 0.19%
1910 - 0.09%
1909 - -0.29%
1908 - 0.59%
1907 - 0.66%
1906 - 0.91%
1905 - 0.71%
1904 - 0.52%
1903 - 0.28%
1902 - 0.74%
1901 - 0.69%
1900 - 1.04%
1899 - 2.75%
1898 - 0.13%
1897 - -0.64%
1896 - 0.46%
1895 - 0.83%
1894 - -0.08%
1893 - 0.87%
1892 - -0.67%
1891 - -0.41%
1890 - -0.4%
1889 - -0.38%
1888 - -0.97%
1887 - -0.73%
1886 - -0.08%
1885 - -0.78%
1884 - -0.23%
1883 - -0.38%
1882 - 0.38%
1881 - 0.08%
1880 - -0.02%
1879 - -0.52%
1878 - -0.08%
1877 - 0.11%
1876 - 0.1%
1875 - -1.42%
1874 - -0.1%
1873 - 2.22%
1872 - -2.27%
1871 - -2.64%
1870 - -3.42%
1869 - -2.64%
1868 - -1.46%
1867 - -0.79%
1866 - -0.83%
1865 - -1.84%
1864 - -2.48%
1863 - -1.55%
1862 - -1.76%
1861 - -1.77%
1860 - -0.94%
1859 - 0.39%
1858 - -0.44%
1857 - -0.41%
1856 - -0.46%
1855 - -0.76%
1854 - -0.32%
1853 - -0.02%
1852 - -0.11%
1851 - -0.25%
1850 - 0.31%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1989, retrieved 2026-02-20); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

In 2024, Burundi's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $149M, equivalent to 4.84% of GDP. This compares to Spain's deficit of $54.3B, or 3.15% of GDP.

Over the past 35 years, Burundi recorded a fiscal deficit in 33 of those years, while Spain ran a deficit in 32 years. On average, Burundi posted an annual deficit equal to 5.23% of GDP, compared to deficit of 4.28% of GDP for Spain.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Burundi

Spain
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Burundi Spain
2024 20.2% 2.77%
2023 26.9% 3.53%
2022 18.8% 8.39%
2021 8.4% 3.09%
2020 7.32% -0.32%
2019 -0.69% 0.7%
2018 -2.81% 1.67%
2017 16.1% 1.96%
2016 5.56% -0.2%
2015 5.54% -0.5%
2014 4.41% -0.15%
2013 7.94% 1.41%
2012 18.2% 2.45%
2011 9.59% 3.2%
2010 6.49% 1.8%
2009 10.6% -0.29%
2008 24.4% 4.08%
2007 8.41% 2.79%
2006 2.75% 3.52%
2005 13.3% 3.37%
2004 8.18% 3.04%
2003 10.6% 3.04%
2002 -1.37% 3.07%
2001 9.3% 3.59%
2000 24.4% 3.43%
1999 3.39% 2.31%
1998 12.5% 1.83%
1997 31.1% 1.97%

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

Over the past 28 years, Burundi has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 11.1%, compared with 2.34% in Spain. In 2024, inflation was 20.2% in Burundi and 2.77% in Spain.

Top exports between countries

Burundi
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $65K
Machinery & equipment $7K
Chemicals & pharma $4K
Spain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $416K
Raw materials & minerals $408K
Machinery & equipment $268K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $190K
Textiles & consumer goods $143K
Wood & paper products $16K
Metals $5K
Miscellaneous $5K

Balance of trade

Burundi Spain
Current account balance
-$475M
2024
$54.9B
2024
Current account balance ranking
105/190
2024
13/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-15.4%
2024
+3.18%
2024
Goods imports
$959M
2024
$456B
2024
Goods exports
$230M
2024
$419B
2024
Service imports
$361M
2024
$111B
2024
Service exports
$121M
2024
$220B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
24.4%
2023
32.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
5.29%
2023
37.1%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Burundi Spain
Economic freedom 40.2 66.8
Economic freedom ranking 187/197 59/197
Property rights 27.2 88
Government integrity 15.5 64.2
Judicial effectiveness 7.5 74.3
Tax burden 76.1 58.2
Government spending 76.3 37.3
Fiscal health 14.6 57.3
Business freedom 27.2 82.6
Labor freedom 49.9 61.7
Monetary freedom 55.5 78.2
Trade freedom 52.2 79.4
Investment freedom 50 60
Financial freedom 30 60

Economic freedom comparison by year

Burundi
Spain
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Burundi Spain
2026 40.2 66.8
2025 39.7 66.3
2024 38.4 63.3
2023 41.9 65
2022 39.4 68.2
2021 49.9 69.9
2020 49 66.9
2019 48.9 65.7
2018 50.9 65.1
2017 53.2 63.6
2016 53.9 68.5
2015 53.7 67.6
2014 51.4 67.2
2013 49 68
2012 48.1 69.1
2011 49.6 70.2
2010 47.5 69.6
2009 48.8 70.1
2008 46.2 69.1
2007 46.9 69.2
2006 48.7 68.2
2005 - 67
2004 - 68.9
2003 - 68.8
2002 - 68.8
2001 - 68.1
2000 42.6 65.9
1999 41.1 65.1
1998 44.7 62.6
1997 45.4 59.6
1996 - 59.6
1995 - 62.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09).

GeoRank.org/economy/burundi/spain | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Burundi is 40.2, ranking 187/197, compared to 66.8 for Spain, ranking 59/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Burundi Spain
Services, % of GDP
43.2%
2024
68.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.7%
2024
19.5%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
34.9%
2024
2.75%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$3.61B
2024
$1.64T
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,200
2024
$57,670
2024
Total reserves including gold
$90.3M
2023
$108B
2024
Total reserves ranking
174/177
2023
26/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$24.8M
2024
$28.7B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$33.3M
2024
$42.8B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$8.51M
2024
$71.5B
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.16%
2024
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
51%
2020
20.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
10%
2023
21.2%
2024

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08).

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1850–1999, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-03-09)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  6. TradeMap (2020–2024, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  7. United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  8. LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)

Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.