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Economy of Brazil vs Saint Lucia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Brazil has a GDP of $2.18T compared to $2.55B for Saint Lucia, ranking 10/197 and 172/197 by economy size, respectively.

Brazil has $1.9T in government debt (92% of GDP), compared to $1.91B (74.5% of GDP) in Saint Lucia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Brazil
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Saint Lucia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Brazil Saint Lucia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $17,030,465,539 $188,463,862,170 - -
1961 $17,275,940,449 $204,671,754,317 - -
1962 $19,231,747,852 $218,180,090,102 - -
1963 $23,287,712,878 $219,489,170,643 - -
1964 $20,963,733,695 $226,951,802,444 - -
1965 $22,465,522,884 $232,398,645,703 - -
1966 $28,283,323,733 $247,969,354,965 - -
1967 $31,086,389,195 $258,384,067,874 - -
1968 $33,930,457,425 $283,705,706,525 - -
1969 $37,171,640,819 $310,657,748,645 - -
1970 $42,327,664,794 $342,966,154,504 - -
1971 $48,869,830,902 $381,868,537,873 - -
1972 $58,434,858,375 $427,464,970,641 - -
1973 $83,592,275,863 $487,176,363,096 - -
1974 $109,794,519,728 $526,900,425,028 - -
1975 $129,203,555,239 $554,123,521,012 - -
1976 $153,168,949,208 $610,960,688,345 - -
1977 $176,344,101,402 $641,107,493,085 - $483,071,666
1978 $200,278,646,124 $672,969,879,570 - $532,885,730
1979 $221,338,204,480 $718,459,683,183 - $553,096,671
1980 $237,393,489,893 $784,557,974,035 $170,370,370 $540,815,004
1981 $258,015,174,749 $751,214,260,139 $194,444,444 $574,941,800
1982 $271,314,113,768 $757,449,338,498 $183,333,333 $586,937,053
1983 $189,656,506,321 $735,256,072,880 $197,037,037 $616,080,731
1984 $188,339,974,087 $774,959,900,815 $251,481,481 $660,842,530
1985 $210,879,844,639 $835,794,253,030 $284,444,444 $715,611,607
1986 $256,480,852,471 $898,395,242,581 $340,000,000 $818,674,128
1987 $283,056,836,894 $930,108,594,645 $375,555,556 $850,796,702
1988 $307,881,930,752 $929,550,529,488 $429,629,630 $969,054,583
1989 $412,990,820,287 $958,924,326,220 $486,666,667 $1,056,085,416
1990 $384,959,818,182 $917,211,118,029 $579,629,630 $1,160,539,673
1991 $342,534,090,909 $926,678,475,666 $613,703,704 $1,164,899,565
1992 $328,191,909,882 $921,636,677,089 $674,074,074 $1,257,544,906
1993 $368,292,034,381 $967,024,426,396 $684,814,815 $1,264,878,904
1994 $525,369,467,296 $1,023,623,112,444 $713,703,704 $1,285,098,755
1995 $769,333,050,987 $1,066,858,840,298 $762,962,963 $1,307,565,184
1996 $850,426,432,992 $1,090,424,301,690 $788,888,889 $1,345,779,926
1997 $883,206,179,730 $1,127,442,527,330 $805,925,926 $1,336,438,462
1998 $863,710,759,256 $1,131,254,386,852 $877,407,407 $1,420,453,281
1999 $599,642,024,320 $1,136,547,951,100 $921,851,852 $1,458,387,956
2000 $655,448,231,984 $1,186,419,100,641 $932,592,593 $1,459,098,899
2001 $559,983,634,799 $1,202,909,097,021 $892,592,593 $1,409,371,876
2002 $509,795,273,807 $1,239,639,467,498 $900,000,000 $1,415,241,212
2003 $558,233,745,652 $1,253,781,634,017 $987,407,407 $1,475,595,751
2004 $669,289,424,806 $1,325,999,012,758 $1,066,666,667 $1,582,833,328
2005 $891,633,839,894 $1,368,459,252,278 $1,135,555,556 $1,576,338,888
2006 $1,107,626,541,435 $1,422,677,453,371 $1,268,319,185 $1,673,997,138
2007 $1,397,114,486,369 $1,509,032,133,942 $1,336,088,815 $1,702,314,784
2008 $1,695,855,083,498 $1,585,905,180,197 $1,437,731,111 $1,786,567,823
2009 $1,666,996,438,581 $1,583,909,921,137 $1,401,507,889 $1,736,027,614
2010 $2,208,837,745,101 $1,703,150,236,757 $1,482,385,185 $1,741,756,827
2011 $2,616,156,223,918 $1,770,840,632,844 $1,568,370,370 $1,817,121,649
2012 $2,465,227,802,807 $1,804,861,597,828 $1,598,207,407 $1,815,145,417
2013 $2,472,819,535,557 $1,859,094,488,272 $1,660,392,593 $1,782,131,987
2014 $2,456,043,727,199 $1,868,463,501,662 $1,749,185,185 $1,805,800,308
2015 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,802,212,206,815 $1,807,640,741 $1,807,640,741
2016 $1,795,693,482,853 $1,743,173,232,417 $1,868,544,444 $1,869,604,354
2017 $2,063,514,977,366 $1,766,233,131,667 $1,998,503,704 $1,932,793,731
2018 $1,916,933,898,011 $1,797,736,844,969 $2,060,955,556 $1,988,589,215
2019 $1,873,288,205,060 $1,819,683,217,699 $2,095,344,444 $1,974,662,680
2020 $1,476,107,231,310 $1,760,056,587,795 $1,499,274,074 $1,493,605,760
2021 $1,670,647,398,905 $1,843,881,119,920 $1,867,185,185 $1,666,845,860
2022 $1,951,923,942,083 $1,899,505,377,558 $2,342,714,815 $2,006,689,781
2023 $2,191,131,765,685 $1,961,080,794,856 $2,430,166,667 $2,051,035,272
2024 $2,179,412,080,829 $2,027,676,479,715 $2,549,062,963 $2,130,856,443

Economic indicators

Brazil Saint Lucia
Gross domestic product
$2.18T
2024
$2.55B
2024
GDP rank
10/197
2024
172/197
2024
GDP growth
-0.53%
2023-2024
4.89%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$10,280
2024
$14,182
2024
GDP per capita rank
85/197
2024
70/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,333
2024
$27,567
2024
Government debt
$1.9T
2024
$1.91B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
92%
2025
74.5%
2025
Government debt per person
$8,973
2024
$10,604
2024
Government debt per person rank
60/185
2024
57/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,664
2025
$10,481
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$659B
2024
n/a
Number of millionaires
380,585
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
56
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
40.8%
2023
34.1%
2015
Income share by poorest 10%
1.3%
2023
2.1%
2015
Government expenditure, % of GDP
47.7%
2025
25%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
5.2%
2024-2025
-0.11%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
15%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
6.8%
2024
10.1%
2024
Population
213415080
180421

GDP per capita in Brazil vs Saint Lucia

Brazil's GDP per capita is $10,280, ranking 85/197, compared to $14,182 in Saint Lucia, ranking 70/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Brazil ranks 86th at $22,333, while Saint Lucia ranks 75th at $27,567.

Brazil
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Saint Lucia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Brazil Saint Lucia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $235.3 - - -
1961 $231.6 - - -
1962 $250.2 - - -
1963 $294.2 - - -
1964 $257.3 - - -
1965 $268 - - -
1966 $328 - - -
1967 $351 - - -
1968 $374 - - -
1969 $399 - - -
1970 $444 - - -
1971 $500 - - -
1972 $583 - - -
1973 $815 - - -
1974 $1,045 - - -
1975 $1,201 - - -
1976 $1,390 - - -
1977 $1,562 - - -
1978 $1,733 - - -
1979 $1,870 - - -
1980 $1,959 - $1,428 -
1981 $2,080 - $1,605 -
1982 $2,138 - $1,489 -
1983 $1,461 - $1,576 -
1984 $1,420 - $1,979 -
1985 $1,556 - $2,202 -
1986 $1,854 - $2,591 -
1987 $2,006 - $2,819 -
1988 $2,141 - $3,182 -
1989 $2,819 - $3,565 -
1990 $2,581 $6,688 $4,205 $6,951
1991 $2,258 $6,867 $4,399 $7,127
1992 $2,127 $6,869 $4,760 $7,753
1993 $2,349 $7,260 $4,765 $7,865
1994 $3,299 $7,727 $4,892 $8,041
1995 $4,757 $8,097 $5,148 $8,222
1996 $5,179 $8,301 $5,244 $8,490
1997 $5,299 $8,602 $5,282 $8,456
1998 $5,106 $8,599 $5,673 $8,965
1999 $3,494 $8,635 $5,883 $9,214
2000 $3,767 $9,092 $5,880 $9,314
2001 $3,176 $9,304 $5,570 $9,106
2002 $2,856 $9,617 $5,568 $9,205
2003 $3,091 $9,802 $6,059 $9,707
2004 $3,664 $10,526 $6,495 $10,610
2005 $4,828 $11,081 $6,863 $10,818
2006 $5,934 $11,751 $7,611 $11,758
2007 $7,410 $12,673 $7,964 $12,199
2008 $8,908 $13,445 $8,517 $12,969
2009 $8,679 $13,391 $8,251 $12,600
2010 $11,403 $14,452 $8,674 $12,718
2011 $13,397 $15,212 $9,129 $13,471
2012 $12,522 $15,198 $9,260 $13,443
2013 $12,459 $15,722 $9,577 $14,010
2014 $12,275 $15,827 $10,045 $14,403
2015 $8,936 $14,821 $10,335 $14,353
2016 $8,836 $14,309 $10,638 $15,307
2017 $10,081 $14,559 $11,333 $16,131
2018 $9,301 $15,464 $11,643 $17,433
2019 $9,030 $16,070 $11,794 $18,710
2020 $7,074 $16,102 $8,411 $14,912
2021 $7,973 $18,076 $10,459 $19,101
2022 $9,281 $19,877 $13,104 $24,599
2023 $10,378 $21,176 $13,555 $25,975
2024 $10,280 $22,333 $14,182 $27,567

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Brazil's government spending was $991B, accounting for 47.7% of its GDP, while Saint Lucia's spent $618M, or 25% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 92% in Brazil and 74.5% in Saint Lucia, ranking 31/185 and 48/185, respectively.

Brazil
Government spending

Government debt
Saint Lucia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Brazil Saint Lucia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1960 13.7% 22.3% - -
1961 12% 25.7% - -
1962 23.1% 23.7% - -
1963 22.8% 20.4% - -
1964 25.4% 22.2% - -
1965 14% 17.6% - -
1966 14.6% 19.6% - -
1967 13.5% 13.8% - -
1968 14.4% 15.8% - -
1969 11.2% 16.5% - -
1970 11.4% 17% - -
1971 11.7% 17.9% - -
1972 12.6% 22.5% - -
1973 11% 22.4% - -
1974 10.5% 25.7% - -
1975 10.7% 27.7% - -
1976 10.6% 31.8% - -
1977 10.4% 31% - -
1978 10.2% 37% - -
1979 9% 36.6% - -
1980 6.8% 39.7% - -
1981 7.8% 34.6% - -
1982 8.1% 32.8% - -
1983 9.7% 51.5% - -
1984 10% 55.8% - -
1985 11.1% 52.6% 20.4% 17.1%
1986 11.7% 49.4% 21.1% 17.2%
1987 - 50.3% 19.9% 19.6%
1988 - 46.9% 18.2% 18.6%
1989 - 40.2% 19% 18.1%
1990 - 40.6% 16.7% 17%
1991 - 38.1% 18.4% 19.8%
1992 - 37.1% 18.4% 22.2%
1993 - 32.6% 21.8% 22.9%
1994 - 30% 19.1% 23.8%
1995 - 28% 19.2% 22.9%
1996 38.2% 30.7% 18.9% 24.1%
1997 38.6% 31.8% 19.5% 27.2%
1998 40.9% 38.9% 18.8% 29.4%
1999 39.6% 44.5% 20.9% 28.9%
2000 34.5% 62.2% 20.7% 32.5%
2001 39.8% 67.3% 22.1% 38.1%
2002 44.5% 76.1% 23.6% 48.8%
2003 41.3% 71.5% 22.9% 45.6%
2004 39.7% 68% 22.9% 49.6%
2005 41.9% 67% 26% 51.9%
2006 42.6% 64.6% 24.7% 48.6%
2007 40.4% 63% 22.6% 49.1%
2008 39.9% 61.4% 22.2% 46.7%
2009 40.5% 64.7% 24.5% 51%
2010 39.5% 62.4% 26% 53%
2011 39.4% 60.6% 27% 55.2%
2012 39.3% 61.6% 28% 60.8%
2013 39.8% 59.6% 25.4% 62.1%
2014 41.4% 61.6% 23.6% 62.4%
2015 46.2% 71.7% 23.7% 61.1%
2016 45.5% 77.4% 23% 61.3%
2017 44.3% 82.7% 23.3% 60.4%
2018 44.2% 84.8% 23.2% 60.5%
2019 43% 87.1% 25.1% 62.1%
2020 46.2% 96% 35.2% 100.8%
2021 40.4% 88.9% 27.5% 87.1%
2022 43.4% 83.9% 22.9% 74.1%
2023 45.3% 84% 24.4% 75.6%
2024 45.5% 87.3% 24.2% 74.8%
2025 47.7% 92% 25% 74.5%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Brazil's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$144B, equivalent to -6.63% of GDP. This compares to Saint Lucia's deficit of -$33.4M, or -1.31% of GDP.

Over the past 40 years, Brazil recorded a fiscal deficit in 40 of those years, while Saint Lucia ran a deficit in 34 years. On average, Brazil posted an annual deficit equal to -4.14% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.12% of GDP for Saint Lucia.

Deficit/surplus
Brazil

Saint Lucia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Brazil Saint Lucia
1880 -4.84% -
1881 -1.9% -
1882 -1.58% -
1883 -3.33% -
1884 -3.89% -
1885 -5.71% -
1886 -3.8% -
1887 -0.76% -
1888 0.63% -
1889 -3.79% -
1890 -3.02% -
1891 0.51% -
1892 -2.6% -
1893 -1.77% -
1894 -4.11% -
1895 -1.33% -
1896 -0.79% -
1897 -2.38% -
1898 -14% -
1899 -2.13% -
1900 -5.57% -
1901 -2.46% -
1902 1.59% -
1903 1.79% -
1904 -0.62% -
1905 0.96% -
1906 0.28% -
1907 0.38% -
1908 -1.89% -
1909 -1.62% -
1910 -2.06% -
1911 -2.15% -
1912 -3.05% -
1913 -1.91% -
1914 -7.32% -
1915 -6.33% -
1916 -4.35% -
1917 -4.8% -
1918 -4.51% -
1919 -3.69% -
1920 -3.11% -
1921 -2.98% -
1922 -3.8% -
1923 -1.94% -
1924 -0.45% -
1925 -0.07% -
1926 -0.76% -
1927 0.12% -
1928 0.57% -
1929 -0.09% -
1930 -3.58% -
1931 -1.56% -
1932 -6.47% -
1933 -1.56% -
1934 -2.28% -
1935 -0.5% -
1936 -0.27% -
1937 -1.62% -
1938 -0.59% -
1939 -1.2% -
1940 -1.13% -
1941 -2.15% -
1942 -2.55% -
1943 -0.75% -
1944 -2.37% -
1945 -2.87% -
1946 -1.78% -
1947 0.25% -
1948 0.002% -
1949 -1.22% -
1950 -1.58% -
1951 0.87% -
1952 0.64% -
1953 -1.26% -
1954 -0.49% -
1955 -0.62% -
1956 -0.14% -
1957 -0.29% -
1958 -0.76% -
1959 -0.18% -
1960 -3.85% -
1961 -2.93% -
1962 -6.82% -
1963 -5.78% -
1964 -8.79% -
1965 -2% -
1966 -1.3% -
1967 -2.1% -
1968 -1.6% -
1969 -0.6% -
1970 -0.4% -
1971 -0.3% -
1972 -0.1% -
1973 0.1% -
1974 0.6% -
1975 0% -
1976 0.1% -
1977 0.1% -
1978 -0.1% -
1979 0.4% -
1980 2.5% -
1981 1% -
1982 1.4% -
1983 0.1% -
1984 -0.4% -
1985 -1.3% -1.5%
1986 -1.6% -1.61%
1987 -1.6% 0.56%
1988 -1.6% 2.02%
1989 -1.6% 0.89%
1990 -1.6% 0.29%
1991 -1.6% -0.43%
1992 -1.6% -0.66%
1993 -1.6% -0.26%
1994 -1.6% -0.02%
1995 -1.6% -0.13%
1996 -5.35% -0.58%
1997 -5.6% -1.13%
1998 -7.22% 2.25%
1999 -5.17% 1.62%
2000 -3.32% -1.16%
2001 -3.47% -3.08%
2002 -4.15% -3.1%
2003 -5.4% -3.23%
2004 -2.95% -2.63%
2005 -3.36% -6.18%
2006 -4.87% -5.07%
2007 -2.66% -1.62%
2008 -2.39% -0.72%
2009 -4.23% -2.67%
2010 -3.55% -4.17%
2011 -2.74% -5.38%
2012 -2.35% -7.62%
2013 -3.42% -4.84%
2014 -6.27% -3.08%
2015 -9.28% -2.35%
2016 -7.99% -0.79%
2017 -7.97% -1.14%
2018 -6.99% -1.03%
2019 -4.86% -3.51%
2020 -11.6% -12.1%
2021 -2.63% -5.1%
2022 -3.96% -1.67%
2023 -7.71% -2.65%
2024 -6.63% -1.31%
2025 -8.52% -2.15%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Brazil has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 6.46%, compared with 2% in Saint Lucia. In 2024, inflation was 5.2% in Brazil and -0.11% in Saint Lucia.

Inflation
Brazil

Saint Lucia
Year Inflation
Brazil Saint Lucia Brazil Saint Lucia
1996 15.8% 0.92%
1997 6.9% -0.006%
1998 3.2% 3.2%
1999 4.9% 3.5%
2000 7% 3.71%
2001 6.8% 5.31%
2002 8.4% -0.26%
2003 14.7% 1.03%
2004 6.6% 1.46%
2005 6.9% 3.9%
2006 4.2% 2.4%
2007 3.6% 2.82%
2008 5.7% 5.55%
2009 4.9% -0.16%
2010 5% 3.25%
2011 6.6% 2.77%
2012 5.4% 4.18%
2013 6.2% 1.47%
2014 6.3% 3.52%
2015 9% -0.98%
2016 8.7% -3.08%
2017 3.4% 0.1%
2018 3.7% 1.94%
2019 3.7% 0.54%
2020 3.2% -1.76%
2021 8.3% 2.41%
2022 9.3% 6.38%
2023 4.6% 4.07%
2024 4.4% -0.11%
2025 5.2% -

Top exports between countries

Brazil
Export category Export value
Raw materials & minerals $71M
Wood & paper products $1.43M
Raw agricultural goods $622K
Textiles & consumer goods $482K
Machinery & equipment $473K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $470K
Chemicals & pharma $185K
Animal & marine products $150K
Metals $12K
Saint Lucia
Export category Export value

Balance of trade

Brazil Saint Lucia
Current account balance
-$57.9B
2024
-$64.1M
2024
Current account balance ranking
187/189
2024
82/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-2.66%
2024
-2.52%
2024
Goods imports
$274B
2024
$848M
2024
Goods exports
$340B
2024
$137M
2024
Service imports
$103B
2024
$598M
2024
Service exports
$48.1B
2024
$1.46B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
17.5%
2024
n/a
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
18%
2024
19%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Brazil Saint Lucia
Economic freedom 55.1 67
Economic freedom ranking 129/197 53/197
Property rights 51.4 69.5
Government integrity 36.4 59
Judicial effectiveness 54.2 74.6
Tax burden 74.8 78.6
Government spending 44.3 82.5
Fiscal health 49.6 74.3
Business freedom 66.8 73.8
Labor freedom 57.1 64.9
Monetary freedom 74.4 76.6
Trade freedom 71.6 60
Investment freedom 40 50
Financial freedom 40 40

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Brazil is 55.1, ranking 129/197, compared to 67 for Saint Lucia, ranking 53/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Brazil
Saint Lucia
Year Economic freedom index
Brazil Saint Lucia
1995 51.4 -
1996 48.1 -
1997 52.6 -
1998 52.3 -
1999 61.3 -
2000 61.1 -
2001 61.9 -
2002 61.5 -
2003 63.4 -
2004 62 -
2005 61.7 -
2006 60.9 -
2007 56.2 -
2008 56.2 -
2009 56.7 68.8
2010 55.6 70.5
2011 56.3 70.8
2012 57.9 71.3
2013 57.7 70.4
2014 56.9 70.7
2015 56.6 70.2
2016 56.5 70
2017 52.9 65
2018 51.4 67.6
2019 51.9 68.7
2020 53.7 68.2
2021 53.4 67.5
2022 53.3 64.3
2023 53.5 60.7
2024 53.2 62.2
2025 55.1 67

More economic indicators

Brazil Saint Lucia
Services, % of GDP
59.3%
2024
75.9%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
21.3%
2024
9.75%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.58%
2024
1.13%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$2.11T
2024
$2.3B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,650
2024
$25,160
2024
Total reserves including gold
$330B
2024
$406M
2024
Total reserves ranking
11/177
2024
162/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$44.7B
2024
-$187M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$71.1B
2024
$179M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$26.3B
2024
-$8.14M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
10.7%
2023
3.07%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
4.2%
2020
25%
2016
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
16.9%
2024
n/a

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.